[Evolution of the nutritional status of six years old Chilean children (1987-2003)].

BACKGROUND: As a consequence of the epidemiological transition in Chile, the nutritional status of the population has changed notoriously. AIM: To study the changes in the nutritional status of six years-old Chilean children from 1987 to 2003. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The computer data base of a government institution in charge of the School Lunch Program (JUNAEB) was used. It contains data on weight, height, sex and date of birth of six years old children, in the years 1987, 1990, 1993, 1996, 2000, 2001, 2002 and 2003. RESULTS: The data of approximately 80,000 children was analyzed. Both weight and height increased over the study years. There was a significant reduction in the number of children with weight deficit but also an increase in the proportion of children with obesity. Stunting was also reduced. The proportion of children with HAZ over 2 SD increased from 0.76 in 1987 to 2.2% in 2003. The prevalence of obesity has not increased since the year 2000. CONCLUSION: The stabilization in the prevalence of obesity is a positive finding, considering its adverse consequences for health

Nutritional surveillance in Chilean schoolchildren: Validity of the information Vigilancia nutricional en escolares chilenos: Validez de la información

Background: Anthropometry is used to survey health and nutritional situation of the population. Therefore the quality of the information that is being used must be evaluated. Aim: To estimate the agreement in weight, height and nutritional status in school-children, comparing measurements made by teachers in schools and a standardized and supervised team of professionals. Material and methods: Cross sectional study, including 927 school-children in 31 schools from 7 counties of Santiago. Schools were randomly chosen and the universe of children attending to first grade was measured. Weight, height and nutritional status collected by teachers and researches, were compared. Results: Total agreement for nutritional status reached 0.67, random-weighted Kappa was 0.40 and weighted Kappa, 0.42. Teachers tended to over diagnose under-nutrition and under diagnose overweight and obesity, measuring 270 grams less than the qualified team (p <0.001) and 1.7 cm more in height (p <0.001), what is r

Evolution of nutritional status in a cohort of school age children Evolución del estado nutricional en una cohorte de escolares chilenos: ¿Un cambio real o ficticio?

Background: Considering the high prevalence of obesity among children attending elementary schools, it is important to know the evolution of body weight when these children reach adolescent. Aim: To analyze the changes in nutritional status of children between the first year of elementary school and the first year of high school. Material and methods: A historical cohort of children that were assessed when they started elementary school in 1997, was evaluated again eight years later. Weight and height were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Obesity was considered as a BMI over percentile 95 of Center for Disease Control (CDC) references. The concordance between nutritional assessment in both periods and the risk of obesity during adolescence, based on previous weight were also calculated. Results: Data from 117,815 children were analyzed. The prevalence of obesity in the first year of elementary school and the first year of high school was 14.6% and 7%, respectively. T

Evolución del estado nutricional de niños chilenos desde la etapa preescolar a la escolar: Resultados antropométricos según procedencia de las mediciones Evolution of the nutritional status of Chilean children from preschool to school age: Anthropometric results according to the source of the data

