Fatty acid bioaccessibility and structural breakdown from in vitro digestion of almond particles.

Previous studies have shown that the size of almond particles influences lipid bioaccessibility during digestion. However, the extent of structural breakdown of almond particles during gastric digestion and its impact on lipid bioaccessibility is unclear. In this study, in vitro digestion of almond particles was conducted using a dynamic model (Human Gastric Simulator) and a static model (shaking water bath). Structural breakdown of particles during the gastric phase occurred only in the Human Gastric Simulator, as evidenced by a reduction in particle size (15.89 ± 0.68 mm2 to 12.19 ± 1.29 mm2, p < 0.05). Fatty acid bioaccessibility at the end of the gastric phase was greater in the Human Gastric Simulator than in the shaking water bath (6.55 ± 0.85% vs. 4.54 ± 0.36%, p < 0.01). Results showed that the in vitro model of digestion which included peristaltic contractions (Human Gastric Simulator) led to breakdown of almond particles during gastric digestion which increased fatty acid bioaccessibility

Recycling of mine wastes as raw materials for the construction sector: Solutions based on materials circularity and sustainable resource governance

The mining industry in general, and the phosphate industry in specific is an important mainstream in terms of waste rocks as it generates huge amounts of waste rocks and tailings during their activities. As a matter of example, the phosphate mining in Morocco produces amounts up to 150 million tons or even more of waste rocks and tailings each year. Non-polluting mine wastes (Tailings and waste rock) must be regarded as an opportunity to create new value. The reuse of these wastes, depending on their chemical, mineralogical and geotechnical properties, as alternative raw material in construction and building materials field constitutes a promising environmental solution. The main objective of our studies in Morocco was to investigate the feasibility of using non-polluting mine wastes to produce materials especially for the construction sector, such as using phosphate mine wastes as cementing materials, as additives in mortars or concrete, or as raw materials for bricks, ceramics and geopolymers or aggregates for roads construction and B25 concrete. The phosphate waste rock has to be classified in the category of natural aggregates that are similar to conventional materials. Laboratory and pilot scale investigations demonstrated that recycling mine wastes from may be feasible. The presentation will be focused mainly will be focused mainly on the valorization of phosphate waste rock an alternative aggregate in the construction sector. In addition, Jerada coal mine wastes recycling investigate the use of an integrated and circular approach based on coal recovery and waste rock recycling as alternative clays and aggregates (gravel and sand) in the construction sector. Froth flotation was used to recover coal particles using diesel as a collector and Methyl Isobutyl Carbinol as a frother. The tailings of coal flotation process (CFT) were used to manufacture fired bricks at a pilot scale. Then, gravel and sand obtained after a CMWR screening were tested as alternative materials for concrete production. The choice of the construction sector is based on its capacity to absorb huge quantity of materials

Estimation of TNF- α and LDH in Chronic Periodontitis Patients in Mosul

The objective of the study is to estimate salivary concentration of TNF-α and LDH level in chronic periodontitis and control group, and correlate them with periodontal parameters. The study group consisted of 44 patients suffering from chronic periodontitis, aging between ≤16-45 years old and 40 control samples collected from healthy individuals ranged between 16-40 years old .Chronic periodontitis was assessed on the basis of several periodontal parameters, including probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), bleeding on probing  (BOP) and plaque index (PI). 5ml of unstimulated saliva was collected from patients and control groups to measure salivary biomarkers by ELISA technique. the mean concentrations of TNF-α in the study and control groups were (6.9pg/ml) and (5.6 pg/ml) respectively, data analysis showed no significant difference between the two groups (P< 0.05), and the mean LDH level in chronic periodontitis was (7.7855) and in control group the mean was (0.5555)   and the difference was highly significant )p≤ 0.000). Salivary TNF-α and LDH showed positive correlation with clinical periodontal parameters

Variation in morphology and branching pattern of superior mesenteric artery

The anatomical variations of superior mesenteric artery branches are common. In this study we reported an extraordinary morphology and branching of superior mesenteric artery, during our routine dissection of a 38-year-old Sudanese male cadaver, where the superior mesenteric artery forms an arch over the confluence of inferior vena cava and left renal vein. Other variations observed were: 1) The superior mesenteric artery shares the same origin of coeliac trunk; 2) The unusual origin of right hepatic artery. We think that the knowledge of these variations plays an important role in conducting and planning of radiological and surgical procedures especially in hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery. Morphology and branching patterns of this artery is anecdotic, which makes this case the most unique

Ligamentum flavum cyst in the lumbar spine: a case report and review of the literature

