The early evolutionary history of neo-sex chromosomes in Neotropical grasshoppers, Boliviacris noroestensis (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Melanoplinae)

Neo-sex chromosomes are an important component of chromosome variation in Orthoptera, particularly South American Melanoplinae species, which have proven to be outstanding experimental model system to study the mechanism of sex chromosome evolution in this group of insects. In terms of their origin, most derived sex chromosome mechanisms involve a Robertsonian fusion (i.e. translocation) between the ancestral X chromosome and an autosome. In the grasshopper, Boliviacris noroestensis Ronderos & Cigliano (1990) (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Melanoplinae), our results point to a small degree of differentiation (conserved homology between the XR arm and the neo-Y) of the neo-XY chromosomes, which may be of recent evolutionary origin. However, a simple centric fusion model does not explain their origin, mainly because of the observed reduction in the fundamental number (FN) of arms. We propose two models which, we hope, clarify the genesis of B. noroestensis neo-sex chromosomes. Records of karyotype variation in related species due to multiple rearrangements support our models. We propose a possible adaptive advantage for neo-sex chromosome carriers, such changes perhaps representing the primary force that increases their frequency within natural populations compared with non-fused translocated forms, and occurring without apparent detriment to the microevolutionary forces that may also act, at least at the beginning of the evolutionary history of individuals bearing such neo-sex chromosomes.Fil: Castillo, Elio Rodrigo Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas; ArgentinaFil: Taffarel, Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas; ArgentinaFil: Marti, Dardo Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas; Argentin

Seismic vulnerability assessment of clustered historical centers: fragility curves based on local collapse mechanisms analyses

open5noProtection and preservation of minor historical centres against earthquakes effects are not trivial tasks, particularly in the cases, quite common, of complex aggregate buildings. The paper aims at evaluating the seismic vulnerability of historical clustered buildings on a urban scale, through the analysis of local collapse mechanisms, carried out with a parametric approach. This procedure is applied to four historical centres of L’Aquila province struck by the 2009 earthquake. The identification of the significant parameters is related to the definition of representative typologies within the city centres. Each typology is characterized by recurring features, mainly recognizable with a survey performed outside the buildings. After the identification of the relevant aspects, local mechanisms of collapse analyses are carried out, by varying the parameters between defined range of values, in order to take into account possible uncertainties in the data collection. A set of fragility curves for each identified typology is defined and the obtained results are compared to the damage data gathered in the post-earthquake phase for the buildings. This approach allows for possible extensions to buildings that may be included in the typology categories here defined.openTaffarel, S.; Caliman, M.; Valluzzi, M.R; da Porto, F.; Modena, C.Taffarel, Sabrina; Caliman, M.; Valluzzi, MARIA ROSA; DA PORTO, Francesca; Modena, Claudi

Atividades corporais aquáticas em especial o mergulho e o desenvolvimento do psiquismo

El presente estudio se sitúa entre los que investigan el desarrollo del psiquismo, resaltando el papel de la educación escolar y el acceso al conocimiento clásico sobre las actividades corporales acuáticas, y entre ellas el buceo, en el desarrollo de los procesos funcionales, a través de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de contenidos nucleares en la escuela. Objetivo: Analizar el desarrollo del psiquismo a la luz de la psicología histórico-cultural y proponer el trato con el conocimiento clásico sobre actividades acuáticas, en especial el buceo, a la luz de la pedagogía histórico-crítica, defendiendo este conocimiento como nuclear en el currículo escolar, en los estudios sobre la relación "ser humano-agua", para la elevación de la capacidad teórica de los estudiantes, a través de la metodología de la enseñanza critico-superadora.This study is among those that investigate the development of the psyche, highlighting the role of school education and access to classical knowledge about aquatic body activities, including diving, in the development of functional processes, through the teaching and learning of nuclear contents in school. Objective: Analyze the development of psychism in the light of historical-cultural psychology and propose the treatment of classical knowledge about aquatic activities, especially diving, in the light of historical-critical pedagogy, defending this knowledge as a core in the curriculum school, in the studies on the relationship "human being-water", for the elevation of the theoretical capacity of students, through the methodology of critical-superior teaching.O presente estudo situa-se entre os que investigam o desenvolvimento do psiquismo ressaltando o papel da educação escolar e o acesso ao conhecimento clássico sobre as atividades corporais aquáticas, e dentre elas o mergulho, no desenvolvimento dos processos funcionais, através do ensino e da aprendizagem de conteúdos nucleares na escola. Objetivo: Analisar o desenvolvimento do psiquismo à luz da psicologia histórico-cultural e propor o trato com o conhecimento clássico sobre atividades aquáticas, em especial o mergulho, a luz da pedagogia histórico-critica, defendendo este conhecimento como nuclear no currículo escolar, nos estudos sobre a relação “ser humano-água”, para a elevação da capacidade teórica dos estudantes, através da metodologia do ensino critico-suparadora.peerReviewe

