Effect of Protein, Fat, and Both Protein and Fat on the Glycemic Response of a High Glycemic Index Meal

Research Focus: Elevated blood glucose (BG) levels from a diet high in refined carbohydrates, even in the absence of diabetes, may increase the risk for chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and obesity. The purpose of this study was to determine if supplementation of a high glycemic load breakfast with protein, fat, or a combination of the two attenuates the glycemic response in non-diabetic subjects. Research Methods: Thirteen healthy adults, age 24.7±4y, BMI 25.1±4.5 completed four trials, having fasted 8-12h for this randomized, double-blind crossover study. Fasting BG was measured, then subjects consumed 2 slices of white bread and 250mL of apple juice (60g carbohydrate) alone (control), or with an added protein (100kcal egg white), fat (100kcal butter), or protein+fat (50kcal egg white and 50kcal butter) within 15min, then repeated BG measurement at 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120min after baseline. ANOVA indicated that there was a difference in the time that BG peaked among the groups. Tukey’s post-hoc analysis indicated that BG peaked earlier for the added protein group compared to the added fat group (P=0.007). Research Results/Findings: The spike was not significantly different between the control and the treatments, and there were no differences in BG at the time points measured between the control and the treatments. The spike in BG (peak minus baseline) was significantly lower with added fat compared to added protein group (69.0±15.4 vs 46.9±13.0, respectively, P Conclusions from Research: The results of this study indicate that added protein in the form of egg white, added fat in the form of butter, and added protein and fat in the form of egg white and butter in an amount that adds 100 kcal does not attenuate the spike or overall glycemic response to an HGI meal. Added protein in the form of egg white results in a greater spike in BG compared to butter which could be from glucogenic amino acids in egg white. For this study, neither added protein or fat (or the combination of the two) blunted the glycemic response. This may be because the amount of added protein and fat used in this study was not adequate to result in a response. Additional research should be conducted to determine the types and amounts of added protein that are most effective in attenuating the glycemic response to an HGI meal

Nyctomyia biunguiculata, a new cavernicolous species of tribe Aedini (Diptera: Culicidae) from southern Thailand

Copyright © 2014 Magnolia Press. Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License [3.0] http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.

Study of Absorbance and Emissivity Solar Radiation by Clouds, Aerosols and Some Atmospheric Gases

The atmosphere consists of a quantity of clouds, aerosols, and gases. The solar radiation that reaches the earth's surface depends on this quantity. The amounts of solar radiation at the earth's surface are lower than the amounts of solar radiation reaching the upper surface of the atmosphere. The aim of this research is the study of absorbance and emissivity solar radiation by cloud, aerosols and methane gas. Data were taken by Top Solar Radiation (TSR), Surface Solar Radiation (SSR), Surface Thermal Radiation (STR), Surface Thermal Radiation Downward (STRD), Top Thermal Radiation (TTR), Albedo (AL), Total Cloud Cover (TCC), Aerosols Optical Depth at wavelength550nm (AOD550nm) and Methane (CH4) from satellites recorded by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) the choice of year is 2016 in Baghdad city (33.375°N-44.375°E). Where we studied the short and long-wave solar radiation and its relationship with a cloud, aerosol and methane gas during the hourly mean at the times 00:00 am-12:00 pm and a cycle in temperature variation. The results showed that at the time 00:00 am was inverse correlation coefficient highest was -0.9 and their positive correlation coefficient highest was 0.6 with CH4. where represent very high correlation then followed and clouds and aerosols. Absorption, emission, and albedo by clouds, aerosols, and gases depend on the quantity, abundance, composition, location, distribution, meteorological parameters and wavelength of each air component, as well as on the strength of the solar and the thermal radiation at the times 00:00 am-12:00 pm

The Relationship between Surface Soil Moisture with Real Evaporation and Potential Evaporation in Iraq

