Matar por diversión y poder en la frontera

Sabemos que en el país siempre a existido una economía muy baja ,que a llevado a las personas a migrar de su país .Mediante esta gran demanda de migrantes que tratan de ingresar diariamente por la frontera de México Estados Unidos, aparecen grupos de personas que se dedican al narcotráfico de drogas o los mismos coyoteros los cuales secuestran a los migrantes, cuando están en la frontera para que trabajen para ellos o son violados o asesinados. Partiendo de esta situación que se vive en la frontera diariamente quiero realizar una instalación artística con la utilización de un video juego on-line llamado policías de la frontera que esta en red desde el 2002 este juego fue diseñado por un grupo llamado zine14.com. El objetivo del juego se trata de matar a migrantes que intentan cruzar la frontera de México y Estados Unidos, en el juego se puede ver a una mujer embarazada y sus dos hijos un mexicano y narcotraficantes el cual tienen que cruzar por el desierto y por un rio. Checa es considerada, un pueblo de personas que emigran hacia los Estados Unidos y este migrante tuvo que a ver pasado por la frontera ,una vez instalado el objetivo es que la gente juegue, con esto tratare de crear sensaciones y reacciones en cada uno des los participantes de una manera irónica y a la vez (divertida) de lo que la gente muere por intentar cruzar la frontera por lograr un sueño americano.Licenciado en Artes VisualesCuenc

Influence of Particle Size on Optical Constants From Pellets Measured With Terahertz Pulsed Spectroscopy

Particle size is shown to influence both the overall value and the measurement precision of the refractive index and absorption coefficient of a sample diluted with high density polyethylene (HDPE) powder and compressed in a pellet. However, excessive grinding of a sample before it is mixed with HDPE powder can result in the formation of large particle clusters. These aggregates can induce internal scattering of the terahertz pulse within the pellet as well as lead to different mechanical properties of the pellet, which may change the distribution of air pores. These phenomena result in extracted optical constants with low accuracy and precision. The present work introduces a simple experimental procedure to improve the precision and accuracy of optical constants from spectroscopic pellets. This procedure consists of moderately grinding the sample powder in fine HDPE powder with a pestle and mortar. The standard deviation of the refractive index of Prussian blue has been observed to reduce from 0.14 to 0.02 following this procedure

Estudio de la situación socio-lingüística de la vitalidad de kichwaanálisis de caso en la comunidad Pataló Alto, provincia de Tungurahua

This research project emphasized in the analysis of two very important factors, first, the attitude towards language and culture (psycho-sociolinguistic factor) and the second, about the level of the language domain (linguistic factor), these Elements contribute to determine the vitality of the Kichwa language in the population of the community San José de Pataló Alto of the town Chibuleo, province of Tungurahua. The research is based on the related theories that indicate several authors to understand about the subject of the study, and contributes to establish the pertinent theoretical foundation, also the field investigation allowed to know the reality of the community through analysis of the results provided by The indigenous community population. Another fundamental element is the methodology that allows to plan the techniques and the instruments that were applied during the investigation, for the compilation of the field information, its respective analysis and information of the appointments of each one of the items. Once the pertinent information has been collected and according to the analysis of data collected, it is concluded that there is a high valuation of the mother tongue by the community. This means that the Kichwa language is still valid at an oral level. However, it is necessary to promote the strengthening of the language by proposing some proposals for written processes and formal situations.Este proyecto de investigación enfatizó en el análisis de dos factores muy importantes, en primer lugar, la actitud hacia la lengua y la cultura (factor psico-sociolingüístico) y el segundo, sobre el nivel del dominio de la lengua (factor lingüístico), estos elementos contribuyen a determinar la vitalidad de la lengua kichwa en la población de la comunidad San José de Pataló Alto del pueblo Chibuleo, provincia de Tungurahua. La investigación está fundamentada en las teorías relacionadas que indican varios autores para comprender sobre el tema del estudio, y contribuye a establecer la fundamentación teórica pertinente, además la investigación del campo permitió conocer la realidad de la comunidad a través de análisis de los resultados proporcionados por la población indígena comunitaria. Otro elemento fundamental es la metodología que permite planificar las técnicas y los instrumentos que se aplicaron durante la investigación, para la recopilación de la información de campo, su respectivo análisis e información de las citas de cada uno de los ítems. Una vez recabada la información pertinente y de acuerdo al análisis de datos recolectados, se concluye que existe alta valoración de la lengua materna por parte de la comunidad. Esto significa que el idioma kichwa sigue vigente a nivel oral. Sin embargo, es necesario impulsar el fortalecimiento de la lengua mediante el planteamiento de algunas propuestas para los procesos escritos y situaciones formales

