Efficacy and safety of garenoxacin tablets on clinically diagnosed atypical pneumonia: Postmarketing surveillance in Japan

We performed a postmarketing surveillance study to determine the efficacy and safety of the oral quinolone antibacterial agent garenoxacin (Geninax R Tablets 200 mg) against atypical pneumonia. Between October 2009 and July 2011, patients with community-acquired pneumonia visited 26 facilities in Japan; we collected survey forms from 105 of these patients who were suspected of having atypical pneumonia based on the Japanese Respiratory Society Guidelines for the Management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults. We examined the safety in 105 patients and the efficacy in 71 patients. 1. The efficacy rates among patients suspected of having atypical pneumonia and those with a confirmed diagnosis of atypical pneumonia were 94.8% (55/58 patients) and 92.3% (12/13 patients), respectively. The efficacy rate was 4/4 for patients in whom Chlamydophila pneumoniae was detected (including 1 patient with a polymicrobial infection with another bacterial strain) and 90% (9/10 patients) for patients in whom Mycoplasma pneumoniae was detected (garenoxacin was ineffective in 1 of 2 patients with a polymicrobial infection with another bacterial strain). 2. The incidence of adverse drug reactions (including abnormal laboratory tests) was 4.8% (5/105 patients). Among the adverse drug reactions, gastrointestinal disorders, infection and infestation, nervous system disorder, and skin and subcutaneous tissue disorder were observed in 2.9% of patients (3/105), 1.0% (1/105), 1.0% (1/105), and 1.0% (1/105), respectively. In conclusion, garenoxacin showed an efficacy rate of greater than 90% for suspected atypical pneumonia and confirmed atypical pneumonia. Garenoxacin is considered to be useful in daily practice

都市近郊の里山地域における地域協働型デザイン教育モデルの実践的構築

　本研究は、都市近郊に活用されないまま偏在する緩衝緑地、圃場、里山をフィールドとして、環境デザイン、プロダクト・インテリアデザイン、ソーシャルアートの見地から、持続可能な地域協働型のデザイン教育モデルを構築することを目的としている。　具体的には、研究学園都市周辺地域の荒廃した保安林や緑地、共生ゾーン集落の里山、国営明石海峡公園神戸地区、キーナの森公園、神出里づくり地域などの活用されないまま残る緑地、里山、圃場地等において、自然生態、歴史、文化、環境、空間、素材などの調査活動および、立地環境や整備派生材を生かしたワークショップの企画・運営を実践し、地域協働型のデザイン教育モデルを試行した 。　令和3年度においては、調査対象地における、①地理的・歴史的・文化的側面からのランドスケープおよび建造物調査、②樹木や希少植物などの植生調査を中心に、既存資料などの集約を行い、対象地の利用価値について検討する基礎資料を作成した。実証実験では、地域の教育機関と連携した体験学習会を実施したほか、大学・大学院授業において里山をテーマとした制作を行った。また、調査や実験のプロセス、結果をリアルタイムに映像化・可視化し、SNS等によって情報公開を行った。　The purpose of this research is to construct a sustainable collaborative regional design education model from the perspectives of environmental design, product and interior design, and social art, using buffer green spaces, fields, and satoyama, which remain unutilized and unevenly distributed in the urban suburbs, as fields.　In 2021, the project focused on (1) landscape and building surveys from geographical, historical, and cultural perspectives, (2) vegetation surveys of trees and rare plants,　and compiled existing materials to create basic data for　considering the us e value of the target sites. In the　demonstration experiment, hands on learning sessions were　conducted in collaboration with local educational institutions,　and satoyama themed productions were conducted in university and graduate school classes. In addition, the process and results of the surveys and experiments were visualized in real time and made public through SNS and other means

Insect and mite pests of pepino (Solanum muricatum Ait.) in Japan

To further increase the basic knowledge regarding the establishment of pest control for pepino (Solanum muricatum Ait.), we conducted surveys of pepino pests in Japan. Thirty-four insect and four mite species were recognized as pests of pepino plants in the present study. Including the results of previous studies, a total of 41 species of insects and mites have been reported as pests of pepino plants in Japan. Three species, namely onion thrips (Thrips tabaci), two-spotted spider mites (Tetranychus urticae), and cotton whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci), are likely the most important insect and mite pests of pepino plants, because they were collected from more than half of the study sites and were much more abundant on pepino plants than the other pest species

Incidence of pests and viral disease on pepino (Solanum muricatum Ait.) in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan

Figure 1 - Aerial photograph of the Atsugi Campus of Tokyo University of Agriculture (TUA) and surrounding residential quarters, with locations of the three survey plots (taken in 2007 by the Geospatial Information Authority of Japan)

Man\u27s place in hominoidea revealed by mitochondrial DNA genealogy

Molecular biology has resurrected C. Darwin and T.H. Huxley\u27s question about the origin of humans, but the precise branching pattern and dating remain controversial. To settle this issue, a large amount of sequence information is required. We determined mitochondrial (mt) DNA sequences for five hominoids; pygmy and common chimpanzees, gorilla, orangutan, and siamang. The common region compared with the known human sequence is 4759 by long, encompassing genes for 11 transfer RNAs and 6 proteins. Because of the high substitution rates in mammalian mtDNA and an unprecedentedly large region compared, the sequence differences clearly indicate that the closest relatives to human are chimpanzees rather than gorilla. For dating the divergences of human, chimpanzee, and gorilla, we used only unsaturated parts of sequence differences in which the mtDNA genealogy is not obscured by multiple substitutions. The result suggests that gorilla branched off 7.7 ± 0.7 million years (Myr) ago and human 4.7 ± 0.5 Myr ago; the time difference between these divergences being as long as 3 Myr