Can we be satisfied with our football team? Evidence from spanish professional football.

This paper assesses the sporting performance of Spanish professional football teams at competition level, namely, League, King’s Cup and European competitions (Champions League and UEFA Cup). Then, the gap between the result obtained by a team in a given competition and that expected according to its potential is used as a proxy of the degree of satisfaction that fans should feel: the narrower the gap the greater the level of satisfaction. Regarding methodology, Data Envelopment Analysis techniques and directional distance functions are used. Results reveal that most teams perform rather differently across competitions, the lower average performance corresponding to the King’s CupSpanish football League; specific-competition performance; Data Envelopment Analysis.

DOES SERVICE QUALITY MATTER IN MEASURING PERFORMANCE OF WATER UTILITIES?

Quality is a dimension of water services that has been repeatedly omitted in the study of performance of water utilities. In this paper, we make use of Data Envelopment Analysis techniques (DEA) to compute both conventional quantity-based and quality-adjusted indicators of technical efficiency for a sample of Spanish water utilities. The key assumptions are that a lack of quality (bad quality) can be regarded as a bad output, and the existence of a trade-off between quantity and quality. Our main results indicate that quality matters in measuring technical performance, the difference between conventional and quality-adjusted evaluations representing the opportunity cost of maintaining quality. Averages and distribution functions significantly differ between both assessments of performance, although water utilities do not seem to rank differently.water utilities; quality; Data Envelopment Analysis.

The importance of time in referee home bias due to social pressure. Evidence from Spanish football

This paper analyses referee home bias due to social pressure with data from the matches played in the First Division of the Spanish football league between the 2002/03 and 2009/10 seasons. Finally, our main conclusion is that the time the referee has to make a decision does affect the final outcome; while there is no referee home bias when a free kick is awarded, in the case of booking players, when the referee has more time to make a decision, social pressure can influence the final outcome in favour of the home team.Social pressure; crowd effect; referee home bias; sports economics.

Can we be satisfied with our football team? Evidence from spanish professional football

This paper assesses the sporting performance of Spanish professional football teams at competition level, namely, League, King’s Cup and European competitions (Champions League and UEFA Cup). Then, the gap between the result obtained by a team in a given competition and that expected according to its potential is used as a proxy of the degree of satisfaction that fans should feel: the narrower the gap the greater the level of satisfaction. Regarding methodology, Data Envelopment Analysis techniques and directional distance functions are used. Results reveal that most teams perform rather differently across competitions, the lower average performance corresponding to the King’s Cup

Does service quality matter in measuring performance of water utilities?

Quality is a dimension of water services that has been repeatedly omitted in the study of performance of water utilities. In this paper, we make use of Data Envelopment Analysis techniques (DEA) to compute both conventional quantity-based and quality-adjusted indicators of technical efficiency for a sample of Spanish water utilities. The key assumptions are that a lack of quality (bad quality) can be regarded as a bad output, and the existence of a trade-off between quantity and quality. Our main results indicate that quality matters in measuring technical performance, the difference between conventional and quality-adjusted evaluations representing the opportunity cost of maintaining quality. Averages and distribution functions significantly differ between both assessments of performance, although water utilities do not seem to rank differently

La re victimización en la sala de entrevista única - Cámara Gesell - Lima

El presente trabajo de investigación, analiza, estudia la adecuada aplicación de la Guía de Procedimientos para la Entrevista Única de Niños, Niñas y Adolescentes víctimas del Abuso sexual, explotación sexual y trata con fines de explotación sexual, por parte de Jueces y Fiscales en las instalaciones de la Sala de Entrevista Única - Cámara Gesell de Lima. Determinar si en esta práctica, existen deficiencias legales en la norma y consecuencias psicológicas en el menor. Evaluar la declaración del menor, rendida en presencia del Fiscal, la misma que cumplió con las formalidades para su ejecución. Sin embargo se observa que el Juez vuelve a ordenar, que se realice una nueva declaración a la víctima en la Sala de Entrevista Única, basándose en la discrecionalidad de juzgar. Generando así una afectación emocional al menor, porque volverá a recordar los hechos. Determinándose un conflicto entre el derecho, vulnerándose también así el Principio de Interés Superior del Niño

The importance of time in referee home bias due to social pressure: evidence from spanish football