Contrast in Terahertz Images of Archival Documents—Part I: Influence of the Optical Parameters from the Ink and Support

This study aims to objectively inform curators when terahertz time-domain (TD) imaging set in reflection mode is likely to give well-contrasted images of inscriptions in a complex archival document and is a useful non-invasive alternative to current digitisation processes. To this end, the dispersive refractive indices and absorption coefficients from various archival materials are assessed and their influence on contrast in terahertz images from historical documents is explored. Sepia ink and inks produced with bistre or verdigris mixed with a solution of Arabic gum or rabbit skin glue are unlikely to lead to well-contrasted images. However, dispersions of bone black, ivory black, iron gall ink, malachite, lapis lazuli, minium and vermilion are likely to lead to well-contrasted images. Inscriptions written with lamp black, carbon black and graphite give the best imaging results. The characteristic spectral signatures from iron gall ink, minium and vermilion pellets between 5 and 100 cm−1 relate to a ringing effect at late collection times in TD waveforms transmitted through these pellets. The same ringing effect can be probed in waveforms reflected from iron gall, minium and vermilion ink deposits at the surface of a document. Since TD waveforms collected for each scanning pixel can be Fourier-transformed into spectral information, terahertz TD imaging in reflection mode can serve as a hyperspectral imaging tool. However, chemical recognition and mapping of the ink is currently limited by the fact that the morphology of the document influences more the terahertz spectral response of the document than the resonant behaviour of the ink

Teachers’ Perception Towards Factors Influence Online Teaching Readiness

In response to COVID - 19 pandemic, the schools urgently transitioned from traditional teaching to online teaching. Teachers were forced to quickly adapt to the new learning pedagogy. This study aims to investigate teachers’ perception toward factors that influence online teaching readiness using competency aspects, institutional support and computer anxiety as predictors. Samples were collected through online survey from 172 private school teachers. Multiple linear regression was used to test the hypotheses. The results revealed that linear combination of independent variables was statistically significant to online teaching readiness F (6,171) = 18.01, p = <.001), however individual analysis shows different results, among four competencies, time management is the strongest predictor of online teaching readiness whereas, computer anxiety was the second strongest. The remaining construct did not significantly influence online teaching readiness. Further analysis and review of previous literatures reveals that four-competencies used in this study has mixed results compared to findings of previous literature using same construct. The mixed results of competency variables could be attributed to variation of characteristics of the population. The researcher recommends to further explore other constructs such as institutional aspect towards online teaching readiness as well as the influence of cultural context as the mediating factor

Selected Applications of Terahertz Pulses in Medicine and Industry

This article contains a brief summary of areas where terahertz technology is making an impact in research and industrial applications. We cover some of its uses in the pharmaceutical setting, where both imaging and spectroscopy play important roles. Medical applications are also being pursued in many research laboratories, primarily for imaging purposes and following on from the first results just over 20 years ago. The three-dimensional imaging capability of pulsed terahertz allows for the observation of tumours below the surface of tissue, such as basal cell carcinoma of skin. The recent use of the technology in studies of cultural heritage has shown to increase our understanding of the past. The power of terahertz is exemplified by the discussion on its importance in different industries, such as semiconductor circuit manufacturing and automotive assembly

Efeito de agentes que mimitizam algumas características iniciais da Doença de Alzheimer sobre parâmetros de função astrocítica e no processamento amiloide em culturas primárias de astrócitos

