An Investigation of the Relationship Between Teachers’ Personal Epistemologies and Their Self-Efficacy About Culturally Responsive Classroom Management

Diversity is now an essential matter in US public schools. For the first time in America\u27s history, students of color will constitute a majority of the public school enrollment; on the other hand, most early childhood and elementary teachers remain monolingual, white, middle-class females (Hussar & Bailey, 2019). The demographic mismatch between students and teachers presents a critical concern for teacher preparation programs (Banks et al., 2005; Gay, 2018; Muñiz, 2019). Therefore, this study proposed that understanding the relationship between pre-service teachers\u27 epistemological beliefs and their culturally responsive classroom management self-efficacy illustrated factors that may improve their teaching concept toward diversity. The study also evaluated whether early childhood (PreK-3) pre-service teachers held different personal epistemologies of teaching and culturally responsive classroom management self-efficacy beliefs than elementary (K-5) pre-service teachers. Lastly, the study explored factors that may contribute to pre-service teachers\u27 personal epistemological beliefs of teaching and their self-efficacious beliefs about culturally responsive classroom management. The study used the explanatory sequential mixed-methods design that contained two phases. In Phase I, 111 pre-service teachers completed two surveys: the teachers\u27 Personal Epistemologies of Teaching Scale (PT-PETS) and the Culturally Responsive Classroom Management Self-Efficacy scale (CRCMSE). In Phase II, six pre-service teachers participated in semi-structured interviews. The results indicated no significant linear correlation between pre-service teachers\u27 sophisticated personal epistemological beliefs and their confidence in employing culturally responsive classroom management. In addition, the integration of the quantitative and the qualitative data demonstrated that pre-service teachers held sophisticated personal epistemological beliefs of teaching. They also showed different confidence levels about applying culturally responsive classroom management. A two-way ANOVA revealed that only semester level significantly affected the PT-PETS scores, where pre-service teachers in the seventh semester performed better than those in the fifth semester. The current study illustrated various positive and negative factors that may influence pre-service teachers\u27 epistemological beliefs of teaching and their self-efficacious beliefs in culturally responsive classroom management, which may provide insight for teacher preparation programs

The datafication of nature: data formations and new scales in natural history

In this essay, I consider the scales and connections lost and gained as natural history adopts digital data infrastructures. On the basis of ongoing work in the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin, I track the relations between insect specimens and their material and digital informational ecologies. Using Latour's notion of the ‘circulating reference’, I follow the insect specimens as they make their way into taxonomies, databases, and digitization apparatuses. In focusing on human-data mediations in museum practices of ordering, describing, and distributing specimens, I show how the datafication of nature makes present conventionally dissociated contexts, including German colonialism. Proposing the concept of a data formation, I suggest that ethnographers have much to contribute in bringing forward the sociocultural and historical specificities and contingencies within data.Peer Reviewe

Local and Global Uniqueness Theorems of the N-th Order Partial Differential Equations

In this paper, we consider inequalities in which the function is an element of n-th partially order space. Local and Global uniqueness theorem of solutions of the n-the order Partial differential equation Obtained which are applications of Gronwall's inequalities

Synthetic studies towards multichromophore arrays

The overall aim of this project was to investigate strategies for linking macrocyclic chromophores to form arrays. Firstly the aim was to link a porphyrin to a triphenylene through phenyl alkynes. Interestingly, this study discovered a mesogenic dibromtetramethoxy triphenylene – the least heavily substituted triphenylene liquid crystal reported to date. The results of this investigation, however, show that, in general, it was challenging to force the reaction between porphyrin and triphenylene components to form acetylene links. Dimerization of the acetylene components was observed as the predominant reaction in all cases. However, it was possible to isolate a porphyrin-triphenylene dyad structure. The second aim of this study was to investigate the synthesis of novel chromophore dyads and triads 102, 104 and 134 which are based on porphyrin and tetrabenzotriazaporphyrin (TBTAP) components. The first aim was to synthesise porphyrin–phenyl-TBTAP 102. A precursor porphyrin bearing aminoisoindoline functionality was successfully prepared. However, it could not be converted to either the porphyrin–phenyl-TBTAP 102 dyad or porphyrin-azaBODIPY-porphyrin triad 134. On the other hand, the suggested strategy towards the synthesis of porphyrin-TBTAP dyads linked through flexible chains (104) remains promising. Magnesium TBTAB-OH 135 was synthesised as one important reactant. However, the unfortunate choice of bromododecyloxyporphyrin 141, meant the synthesis of the desired dyad could not be achieved within this project because it could not be separated from excess dibromododecane. However, simple modification of the strategy (e.g using bromododecanol) will allow the compounds to be prepared in the future

Types of Task Scheduling Algorithms in Cloud Computing Environment

Cloud computing is one of the most important technologies used in recent times, it allows users (individuals and organizations) to access computing resources (software, hardware, and platform) as services remotely through the Internet. Cloud computing is distinguished from traditional computing paradigms by its scalability, adjustable costs, accessibility, reliability, and on-demand pay-as-you-go services. As cloud computing is serving millions of users simultaneously, it must have the ability to meet all users requests with high performance and guarantee of quality of service (QoS). Therefore, we need to implement an appropriate task scheduling algorithm to fairly and efficiently meet these requests. Task scheduling problem is the one of the most critical issues in cloud computing environment because cloud performance depends mainly on it. There are various types of scheduling algorithms; some of them are static scheduling algorithms that are considered suitable for small or medium scale cloud computing; and dynamic scheduling algorithms that are considered suitable for large scale cloud computing environments. In this research, we attempt to show the most popular three static task scheduling algorithms performance there are: first come first service (FCFS), short job first scheduling (SJF), MAX-MIN. The CloudSim simulator has been used to measure their impact on algorithm complexity, resource availability, total execution time (TET), total waiting time (TWT), and total finish time (TFT)