Bird migration flight altitudes studied by a network of operational weather radars

A fully automated method for the detection and quantification of bird migration was developed for operational C-band weather radar, measuring bird density, speed and direction as a function of altitude. These weather radar bird observations have been validated with data from a high-accuracy dedicated bird radar, which was stationed in the measurement volume of weather radar sites in The Netherlands, Belgium and France for a full migration season during autumn 2007 and spring 2008. We show that weather radar can extract near real-time bird density altitude profiles that closely correspond to the density profiles measured by dedicated bird radar. Doppler weather radar can thus be used as a reliable sensor for quantifying bird densities aloft in an operational setting, which—when extended to multiple radars—enables the mapping and continuous monitoring of bird migration flyways. By applying the automated method to a network of weather radars, we observed how mesoscale variability in weather conditions structured the timing and altitude profile of bird migration within single nights. Bird density altitude profiles were observed that consisted of multiple layers, which could be explained from the distinct wind conditions at different take-off sites. Consistently lower bird densities are recorded in The Netherlands compared with sites in France and eastern Belgium, which reveals some of the spatial extent of the dominant Scandinavian flyway over continental Europe

EuReCa ONE—27 Nations, ONE Europe, ONE Registry A prospective one month analysis of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest outcomes in 27 countries in Europe

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of the EuReCa ONE study was to determine the incidence, process, and outcome for out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) throughout Europe.MethodsThis was an international, prospective, multi-centre one-month study. Patients who suffered an OHCA during October 2014 who were attended and/or treated by an Emergency Medical Service (EMS) were eligible for inclusion in the study. Data were extracted from national, regional or local registries.ResultsData on 10,682 confirmed OHCAs from 248 regions in 27 countries, covering an estimated population of 174 million. In 7146 (66%) cases, CPR was started by a bystander or by the EMS. The incidence of CPR attempts ranged from 19.0 to 104.0 per 100,000 population per year. 1735 had ROSC on arrival at hospital (25.2%), Overall, 662/6414 (10.3%) in all cases with CPR attempted survived for at least 30 days or to hospital discharge.ConclusionThe results of EuReCa ONE highlight that OHCA is still a major public health problem accounting for a substantial number of deaths in Europe.EuReCa ONE very clearly demonstrates marked differences in the processes for data collection and reported outcomes following OHCA all over Europe. Using these data and analyses, different countries, regions, systems, and concepts can benchmark themselves and may learn from each other to further improve survival following one of our major health care events

Observations radar de systèmes précipitants orographiques pendant l'expérience MAP

TOULOUSE3-BU Sciences (315552104) / SudocSudocFranceF

Le syndrome d'épuisement professionnel des soignants (possibilités d'application à l'officine)

NANCY1-SCD Pharmacie-Odontologie (543952101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Nowcasting Thunderstorm Hazards for Flight Operations: The CB WIMS Approach in FLYSAFE

This paper describes the development of the thunderstorm weather information management system “CB WIMS” within the European Integrated Project FLYSAFE and presents results from applications in case studies over the terminal manoeuvring area of airport Paris Charles de Gaulle

Fine scale simulations of the MAP-IOP2a precipitating system: comparison with radar data and sensitivity to the hail category

During Intensive Observing Periods (IOP) of the Mesoscale Alpine Programme (MAP, see Bougeault et al. 2001) a network of three Doppler radars was operated in the Lago Maggiore Target Area (LMTA). In the afternoon and evening of Sept. 17, 1999 (MAP-IOP2a), a major squall line formed on the foothills of the southeastward facing slopes of the Lago Maggiore region and intensified during its propagation to the east as a three-dimensional con­vective cluster. This intense orogenic system with lots of lightning impacts and precipitation amounts of more than 70 mm in 6 hours, was well observed by the radars. Additional polarimetric data from radar S-POL (NCAR) revealed rich regions of grau­pel/hail mixture in convective cells where the verti­cal velocity, w 2: 4 ms-1 and the radar reflectivity, Z 2: 45 dBZ (Tabary et al., 2001)