Os astrócitos são as células mais numerosas do sistema nervoso central, disfunções dessas células estão relacionas ao desenvolvimento de doenças neurodegenerativas. A doença de Alzheimer é a doença neurodegenerativa mais comum e costuma ser diagnosticada em estágios mais avançados, onde os pacientes já apresentam prejuízo cognitivo e perda de memória. Fisiologicamente a doença de Alzheimer é caracterizada pela formação de placas amiloides, devido ao acúmulo de peptídeo βA e formação de emaranhados neurofibrilares, resultantes da hiperfosforilação da proteína neuronal tau. Muitos estudos relacionam o início do desenvolvimento da doença com a presença de outras patologias e disfunções. Um dos fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento da doença de Alzheimer é o diabetes mellitus tipo 2, que entre outras alterações, aumenta a glicação de proteínas, o que pode ser mimetizado in vitro pelo metilglioxal (MG), que é um composto propagador de reações desse tipo. Sabe-se também que nos estágios iniciais da doença de Alzheimer pode ocorre uma diminuição do metabolismo de glicose no sistema nervoso central, ou ainda o desenvolvimento de inflamação, fenômenos que podem ser induzidos em astrócitos in vitro por exposição a fluorocitrato (FC) e lipopolissacarídeo (LPS), respectivamente. Um dos modelos animais da doença de Alzheimer esporádica mais usados é o de administração intracerebroventricular de estreptozotocina (STZ), composto que induz o desenvolvimento de alterações patológicas características desta doença. A deposição das placas amiloides ocorre pelo acúmulo do peptídeo β-amiloide após a clivagem da proteína precursora amiloide, através da ação da enzima β-secretase. Os astrócitos possuem enzimas que estão envolvidas na degradação deste peptídeo, como a neprilisina (NEP) e a enzima de degradação da insulina (IDE) e a redução da atividade destas duas enzimas já foi relacionada ao acúmulo de β-amiloide. Apesar disso, ainda não se sabe a relação entre os mecanismos envolvidos no aumento da produção do peptídeo com a diminuição de sua depuração. Dessa forma, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da exposição de agentes que mimetizam algumas características iniciais da doença de Alzheimer em astrócitos sobre parâmetros de função astrocítica, bem como a expressão das enzimas de degradação do peptídeo β-amiloide. As culturas primárias de córtex de ratos Wistar neonatos foram expostas a MG (5, 50 ou 500 µM), FC (1, 10 ou 100 µM), LPS (0,1; 1 ou 10 µg/mL) ou STZ (2,5; 25 ou 250 µM) e após 24h foram avaliados parâmetros astrocíticos e a expressão de proteínas relacionadas ao processamento amiloide. Nossos resultados mostraram que todos os insultos testados foram capazes, em diferentes concentrações, de diminuir a secreção da proteína S100B, aumentar o conteúdo de GFAP e aumentar a atividade de GS nas culturas de astrócitos. Entretanto, apenas LPS e STZ foram capazes, nas concentrações mais altas, de diminuir a expressão da enzima IDE e apenas a STZ aumentou a expressão de βA. Dessa forma mostramos que esses diferentes tipos de insultos (glicante, inflamatório ou metabólico) podem ter efeitos similares em astrócitos, ao menos no que se refere aos parâmetros astrocíticos avaliados, porém em relação ao processamento amiloide apenas o LPS e a STZ foram capazes de causar alterações.Astrocytes are the most numerous cells in central nervous system and dysfunction of these cells are related to development of neurodegenerative diseases. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common neurodegenerative disease and usually is diagnosed in more advanced stages, in which patients have cognitive impairment and memory loss. Physiologically, Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by amyloide plaques formation due to Aβ deposition and neurofibrillary tangles formation resulting from hyperphosphorylation of the neuronal protein tau. Many studies relate the beginning of the development of the disease with the presence of other pathologies and dysfunctions. Diabetes mellitus type 2 is a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease. Among other changes, the increase in protein glication can be mimic in vitro by methylglyoxal (MG), which is able to spread reactions of this type. It is known that in the pre-clinical phase of Alzheimer’s disease occur a decrease in central nervous system glucose metabolism and neuroinflammation, that can be induced in vitro by fluorocitrate (FC) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure, respectively. One of the animal models of sporadic Alzheimer’s disease most used is based on an intracerebroventricular streptozotocin (STZ) administration, which can induces the development of some characteristic pathologic alterations of this disease. Amyloide plate deposition occurs by Aβ peptide accumulation after cleavage of amyloid protein precursor, by β-secretase enzyme. Astrocytes are involved in this peptide degradation by neprilysin (NEP) and insulin degrading enzyme (IDE). The decrease of the activity of these enzymes have already be related to Aβ accumulation. Despite that it is still not known the relationship between the mechanisms involved in the increase of peptide production and its clearance. Thus, the objective of this work was evaluated the effects of mimicking agents of some initial characteristics of Alzheimer’s disease in astrocytes. Primary cultures of astrocytes were exposed to MG (5, 50 or 500 µM), FC (1, 10 or 100 µM), LPS (0,1, 1 or 10 µg/mL) or STZ (2,5, 25 or 250 µM) for 24 h before astrocytic parameters and amyloid processing proteins evaluation. Our data showed that all insults were capable of decrease S100B protein secretion, increase GFAP content and GS activity. However, only LPS and STZ could decrease IDE expression and only STZ could increase Aβ expression. Therefore, we showed that different insult (glycant, inflammatory or metabolic) can have similar effects in astrocytcic parameters, however in relation to amyloide processing, only LPS and STZ were able to cause changes

