Evaluación de la relevancia de las leyes de competencia en países pequeños: el caso del CARICOM

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Competition law in action : experiences from developing countries

Since the early 1990s, the number of competition authorities has increased markedly around the world, and most of these have been established in transition and developing economies. These young institutions have faced many challenges, and experienced successes and failures. The knowledge of these experiences could prove invaluable to those countries that are establishing competition regimes, and particularly to young competition authorities that can learn from each other’s experiences. Canada’s International Development Research Centre (IDRC) has supported research on competition issues in developing and transition countries over the last five years to assist officials from these countries to understand the issues related to competition law, both at the domestic level and as they relate to trade. This information has helped formulate policy and negotiate trade provisions. This report draws upon the research findings from the IDRC sponsored projects in particular, but also other research findings where appropriate, to provide information, analysis and recommendations to assist young competition authorities

A crise Baring e a crise do Encilhamento nos quadros da economia-mundo capitalista The Baring crisis and the Encilhamento crisis in the context of the capitalist world-economy

O final do século XIX foi marcado, para Brasil e Argentina, por crescimento e instabilidade na economia. Neste período, ocorreram duas importantes crises econômicas, que ficaram conhecidas como crise Baring (na Argentina) e crise do Encilhamento (no Brasil). Este artigo tem o objetivo de apresentar as conexões existentes entre essas duas crises e a conjuntura da economia-mundo capitalista das últimas décadas do século XIX, enfatizando o problema da dívida externa e da política econômica, e re-organizando algumas contribuições da historiografia econômica por meio da metodologia da "encompassing comparison" e da teoria dos ciclos mundiais de endividamento. O artigo mostra que ambas as crises estiveram condicionadas pela dinâmica da economia-mundo capitalista, especialmente pelos fluxos mundiais de capital, não sendo resultados exclusivos de políticas econômicas nacionais.<br>The end of the 19th century was characterized by economic growth and instability in Brazil and Argentina. In this period, two important economic crises took place - the Baring Crisis (in Argentina) and the Encilhamento Crisis (in Brazil). The aim of this paper is to present the connections between these two crises and the dynamics of the capitalist world-economy of the end of the 19th century, focusing on the problems of external debt and economic policy and re-organizing some contributions of economic historiography through the methodology of "encompassing comparison" and of the world debt cycles' theory. The paper concludes that both crises were influenced by the dynamics of the capitalist world-economy, especially by the international flows of capital, and that they were not exclusive results of national economic policies