The importance of time in referee home bias due to social pressure. Evidence from Spanish football Abstract: This paper analyses referee home bias due to social pressure with data from the matches played in the First Division of the Spanish football league between the 2002/03 and 2009/10 seasons. Finally, our main conclusion is that the time the referee has to make a decision does affect the final outcome; while there is no referee home bias when a free kick is awarded, in the case of booking players, when the referee has more time to make a decision, social pressure can influence the final outcome in favour of the home team

Gestión del despacho fiscal y calidad de atención en el distrito fiscal de Lima Norte, 2022

Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo principal determinar la relación entre la Gestión del Despacho Fiscal y la Calidad de Atención en la Sede del Distrito Fiscal de Lima Norte, 2022. Para lograr este objetivo se diseñó un plan metodológico que respondía a la naturaleza del estudio. La investigación fue de enfoque cuantitativo y tipo básica, diseño no experimental, transversal – correlacional. Tuvo como población a 400 usuarios de una Sede del Distrito Fiscal de Lima Norte Especializada en Violencia Contra la Mujer y los Integrantes del Grupo Familiar. La muestra se conformó por 197 usuarios. Se recolectó información a través de dos cuestionarios uno de ellos fue adaptado del modelo SERVQUAL. Que concluyó que existe relación significativa entre la gestión del despacho fiscal y la calidad de atención en la sede del distrito fiscal de lima norte. Lo cual implica que, si se gestiona de manera más eficiente, la calidad de atención será percibida como buena, sin que ello implique causalidad. Esto en debido a que el valor de la significancia p = ,000 < ,050 y Rho = ,863 que describe un nivel de relación positiva muy fuerte entre las variables

Comparative transcriptional survey between laser-microdissected cells from laminar abscission zone and petiolar cortical tissue during ethylene-promoted abscission in citrus leaves

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Abscission is the cell separation process by which plants are able to shed organs. It has a great impact on the yield of most crop plants. At the same time, the process itself also constitutes an excellent model to study cell separation processes, since it occurs in concrete areas known as abscission zones (AZs) which are composed of a specific cell type. However, molecular approaches are generally hampered by the limited area and cell number constituting the AZ. Therefore, detailed studies at the resolution of cell type are of great relevance in order to accurately describe the process and to identify potential candidate genes for biotechnological applications.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Efficient protocols for the isolation of specific citrus cell types, namely laminar abscission zone (LAZ) and petiolar cortical (Pet) cells based on laser capture microdissection (LCM) and for RNA microextraction and amplification have been developed. A comparative transcriptome analysis between LAZ and Pet from citrus leaf explants subjected to an <it>in-vitro </it>24 h ethylene treatment was performed utilising microarray hybridization and analysis. Our analyses of gene functional classes differentially represented in ethylene-treated LAZ revealed an activation program dominated by the expression of genes associated with protein synthesis, protein fate, cell type differentiation, development and transcription. The extensive repertoire of genes associated with cell wall biosynthesis and metabolism strongly suggests that LAZ layers activate both catabolic and anabolic wall modification pathways during the abscission program. In addition, over-representation of particular members of different transcription factor families suggests important roles for these genes in the differentiation of the effective cell separation layer within the many layers contained in the citrus LAZ. Preferential expression of stress-related and defensive genes in Pet reveals that this tissue is likely to be reprogrammed to prevent pathogen attacks and general abiotic stresses after organ shedding.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The LCM-based data generated in this survey represent the most accurate description of the main biological processes and genes involved in organ abscission in citrus. This study provides novel molecular insight into ethylene-promoted leaf abscission and identifies new putative target genes for characterization and manipulation of organ abscission in citrus.</p

Legislative reforms and market dynamics in the provision of urban water service by private contract operators in Spain

Most research on water poverty focuses on developing countries. However, research is also needed in developed countries, where water may be too expensive for some households. This paper examines the case of Spain, using data from 16 cities that combined are home to 35% of the Spanish population. We study both national and local systems of regulation and governance. The objective is to determine whether low-income families face a genuine threat of exclusion from water supply. To this end, we analysed whether the Spanish legal framework allows that water supply is cut off for non-payment of the bill. We also did different estimates of the percentage of the family income spent on the water bill, which in some cases can surpass 10%. The estimates account for tariff discounts, as well as assistance programmes available to those who are struggling to pay their water bill. Although there is no problem of affordability for an average Spanish family in general, we conclude that families at risk of poverty face a real threat of exclusion from water services because they are not able to pay for them and the institutional framework does not sufficiently protect them.European Regional Development FundSpanish Agencia Estatal de InvestigaciónGeneralitat ValencianaGeneralitat de CatalunyaGovernment of Andalusi