Proboscis lateralis: A case report of a rare giant craniofacial teratoma in an infant

Teratomas can occur in almost any region of the body and are the most common extragonadal germ cell childhood tumors. However, craniofacial teratomas are rare. Craniofacial teratomas can present unique features and cause significant functional and aesthetic concerns. There are complex lesions that can have components intra-cranially and extra-cranially. Therefore, their management requires significant multi-stage multidisciplinary surgical procedures. Herein, we present a case of craniofacial teratoma in a child with the phenotype of proboscis lateralis that highlights some of the pertinent point of the diagnosis and management of congenital neonatal teratomas

Epidemiology of injuries caused by civil unrest in Yemen. A case series of the first wave of patients treated at the National Trauma Center of the Sultanate of Oman

INTRODUCTION: Civil unrest leads to a significant healthcare impact. The unsettled Yemeni political scene has been present for a long time. This civil conflict has led to loss of innocent lives and long-lasting physical and emotional morbidity. To date, there has been no description of the initial impact of the Yemeni civil conflict on healthcare services. OBJECTIVE: To describe the demographics and the pattern of injuries, management and follow-up for the first wave of civil war victims repatriated to the Sultanate of Oman in March 2015. METHOD: A retrospective review of all civil victims repatriated from Yemen to the Sultanate of Oman after the March 2015 bombings. The data is extracted from medical records. RESULTS: A total of 47 patients were evacuated from Yemen after 2 suicide bombings and treated initially in Oman. All patients were males and their mean age was 31 years, (range 6–66 years). Long bone fractures were the most common injury type (n = 39, 84%). Complex wounds were present in 36 (78%) patients, which required surgical intervention. Blast burns occurred in 7 patients (15%) and 10 patients (21%) had abdominal and chest injuries. Unfortunately, two patients succumbed to their injuries. The average length of stay for survivors was 25 days (6–156 days). CONCLUSION: This study highlighted the complexity of injuries created by modern civil unrest situations. The study also indicated the regional impact of such situations on nearby countries. This study is a pioneering in describing the first wave of repatriated victims from the recent Yemeni conflict

Cutaneous Scar Prevention and Management : Overview of current therapies

Cutaneous scarring is common after trauma, surgery and infection and occurs when normal skin tissue is replaced by fibroblastic tissue during the healing process. The pathophysiology of scar formation is not yet fully understood, although the degree of tension across the wound edges and the speed of cell growth are believed to play central roles. Prevention of scars is essential and can be achieved by attention to surgical techniques and the use of measures to reduce cell growth. Grading and classifying scars is important to determine available treatment strategies. This article presents an overview of the current therapies available for the prevention and treatment of scars. It is intended to be a practical guide for surgeons and other health professionals involved with and interested in scar management

Cutaneous Scar Prevention and Management : Overview of current therapies

Cutaneous scarring is common after trauma, surgery and infection and occurs when normal skin tissue is replaced by fibroblastic tissue during the healing process. The pathophysiology of scar formation is not yet fully understood, although the degree of tension across the wound edges and the speed of cell growth are believed to play central roles. Prevention of scars is essential and can be achieved by attention to surgical techniques and the use of measures to reduce cell growth. Grading and classifying scars is important to determine available treatment strategies. This article presents an overview of the current therapies available for the prevention and treatment of scars. It is intended to be a practical guide for surgeons and other health professionals involved with and interested in scar management

COVID-19 related risk factors and their association with non-syndromic orofacial clefts in five Arab countries: a case-control study

Abstract Background The environmental etiology of non-syndromic orofacial clefts (NSOFCs) is still under research. The aim of this case-control study is to assess COVID-19 associated factors that may be related to the risk of NSOFC in five Arab countries. These factors include COVID-19 infection, COVID-19 symptoms, family member or friends infected with COVID-19, stress, smoking, socioeconomic status and fear of COVID-19. Methods The study took place in governmental hospitals in five Arab countries from November 2020 to November 2021. Controls are matched in the month of delivery and site of recruitment. A clinical examination was carried out using LASHAL classification. Maternal exposure to medication, illnesses, supplementation, COVID-19 infection during their pregestation and 1st trimester periods were evaluated using a validated questionnaire. Maternal exposure to stress was assessed using the Life Events scale, fear of covid-19 scale, family member or friend affected with covid-19 infection, pregnancy planning and threatened abortion. Results The study recruited 1135 infants (386 NSOFC and 749 controls). Living in urban areas, maternal exposure to medications 3-months pregestation, maternal exposure to any of the prenatal life events and maternal fear of COVID-19 significantly increased the risk of having a child with NSOFC. On the other hand, mothers exposed to supplementation 3-months pregestation, mothers suspected of having COVID-19 infection, family members or friends testing positive with COVID-19 significantly decreased the risk of having a child with NSOFC. Conclusions This study suggests that NSOFC may be associated with maternal exposure to lifetime stress and COVID-19 fear in particular, with no direct effect of the COVID-19 infection itself. This highlights the importance of providing psychological support for expecting mothers during stressful events that affect populations such as the COVID-19 pandemic, in addition to the usual antenatal care

Additional file 1 of COVID-19 related risk factors and their association with non-syndromic orofacial clefts in five Arab countries: a case-control study

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