The convective storm system during IOP 2a of MAP: Cloud-to-ground lightning flash production in relation to dynamics and microphysics

This paper presents a study about correlation between cloud-to-ground lightning ash (CG) activity, and the dynamics and microphysics of thunderclouds. Data collected during Intense Observation Period (MAP IOP) 2a of the Mesoscale Alpine Programme Special Observing Period (SOP) over the Lago Maggiore Target Area (LMTA) in northern Italy are used. IOP 2a was the most electrically active period during the SOP, representing 75% of the total CG activity. Thunderclouds were strongly vertically developed (the 30 dBZ echo tops were sometimes higher than 12 km) and produced large amounts of rainfall and some hail. Doppler and polarimetric radar data allow us to retrieve the three-dimensional wind and radar-reflectivity fields from two synchronous Doppler radars, and particle-type fields in the thunderclouds from the S-Pol polarimetric radar. Both polarities of CGs are distinguished. Temporal and spatial relationships from the global activity over the LMTA are first studied. Then, the temporal correlation between CG rates and dynamics or microphysics for five individual cells is considered. A very strong correlation is observed between CG and the presence of a mixture of graupel and hail, which strongly supports a non-inductive charging mechanism. CG impacts seem to be located underneath large radar-reflectivity values and around the maximum vertical velocities. Two individual cells are studied in more detail, in order to better understand their different electrical behaviours: the first produced mainly negative CGs, and the second produced 61% positive CGs in the second phase of its lifetime. The association of positive CGs with severe weather and especially with the presence of hail is observed

Operational Multiple-Doppler Wind Retrieval Inferred from Long-Range Radial Velocity Measurements

International audienceThe recent deployment of an innovative triple pulse rise time (PRT) scheme within the French operational radar network allows for the simultaneous collection of reflectivity and radial velocity measurements up to a range of 250 km with no ambiguity. This achievement brings new perspectives in terms of operational exploitation of Doppler measurements including the capability to consistently perform multiple- Doppler wind synthesis in a fully operational framework. Using real and simulated Doppler observations, the authors show that the 3D wind fields retrieved in that framework can definitely be relied upon to achieve a consistent and detailed mapping of the airflow structure in various precipitation regimes despite radar baselines averaging _180 km and very limited scanning strategies. This achievement could be easily transposed to other operational networks and represents a remarkable opportunity to add further value to operational Doppler velocity measurements

Observation opérationnelle du vent 3D dans les nuages à partir des radars du réseau Aramis

Titre traduit en anglais : Operational wind retrieval using data of the French weather radar network, Aramis. Résume traduit en anglais : The recent upgrading of Aramis, the French radar network, has allowed the deployment of a new Doppler technique able to collect radial velocity together with reflexivity measurements up to 250 km from the radars. The availability of these longrange Doppler data opens the way to the implementation of a real-time operational set-up to retrieve 3D wind fields which is now being tested in the greater Paris area. The analysis of the wind fields retrieved within this operational set-up shows that reliable and potentially very useful information on the flow structure within precipitation systems are, as never before, obtained, and this, whatever type this system may have. Many applications, ranging from nowcasting to checking the numerical weather prediction model verification, are concerned with these progress.International audienceLa mise à niveau récente du réseau radar opérationnel français Aramis a autorisé le déploiement d'une nouvelle technique de traitement Doppler, permettant de collecter simultanément des mesures de vitesse radiale et de réflectivité jusqu'à 250 km des radars. La disponibilité de ces mesures Doppler à longue portée a ouvert la voie à la mise en place d'une chaîne temps réel de reconstruction du champ de vent 3D, qui est actuellement testée en région parisienne. L'analyse des champs de vent reconstitués dans ce cadre opérationnel montre qu'il est possible d'obtenir, comme jamais auparavant, des informations fiables et potentiellement très utiles sur la structure et les caractéristiques de l'écoulement au sein des systèmes précipitants et cela, quel que soit le régime considéré. De nombreuses applications, allant de la prévision immédiate à la vérification des modèles numériques de prévision du temps, sont concernées par ces avancées