Efeito da Exposição a Ácidos Graxos em Cultura Primária de Astrócitos de Ratos Wistar

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Curtición de pieles de cabra, con el 15% de diferentes curtientes vegetales

En el Laboratorio de Curtiembre de Pieles de la FCP, de la ESPOCH, se realizó la curtición de pieles de cabra, con el 15% de diferentes curtientes vegetales, se utilizaron 3 tratamientos, 8 repeticiones dando un total de 24 unidades experimentales, las cuales fueron modelados bajo un Diseño Completamente al Azar simple. Al realizar la curtición de las pieles caprinas se determinó que el curtiente que proporciona mejores características es la tara, ya que el material producido permite la confección de artículos de primera clase. La estimación de las variables físicas estableció que la utilización del curtiente tara mejora significativamente la resistencia a la tensión (1814,30 N/cm2), porcentaje de elongación (50,62%), y resistencia a la abrasión en seco (225 ciclos). La evaluación de los sentidos permitió dar preferencia a los cueros curtidos con tara específicamente en lo que respecta a la llenura y blandura ya que se registro en las dos variables un valor de 4,63 puntos y condición excelente de acuerdo a la escala propuesta por Hidalgo, L (2016), así como también se observa la mejor redondez (4,75 puntos. El objetivo de utilizar curtientes vegetales están dirigidos hacia el control de los productos que aumentan la carga contaminante de los procesos de curtiembre sobre todo por el uso del cromo III. La evaluación económica determinó que la opción económicamente más rentable es la utilización del curtiente vegetal tara, ya que permite una ganancia del 31% (B/C=1,31), y sobre todo la recuperación del capital es más rápida y menos riesgosa.In the lab of tanning skins of FCP ( Livestock Science Faculty) of ESPOCH, the goatskin tanning, with 15% of different vegetable-tanned it was done, 3 treatments were used, 8 repetitions with a total of 24 experimental units, which were modelling under a completely design to simple random. Through the tanning goat skins it was determined that tanning agent that provides better characteristics is the tare, because the produced material allows the confection of first class articles. The estimation of physical variables established that the using of tare tanning improves deeply the resistance to the tension (1814,30 N/ cm2 ), elongation percentaje (50,62%), and resistance to the dry abrasion (225 cycles). The sences evaluation allowed giving preference to the tanned leathers with tare specifically respect to the fullness and softness since in both a value of 4,63 points was registered and excellent condition according to the scale proposed by Hidalgo, L (2016), and also the better roundness (4,75 points). The objective of using vegetable tanning is aimed to the control of products that increase the polluting charge of tanning processes above all for the use of chrome III. The economic evaluation determined that the most profitable option is the using of vegetable-tare tanning because it allows a profit of 31% (B/C= 1,31) and above all the recuperation of capital is most quickly and less risky