Degenerative changes in the lumbar spine can be followed by cystic changes. Most reported intraspinal cysts are ganglion or synovial cysts. Ligamentum flavum pseudocyst, as a cystic lesion in the lumbar spine, is a rare and unusual cause of neurologic signs and symptoms and is usually seen in elderly persons (due to degenerative changes). They are preferentially located in the lower lumbar region, while cervical localization is rare. Complete removal of the cyst leads to excellent results and seems to preclude recurrence. We report the case of a right-sided ligamentum flavum cyst occurring at L3–L4 level in a 70-year-old woman, which was surgically removed with excellent postoperative results and complete resolution of symptoms. In addition, we discuss and review reports in the literature

Uji Kualitatif Boraks dan Formalin pada Bakso yang Dijual di Kecamatan Limboto Kabupaten Gorontalo

The aim of this study is to detect borax and formalin in meatballs that sold in Limboto, Gorontalo district. This is a descriptive qualitative study. Thirty-three samples were taken randomly from pushcart and restaurant meatball in Limboto. It used simple technic where using turmeric to detect borax and potassium permanganate (KMnO4) to detect formalin. The result showed that the samples were free from borax but twenty five samples (75.75%) were positive for formalin. In conclusion, the produsen of meatballs in Limboto was not using borax for making the chewable meatballs but using formalin to preserve the meatballs

Problems of Bacteriological Pollution in Water Wells in Wadi Hadramout Water Project

This paper presents an existing problem of drinking water pollution for a small project and one of the model projects of drinking water in Yemen, designed to save and preserve good quality water for the present and future generations in the area. The paper gives the details of the project and explains the problem of bacteriological pollution and the steps undertaken to solve the problem. Some of the results for short-term solutions and recommendation for the long-term solutions are also given

Comprehensive review of morphological adaptations and conservation strategies of cactiform succulents: A case study of Euphorbia species in arid ecosystems

Cactiform succulents, belonging to the Euphorbia genus, are distinctive species found in the arid and semi-arid ecosystems of Macaronesia and the Arabian Peninsula. Resembling cacti in appearance, they exhibit unique morphological characteristics, such as succulent, green-stemmed structures with ribs, accompanied by a pair of stipular spines. These plants have evolved to thrive in well-draining substrates, including both surface and rocky soils, potentially as an adaptive strategy to combat edaphic drought conditions. Although initially associated solely with arid and desert environments, it is important to note that these cactiform succulents are not exclusively specialized for prolonged dry periods. Rather, they demonstrate morphological adaptations that help them endure arid conditions. The primary objective of this review is to provide an up-to-date synthesis of knowledge concerning cactiform succulents within the Euphorbia genus. It aims to underscore their capacity to flourish in both arid and semi-arid zones, while underscoring the pressing conservation challenges that threaten these plants with degradation and potential extinction. The prevailing climatic conditions, marked by extended and recurrent droughts exacerbated by escalating temperatures, climate fluctuations, and escalating human impact, collectively pose a formidable obstacle to conserving these cactiform succulents and their respective ecosystems. All these threats jeopardize these invaluable natural resources, which hold multifaceted significance spanning environmental, socio-economic, and medicinal domains

Serum Cytokines Profiles and Some Salivary Parameters in Chronic Periodontitis Patients in Mosul - Iraq

The aim of study is to measure serum IL-1 ?, IL-6, IL-8, IFN-? and TNF-? levels, and some of salivary parameters like sIgA, total protein and peroxidase specific activity in patients with chronic periodontitis in Mosul and compared them with control group. The study population consisted of 91 patients suffering from chronic periodontitis, aging between ?18-73 years old and 18 control samples collected from healthy individuals ranged between 23-35 years old. Blood and saliva samples were collected from patients and control groups to measure serum IL-1?, IL-6, IL-8, IFN-? and TNF-? ,and salivary sIgA , total protein levels and peroxidase specific activity . In the present study most of patients were showed localized chronic periodontitis, ranging from severe 57% to moderate infection 43%.Salivary sIgA level showed significant increase in chronic periodontitis comparing with control group.Patients group showed significance correlation between serum TNF-? with serum IL-1?, IL-6 and IFN-? levels. Also serum IL-1? level showed significant correlation with salivary sIgA and total protein levels. Furthermore negative correlations were detected between salivary sIgA and serum IL-8, as well asbetween salivary total protein and peroxides specific activity. According to periodontal pocket depth, serum IL-1?, IFN-?, salivary sIgA levels and salivary peroxidase specific activity showed significance increase in patients with 7mm pocket depth. In the present study, most of patients showed localized chronic periodontitis. Salivary sIgA level showed significant increase in chronic periodontitis comparing with control group. Serum IL-1?, IFN-?, salivary sIgA levels and salivary peroxidase specific activitywere linked with 7mm periodontal pocket depth