Seismic vulnerability assessment on a territorial scale based on a Bayesian approach

Italian historical centres are mostly characterized by aggregate buildings. As defined by the Italian codes (Norme Tecniche per le Costruzioni 2008 and Circolare n. 617), the analysis of the most representative local mechanisms of collapse must be performed in order to assess their vulnerability. In this article, the out-of-plane local mechanisms of collapse analysis is implemented by applying a new method of analysis based on a probabilistic approach. Usually information which are necessary for the implementation of the local mechanisms analyses are affected by uncertainty or are missing, therefore in lots of cases it is only possible to hypothesize them on the basis of the other buildings information collected during the on-site survey. In this context, the implementation of a Bayesian approach allows to deduce buildings lacking information (i.e. wall thickness and interstorey height) starting from certain collected data (i.e. facades height). The historical centre of Timisoara (Romania) is selected as the case study for the implementation of this new method of analysis, given the extension of the on-site survey already carried out in the area (information about more than 200 structural units have been collected) and the seismic vulnerability assessment on an urban scale already performed by applying a traditional method. Results obtained by adopting the two approaches are then compared and a validation and a calibration of the new one is carried out

The application of a Bayesian approach to assess the seismic vulnerability of historical centers

The seismic vulnerability of historical centers at a territorial scale cannot be assessed performing detailed analysis which are usually adopted at the single building scale. In fact, a traditional complete survey would be extremely time-consuming and not sustainable for this purpose. The approach described in this paper is based on the idea that it is possible to infer quantities which cannot be directly detected from buildings outside inspection starting from parameters that can be measured. In order to achieve this purpose, a Bayesian approach is applied, updating initial hypotheses when new data become available. In this context, the procedure herein proposed aims at applying a probabilistic approach instead of a deterministic one to define facades inter-storey height starting from buildings height knowledge. In order to validate the method, for out of plane local mechanisms of collapse (walls overturning), horizontal loads multiplier \uf0610 values are calculated and compared to results obtained by using data collected on-site

Atividades corporais aquáticas em especial o mergulho e o desenvolvimento do psiquismo

El presente estudio se sitúa entre los que investigan el desarrollo del psiquismo, resaltando el papel de la educación escolar y el acceso al conocimiento clásico sobre las actividades corporales acuáticas, y entre ellas el buceo, en el desarrollo de los procesos funcionales, a través de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de contenidos nucleares en la escuela. Objetivo: Analizar el desarrollo del psiquismo a la luz de la psicología histórico-cultural y proponer el trato con el conocimiento clásico sobre actividades acuáticas, en especial el buceo, a la luz de la pedagogía histórico-crítica, defendiendo este conocimiento como nuclear en el currículo escolar, en los estudios sobre la relación "ser humano-agua", para la elevación de la capacidad teórica de los estudiantes, a través de la metodología de la enseñanza critico-superadora.This study is among those that investigate the development of the psyche, highlighting the role of school education and access to classical knowledge about aquatic body activities, including diving, in the development of functional processes, through the teaching and learning of nuclear contents in school. Objective: Analyze the development of psychism in the light of historical-cultural psychology and propose the treatment of classical knowledge about aquatic activities, especially diving, in the light of historical-critical pedagogy, defending this knowledge as a core in the curriculum school, in the studies on the relationship "human being-water", for the elevation of the theoretical capacity of students, through the methodology of critical-superior teaching.O presente estudo situa-se entre os que investigam o desenvolvimento do psiquismo ressaltando o papel da educação escolar e o acesso ao conhecimento clássico sobre as atividades corporais aquáticas, e dentre elas o mergulho, no desenvolvimento dos processos funcionais, através do ensino e da aprendizagem de conteúdos nucleares na escola. Objetivo: Analisar o desenvolvimento do psiquismo à luz da psicologia histórico-cultural e propor o trato com o conhecimento clássico sobre atividades aquáticas, em especial o mergulho, a luz da pedagogia histórico-critica, defendendo este conhecimento como nuclear no currículo escolar, nos estudos sobre a relação “ser humano-água”, para a elevação da capacidade teórica dos estudantes, através da metodologia do ensino critico-suparadora.peerReviewe

