Modeling of biofilm structure using cellular automaton

Cellular automaton model has been elaborated for simulation microbial process in a biofilm. It was shown that the proposed algorithm gives possibility to obtain various structures of microbial biofilms, depending on operating conditions

ADVANTAGES OF THE APPLICATION OF FLUIDIZED BED BIOREACTORS TO A MICROBIOLOGICAL NITRIFICATION PROCESS

The paper presents application possibilities of two and three-phase fluidized bed bioreactors for carrying out a microbiological nitrification process. The advantages and disadvantages of individual bioreactors are described. A quantitative analysis of the fundamental operating variables related to the balance of oxygen and the preservation of the fluidized bed was performed

Studies of the magnetic axis switching in magnetite

The influence of the external magnetic field on magnetic and crystallographic structure of magnetite was studied. We have confirmed, by means of vibrating sample magnetometer measurements, that external magnetic field can switch the easy magnetic axis to the new crystallographic direction. We have also proved by the direct observation of the crystalline structure that this phenomenon is strictly related to the crystallographic structure relaxation

Intercalation-induced states at the Fermi level and the coupling of intercalated magnetic ions to conducting layers in Ni1/3_{1/3}NbS2_2

The magnetic sublayers introduced by intercalation into the host transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMD) are known to produce various magnetic states. The magnetic sublayers and their magnetic ordering strongly modify the electronic coupling between layers of the host compound. Understanding the roots of this variability is a significant challenge. Here we employ the angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy at various photon energies, the {\it ab initio} electronic structure calculations, and modeling to address the particular case of Ni-intercalate, Ni$_{1/3}$NbS$_2$. We find that the bands around the Fermi level bear the signature of a strong yet unusual hybridization between NbS$_2$ conduction band states and the Ni 3$d$ orbitals. The hybridization between metallic NbS$_2$ layers is almost entirely suppressed in the central part of the Brillouin zone, including the part of the Fermi surface around the $\mathrm{\Gamma}$ point. Simultaneously, it gets very pronounced towards the zone edges. It is shown that this behavior is the consequence of the rather exceptional, {\it symmetry imposed}, spatially strongly varying, {\it zero total} hybridization between relevant Ni magnetic orbitals and the neighboring Nb orbitals that constitute the metallic bands. We also report the presence of the so-called $\beta$-feature, discovered only recently in two other magnetic intercalates with very different magnetic orderings. In Ni$_{1/3}$NbS$_2$, the feature shows only at particular photon energies, indicating its bulk origin. Common to prior observations, it appears as a series of very shallow electron pockets at the Fermi level, positioned along the edge of the Brillouin zone. Unforeseen by {\it ab initio} electronic calculations, and its origin still unresolved, the feature appears to be a robust consequence of the intercalation of 2H-NbS$_2$ with magnetic ions.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures with subfigures, 53 references, supplemental material uploaded as the separate pdf fil

Extremes of vector-valued Gaussian processes: Exact asymptotics

Let {Xi (t), t ≥ 0}, 1 ≤ i ≤ n be mutually independent centered Gaussian processes with almost surely continuous sample paths. We derive the exact asymptotics of P (∃t∈[0,T ]∀i=1,...,n Xi(t) > ) as u → ∞, for both locally stationary Xi’s and Xi’s with a non-constant generalized variance function. Additionally, we analyze properties of multidimensional counterparts of the Pickands and Piterbarg constants that appear in the derived asymptotics. Important by-products of this contribution are the vector-process extensions of the Piterbarg inequality, the Borell–TIS inequality, the Slepian lemma and the Pickands–Piterbarg lemma which are the main pillars of the extremal theory of vector-valued Gaussian processes

CRIMINAL SECURITY AND UNEMPLOYMENT (RESEARCH ON THE SAFETY LEVEL IN THE DĄBROWA COUNTRY IN THE YEARS 2005-2014)

Security and a sense of security, are the most important human needs. It is the value of every human life that must be satisfied first. It can be understand not only as observance of public order and security, but also as a social security system, connected with social needs and risk of unemployment. One of the basic tasks of each country is to provide residents with public security, understood as the whole order in the state protecting the country and its citizens from dangerous phonomena to public order. In this article I will try to determine if there is a connection between security, a sense of security among the residents of the Dąbrowa disrict and appearing there the unemployment and criminality

Project portfolio management on the example of the commune office in Uście Gorlickie

Głównym celem niniejszej pracy była analiza procesu budowy portfela projektów w badanym urzędzie, którą w głównej mierze ukierunkowano na rozwiązanie postawionego w pracy problemu badawczego sprowadzającego się do ustalenia czy dobór projektów przez organizacje zbliża je do realizacji celów strategicznych. W pracy postawiono hipotezę, według której: Ramy programowe (cele i wymogi programów), w które wpisuje się dany projekt są jednym z głównych kryteriów wyboru projektów w organizacji. W celu weryfikacji hipotezy przeanalizowano dokumentację badanego urzędu oraz przeprowadzono wywiad z koordynatorem projektów. W wyniku przeprowadzonych badań ustalono jak przebiega proces doboru projektów w urzędzie, zarządzanie nimi oraz oceniono w jakim stopniu realizowane projekty spełniają cele strategiczne organizacji.The main objective of this study was to analyse the process of building of a portfolio of projects in the audited office. The analysis was aimed mainly at resolving of the problem posed in this research work and namely at determining of whether the selection of projects made by organizations approaches them to achievement of their strategic objectives . According to the study’s hypothesis : program frameworks (i.e. objectives and requirements of programs) of the given project are one of the main criteria for selection of projects by organisations. In order to verify the hypothesis, the author analysed the documentation of the audited office as well as interviewed the project coordinator . The studies determined how the process of selecting projects in the office and their management are organised but also assessed the extent to which projects meet the strategic objectives of the organisation