Como los resultados del estado nutricional que entregan instituciones chilenas que recolectan datos antropométricos de su población bajo control, muestran diferentes magnitudes en el incremento del porcentaje de obesidad entre preescolares de 4 años y escolares de 1er grado, quisimos verificar la real magnitud de este aumento. Este estudio se basó en una investigación longitudinal que comenzó el 2006 con 1100 niños de 3 años, evaluados por el INTA a los 4, 5 y 6 años. Se determinó el estado nutricional a esas edades según Z IMC y referencias OMS 2006/2007. La información recogida sirvió además, para determinar la concordancia entre los datos antropométricos recogidos por profesores de escuelas públicas en escolares de 1er grado el 2009 (base JUNAEB) y los mismos niños evaluados paralelamente por el INTA (base INTA). La muestra incluyó a 474 niños de 6 años. No se observaron diferencias entre los promedios de Z IMC y Z talla/edad. El grado de concordancia entre los Z IMC fue bueno (rho= 0,73), sin embargo hubo diferencias en la clasificación nutricional, ya que el porcentaje de bajo peso fue significativamente mayor en la base JUNAEB (9,5% vs 3,6% ), mientras que el porcentaje de obesidad fue menor en la base INTA, 17,5% vs 19,2% (diferencia no significativo). A los 4 y 5 años los porcentajes de obesidad de estos niños fueron 13,3% y 15,7% respectivamente (datos INTA). Por la trayectoria observada, es más probable que el alza en el porcentaje de obesidad entre los 4 y 6 años fue de 4 puntos porcentuales y no de 6, tal como indican los datos INTA.Because the results of the nutritional status released by Chilean institutions which collect anthropometric data on their population under control, show different increments in the prevalence of obesity between preschoolers and children in 1st grade, we decided to verify the real magnitude of this increase. This study is based on a longitudinal investigation which began in 2006 and included 1100, three-year old children, which we evaluated when they were 4, 5 and 6 y. The nutritional status was determined according to BMI Z and WHO References 2006 / 2007. The information was also used to determine the concordance between the anthropometric data collected on first graders by teachers from public schools in 2009 (JUNAEB data set) and the same children assessed in parallel by INTA (INTA data set). The sample included 474, six-year olds. No differences were found between the average BMI Z and HAZ of the two data sets, and the degree of concordance between the BMI Z´s was good (rho = 0.73), however there were differences in the nutritional status, since the prevalence of low weight was significantly greater when assessed with JUNAEB´s data (9.5% vs 3.6% ), while that for obesity was lower with INTA´s data, 17.5% vs. 19.2% (not significantly different). At 4 and 5 y, obesity prevalence of the children was 13.3% and 15.7% respectively (INTA´s data). Considering the observed nutritional trajectory, it is likely that the rise in obesity between 4 and 6 y of age, was 4 percentage points and not 6, as was determined with INTA´s data

Evolución del estado nutricional de niños chilenos desde la etapa preescolar a la escolar: resultados antropométricos según procedencia de las mediciones

Como los resultados del estado nutricional que entregan instituciones chilenas que recolectan datos antropométricos de su población bajo control, muestran diferentes magnitudes en el incremento del porcentaje de obesidad entre preescolares de 4 años y escolares de 1er grado, quisimos verificar la real magnitud de este aumento. Este estudio se basó en una investigación longitudinal que comenzó el 2006 con 1100 niños de 3 años, evaluados por el INTA a los 4, 5 y 6 años. Se determinó el estado nutricional a esas edades según Z IMC y referencias OMS 2006/2007. La información recogida sirvió además, para determinar la concordancia entre los datos antropométricos recogidos por profesores de escuelas públicas en escolares de 1er grado el 2009 (base JUNAEB) y los mismos niños evaluados paralelamente por el INTA (base INTA). La muestra incluyó a 474 niños de 6 años. No se observaron diferencias entre los promedios de Z IMC y Z talla/edad. El grado de concordancia entre los Z IMC fue bueno (rho= 0,73), sin embargo hubo diferencias en la clasificación nutricional, ya que el porcentaje de bajo peso fue significativamente mayor en la base JUNAEB (9,5% vs 3,6% ), mientras que el porcentaje de obesidad fue menor en la base INTA, 17,5% vs 19,2% (diferencia no significativo). A los 4 y 5 años los porcentajes de obesidad de estos niños fueron 13,3% y 15,7% respectivamente (datos INTA). Por la trayectoria observada, es más probable que el alza en el porcentaje de obesidad entre los 4 y 6 años fue de 4 puntos porcentuales y no de 6, tal como indican los datos INTA.Because the results of the nutritional status released by Chilean institutions which collect anthropometric data on their population under control, show different increments in the prevalence of obesity between preschoolers and children in 1st grade, we decided to verify the real magnitude of this increase. This study is based on a longitudinal investigation which began in 2006 and included 1100, three-year old children, which we evaluated when they were 4, 5 and 6 y. The nutritional status was determined according to BMI Z and WHO References 2006 / 2007. The information was also used to determine the concordance between the anthropometric data collected on first graders by teachers from public schools in 2009 (JUNAEB data set) and the same children assessed in parallel by INTA (INTA data set). The sample included 474, six-year olds. No differences were found between the average BMI Z and HAZ of the two data sets, and the degree of concordance between the BMI Z´s was good (rho = 0.73), however there were differences in the nutritional status, since the prevalence of low weight was significantly greater when assessed with JUNAEB´s data (9.5% vs 3.6% ), while that for obesity was lower with INTA´s data, 17.5% vs. 19.2% (not significantly different). At 4 and 5 y, obesity prevalence of the children was 13.3% and 15.7% respectively (INTA´s data). Considering the observed nutritional trajectory, it is likely that the rise in obesity between 4 and 6 y of age, was 4 percentage points and not 6, as was determined with INTA´s data

[Evolution of the nutritional status of Chilean children from preschool to school age: anthropometric results according to the source of the data].

