Using process drama to explore the causes of dental anxiety in primary‑school children

Background Drama and role play can be unlisted as methods to allow children to view problems from a range of different perspectives that may differ from their own experience. Application of drama technique to assess the cause of dental fear and anxiety in a school setting is novel. Aim The aim of this study was to engage primary school children in the core investigation via participatory arts methodologies, namely, process drama to gain understanding of the causes of dental anxiety. Design Sixty-three children, aged 7–10 years from three primary schools participated in this study. A 90-min drama workshop was carried in each school. The children were encouraged to identify the causes of dental anxiety using key concepts from process drama. The sessions were audio-recorded and transcribed. Results Four key concepts emerged: (1) fear of the unknown; (2) unpleasant sensory experience; (3) society’s perception and portrayal of the dentist; and (4) learnt negative associations with the dentist. Within each four key concepts, two sub-themes were identified. Conclusions Role-playing and use of drama are a novel application and can reveal a considerable amount of information from the child’s perspective on the cause of dental fear and anxiety

Clinical practice: Swallowing problems in cerebral palsy

Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common physical disability in early childhood. The worldwide prevalence of CP is approximately 2–2.5 per 1,000 live births. It has been clinically defined as a group of motor, cognitive, and perceptive impairments secondary to a non-progressive defect or lesion of the developing brain. Children with CP can have swallowing problems with severe drooling as one of the consequences. Malnutrition and recurrent aspiration pneumonia can increase the risk of morbidity and mortality. Early attention should be given to dysphagia and excessive drooling and their substantial contribution to the burden of a child with CP and his/her family. This review displays the important functional and anatomical issues related to swallowing problems in children with CP based on relevant literature and expert opinion. Furthermore, based on our experience, we describe a plan for approach of investigation and treatment of swallowing problems in cerebral palsy

The impact of different media on safety and usability of interactive atc applications

This paper identifies and discusses a set of criteria relevant to assess the impact of using different media in the design of user interfaces for safety-critical systems. An evaluation of different options concerning the allocation of such media during the design of an application in the Air Traffic Control domain is shown to illustrate and clarify our approach. Particular attention is paid on how different choices in allocating tasks among air traffic controllers affect usability and safety of operators' interactions. Document type: Part of book or chapter of boo

Formation of Mono(dithiolene)-Thiocarboxamido Complexes in Reactions of Thio(dithiocarbamato)-Mo/W Complexes and Dimethyl Acetylenedicarboxylate

Reactions of Tp*MS(S2CNEt2) with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate in dichloromethane produce olive green/black Tp*M{S2C2(CO2Me)2}(SCNEt2-2S,C) (M = Mo (1), W (2); Tp* = hydrotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)borate). The seven-coordinate complexes exhibit pseudo-octahedral (1) and distorted pentagonal bipyramidal (2) coordination spheres comprised of tridentate fac-Tp*, bidentate dithiolene, and thiocarboxamido-2S,C ligands. In the solid state, molecules of 1 exhibit pseudo-Cs symmetry, with the thiocarboxamide NEt2 group in a cleft in the Tp* ligand. Molecules of 2 have C1 symmetry in the solid state; here, the thiocarboxamide unit is orientated along one of the W-S(dithiolene) bonds with its NEt2 group projecting away from the Tp* ligand. Both complexes possess effective Cs symmetry in solution. Reaction of Tp*MoI(CO)3 with AgS2CNEt2 affords olive green Tp*Mo(S2CNEt2)(CO)2 (3), which reacts with propylene sulfide in a new synthesis for Tp*MoS(S2CNEt2), the starting material for 1. Complex 3 exhibits a distorted pentagonal bipyramidal structure, the axial sites being defined by a Tp* nitrogen atom and a carbonyl ligand, the pentagonal plane by the remaining nitrogen and carbonyl donors and the two sulfur atoms of the bidentate dithiocarbamate ligand.Patrick J. Lim, Damian A. Slizys, Edward R. T. Tiekink, and Charles G. Youn