Contributions of the Linguistic Documentation to the Strengthening of the Ikpeng Language at School

In this paper, we present the activities and products developed during the Ikpeng language documentation project that contributed to the strengthening of the teaching of mother language of this indigenous society at the school, a space in which the use and teaching of the Portuguese language predominates. The Ikpeng linguistic documentation process was set within the Projeto de Documentação de Línguas Indígenas (PRODOCLIN), promoted by Museu do Índio/FUNAI, in partnership with UNESCO, during the period from 2009 to 2012. Among the main contributions of the documentation project are a sociolinguistic diagnosis, the creation of a lexical database, the elaboration of a descriptive grammar of the Ikpeng language, the publication of a monolingual book of traditional narratives and training courses in linguistics for indigenous teachers. The products resulting from the documentation were developed based on the demands of the school context of the Ikpeng society, to preserve and value the language and ancestral memories of this indigenous society. The Ikpeng language is spoken by the homonymous people, who live in the Parque Indígena do Xingu – MT.In this paper, we present the activities and products developed during the Ikpeng language documentation project that contributed to the strengthening of the teaching of mother language of this indigenous society at the school, a space in which the use and teaching of the Portuguese language predominates. The Ikpeng linguistic documentation process was set within the Projeto de Documentação de Línguas Indígenas (PRODOCLIN), promoted by Museu do Índio/FUNAI, in partnership with UNESCO, during the period from 2009 to 2012. Among the main contributions of the documentation project are a sociolinguistic diagnosis, the creation of a lexical database, the elaboration of a descriptive grammar of the Ikpeng language, the publication of a monolingual book of traditional narratives and training courses in linguistics for indigenous teachers. The products resulting from the documentation were developed based on the demands of the school context of the Ikpeng society, to preserve and value the language and ancestral memories of this indigenous society. The Ikpeng language is spoken by the homonymous people, who live in the Parque Indígena do Xingu – MT

CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE LINGUISTIC DOCUMENTATION TO THE STRENGTHENING OF THE IKPENG LANGUAGE AT SCHOOL

In this paper, we present the activities and products developed during the Ikpeng language documentation project that contributed to the strengthening of the teaching of mother language of this indigenous society at the school, a space in which the use and teaching of the Portuguese language predominates. The Ikpeng linguistic documentation process was set within the Projeto de Documentação de Línguas Indígenas (PRODOCLIN), promoted by Museu do Índio/FUNAI, in partnership with UNESCO, during the period from 2009 to 2012. Among the main contributions of the documentation project are a sociolinguistic diagnosis, the creation of a lexical database, the elaboration of a descriptive grammar of the Ikpeng language, the publication of a monolingual book of traditional narratives and training courses in linguistics for indigenous teachers. The products resulting from the documentation were developed based on the demands of the school context of the Ikpeng society, to preserve and value the language and ancestral memories of this indigenous society. The Ikpeng language is spoken by the homonymous people, who live in the Parque Indígena do Xingu – MT

Comportamento meteorológico e sua influência na vindima de 2010 na Serra Gaúcha.

Nota Técnica