Because the results of the nutritional status released by Chilean institutions which collect anthropometric data on their population under control, show different increments in the prevalence of obesity between preschoolers and children in 1st grade, we decided to verify the real magnitude of this increase. This study is based on a longitudinal investigation which began in 2006 and included 1100, three-year old children, which we evaluated when they were 4, 5 and 6 y. The nutritional status was determined according to BMI Z and WHO References 2006/2007. The information was also used to determine the concordance between the anthropometric data collected on first graders by teachers from public schools in 2009 (JUNAEB data set) and the same children assessed in parallel by INTA (INTA data set). The sample included 474, six-year olds. No differences were found between the average BMI Z and HAZ of the two data sets, and the degree of concordance between the BMI Z's was good (rho = 0.73), however there were differences in the nutritional status, since the prevalence of low weight was significantly greater when assessed with JUNAEB's data (9.5% vs. 3.6% ), while that for obesity was lower with INTA's data, 17.5% vs. 19.2% (not significantly different). At 4 and 5 y, obesity prevalence of the children was 13.3% and 15.7% respectively (INTA's data). Considering the observed nutritional trajectory, it is likely that the rise in obesity between 4 and 6 y of age, was 4 percentage points and not 6, as was determined with INTA's data

Evolución del estado nutricional de niños chilenos desde la etapa preescolar a la escolar: Resultados antropométricos según procedencia de las mediciones

Como los resultados del estado nutricional que entregan instituciones chilenas que recolectan datos antropométricos de su población bajo control, muestran diferentes magnitudes en el incremento del porcentaje de obesidad entre preescolares de 4 años y escolares de 1er grado, quisimos verificar la real magnitud de este aumento. Este estudio se basó en una investigación longitudinal que comenzó el 2006 con 1100 niños de 3 años, evaluados por el INTA a los 4, 5 y 6 años. Se determinó el estado nutricional a esas edades según Z IMC y referencias OMS 2006/2007. La información recogida sirvió además, para determinar la concordancia entre los datos antropométricos recogidos por profesores de escuelas públicas en escolares de 1er grado el 2009 (base JUNAEB) y los mismos niños evaluados paralelamente por el INTA (base INTA). La muestra incluyó a 474 niños de 6 años. No se observaron diferencias entre los promedios de Z IMC y Z talla/edad. El grado de concordancia entre los Z IMC fue bueno (rho= 0,73), sin embargo hubo diferencias en la clasificación nutricional, ya que el porcentaje de bajo peso fue significativamente mayor en la base JUNAEB (9,5% vs 3,6% ), mientras que el porcentaje de obesidad fue menor en la base INTA, 17,5% vs 19,2% (diferencia no significativo). A los 4 y 5 años los porcentajes de obesidad de estos niños fueron 13,3% y 15,7% respectivamente (datos INTA). Por la trayectoria observada, es más probable que el alza en el porcentaje de obesidad entre los 4 y 6 años fue de 4 puntos porcentuales y no de 6, tal como indican los datos INTA

Evolution of the nutritional status of six years old Chilean children (1987-2003) Evolución del estado nutricional de escolares Chilenos de 6 años (1987- 2003)

Background: As a consequence of the epidemiological transition in Chile, the nutritional status of the population has changed notoriously. Aim: To study the changes in the nutritional status of six years-old Chilean children from 1987 to 2003. Material and Methods: The computer data base of a government institution in charge of the School Lunch Program (JUNAEB) was used. It contains data on weight, height, sex and date of birth of six years old children, in the years 1987, 1990, 1993, 1996, 2000, 2001, 2002 and 2003. Results: The data of approximately 80,000 children was analyzed. Both weight and height increased over the study years. There was a significant reduction in the number of children with weight deficit but also an increase in the proportion of children with obesity. Stunting was also reduced. The proportion of children with HAZ over 2 SD increased from 0.76 in 1987 to 2.2% in 2003. The prevalence of obesity has not increased since the year 2000. Conclusion: The stabilizatio