Study on nutrient supply in relation to feeding system of buffalo in Chitwan, Nepal

Livestock farming in Nepal, especially buffalo farming alone contributes a major share in livelihoods of farmers. Stall feeding of buffalo is common in Chitwan with occasional grazing. This raises questions about status of nutrients supplied to maintain productivity as feed resources varied in forest and crop land according to the season. A study was carried out in Chitwan from April 2015 to March 2016 to find out the status of nutrient supply in relation to the feeding system of buffalo. Total fifteen farms were selected from three villages, the amount of feedstuff fed to the animals was measured every month and the nutrient contents of the feed were analyzed. The mean concentrations of DM, CP, TDN, Ca and P were 641g/kg, 75.0 g/kg, 462 g/kg, 4.9 g/kg and 4.2 g/kg. A significant difference of CP contents among the villages was observed (72.0 g/kg, 70.7 g/kg and 81.2 g/kg (P<0.01), and the highest content of CP, TDN, Ca and P were found in July (P<0.05)). The study showed variation in nutrient supplied, irrespective of the status and condition of buffalo in the farms which need to be considered to maintain productivity of the animals

Effectiveness of an erbium-doped:yttrium, aluminum and garnet laser for treatment of peri-implant disease : clinical, microbiological, and biochemical marker analyses

The effectiveness of an erbium-doped: yttrium, aluminum and garnet (Er: YAG) laser (EYL) for the treatment of peri-implant disease (PID) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to compare non-surgical EYL therapy for PID with locally delivered minocycline hydrochloride (MC) ointment therapy by evaluating clinical, microbiological, and biochemical markers. Thirty-seven patients with PID were randomly assigned to either the EYL group (n = 18) or the MC group (n = 19). The clinical, microbiological, and biochemical markers at baseline and at 1 and 3 months after treatment were compared between the two groups. Subgingival plaque and peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) were collected from the diseased pockets. In the EYL group, probing pocket depth (PPD) was significantly decreased after treatment when compared with baseline. On the other hand, in the MC group, there was no significant decrease in PPD after treatment. Specific bacteria associated with PID were not determined. The counts of both Gram-positive and -negative species did not significantly decrease in the EYL group at 3 months after treatment. In the MC group, the counts of almost all bacterial species were significantly decreased after treatment. Biochemical marker analysis of PICF revealed significantly lower levels of metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 in the EYL group, as compared with the MC group at 3 months after treatment (p= 0.009). Non-surgical therapy with an EYL for PID was clinically effective, with decreased MMP-9 levels in PICF, which may lead to reduced peri-implant tissue destruction

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クロレラ藻体(Chlorella pyrenoidosa)より単離した二種の多糖CP-I([α]^_D+22.1゜)とCP-II([α]^_D+63.5゜)は, ゲル濾過で均一なパターン, そしてガラス繊維濾紙電気泳動で単一なスポットを示した。分子量はゲル濾過によって, CP-I, 38000;CP-II, 2800と推定された。CP-Iではglucose, fucose, rhamnose, galactose, mannoseが8.8 : 4.8 : 1.8 : 1.5 : 1.0のモル比で, そしてCP-IIではglucose, galactose, rhamnose, mannoseが18.3 : 4.7 : 3.0 : 1.0のモル比で構成されていた。メチル化分析, スミス分解, 及び^C-NMRの結果から, CP-IIは, 主としてα1→4結合のD-glucopyranose残基, 1→4,6結合のD-gIucopyranoseの分岐糖, 及び1→2,4結合のL-rhamnopyranose分岐糖よりなり, そして少量の1→2結合のD-mannopyranose(1→3結合のD-glucopyranose)残基と共に, 非還元末端のD-galacto-, D-gluco(manno)pyranose残基からなることが示された。両多糖はcarbon-clearance法において有意な細網内皮系賦活作用を示した。Two polysaccharides, CP- I ([α]^_D+22.1゜ ) and CP-II ( [a]^_D +63.5゜), isolated from Chlorella cells (Chlorella pyrenoidosa), showed homogeneous patterns on gel filtration, and one spot on glass-fiber electrophoresis. The molecular weights were estimated by gel filtration to be 38000 for CP- I and 2800 for CP- II ・ CP- I was composed of glucose, fucose, rhamnose, galactose and mannose in the molar ratios of 8.8 : 4.8 : 1.8 : 1.5 : 1.0,and CP-ll was composed of glucose, galactose, rhamnose and mannose in the molar ratios of 18.3 : 4.7 : 3.0 : 1.0. The results of methylation analysis, Smith degradation and^C-NMR spectroscopy indicated that CP-II was chiefly composed of α(1→4) linked D-glucopyranosyl residues, branched, (1→4,6) Iinked D-glucopyranosyl and (1→2,4) Iinked L-rhamnopyranosyl residues, and contained non-reducing terminal, D-galacto- and D-gluco (manno) pyranosyl residues, together with small amounts of (l→2) Iinked D-mannopyranosyl ((1→3) Iinked D-glucopyranosyl) residues. Both polysaccharides showed reticuloendothelial system-potentiating activity in a carbon-clearance test