The aim of this research is to determine the relationship between surface Soil Moisture (SSM) of both Real Evaporation (E) and surface Potential Evaporation (SPE) for thirty years during the period of (1985-2014) for the eight stations (Sulaymaniya, Mosul, Tikrit, Baghdad, Rutba, Kut, Nukhayib, Basrah) in Iraq, from (NOAA) and taking advantage of some statistics such as the Simple Linear Regression (SLR) and the Spearman Rho test. Calculated the monthly average for Soil Moisture, Real Evaporation and Potential Evaporation, and found to increase the values of SPE in hot months and decreased in cold months while opposite to SM There was a strong inverse relationship between them, where the correlation coefficient was in Sulaymaniya -0.91, in Mosul -0.89, in the Rutba -0.92, in Tikrit -0.89, in Baghdad -0.89, in Nukhayib -0.89, in Kut -0.87, and in Basrah -0.83, and there is a high correlation in stations (Basrah, Kut, Nukhayib, and Rutba), while there is an average correlation in the stations (Baghdad and Tikrit), and there is low correlation in the stations (Sulaymaniya, Mosul), we also note an inverse correlation between RE and PE, where there is a low correlation in Sulaymaniya and medium correlation in the Mosul and Rutba stations, and there is a high correlation in the stations (Tikrit, Baghdad, Nukhayib, Kut, and Basrah)

The impact of the internet of things on information institutions from the perspective of library employees

The present paper addresses the role of the Internet of Things applications in supporting knowledge management activities in information organizations and so their services improve. To achieve this objective, the research adopts the descriptive approach through the investigation and analysis of the intellectual outcome published in the Arab and foreign countries to identify the relationship between the Internet of Things and knowledge management activities in information institutions. The results indicated that information institutions benefited from the Internet of things in tracking all the physical and intangible entities in these institutions and defining their locations in case of loss or replacement. Moreover, they could define the numbers of visitors, peak hour and the most used sources. Hence, they offered fast and interactive services that comply with the aspirations of the beneficiaries. The research recommends that various information institutions should take the initiative to benefit from the Internet of things applications that fulfill the new requirements of their beneficiaries

The Effect of using Iraqi Plaster with Type III Dental Stone as Investing Materials on the Vertical Dimension of Occlusion in Acrylic Resin Complete Dentures (A comparative Study)

Aim of study: The aim of this study was to evaluate the Iraqi plaster when used as investing material and studies its effect on the changes of vertical dimension of occlusion of heat cured acrylic resin complete dentures using four different investing methods in compression molding technique.Materials and methods: Forty acrylic resin complete dentures were prepared from heat-cure acrylic resin denture base. The study include 4 groups depending on the type of investing method, Group 1: plaster- stone- mixed, Group 2: plaster- stone- plaster, Group 3: plaster- mixed- mixed, Group 4: plaster- mixed - stone. Each group of them contains 10 dentures. Changes in occlusal vertical dimension were measured before and after denture processing. Collected data were analyzed with analysis of variance and Tukey's test at 95% level of confidence (p=0.05).Results: The mean of changes in dimension of occlusion in different groups were: group1: (0.6337mm), group2: (0.6253mm group3: (1.0171mm), and group4: (0.9837mm).Conclusion: Less dimensional changes was observed in the group of dentures that invested with plaster-stone- plaster when compare with other investing methods. Keywords: Iraqi plaster, stone, flasking, vertical dimension of occlusion

Molecular typing and integron detection of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates recovered from Baquba Teaching Hospital in Iraq

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a gram-negative bacterium that causes severe illnesses and is antibiotic-resistant. This study aimed to determine the antibiotic resistance profile and prevalence of classII and III Iintegrons and ERIC -PCR among clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae. The study was conducted between September 2022 and January 2023.  Fifty isolates were obtained from 230 specimens (wounds, burns, blood, fluid, ears,urine and sputum). Macroscopic, microscopic, and biochemical assays were used to identify all K.pneumoniae isolates, which were confirmed with the genetically by 16S rRNA. All isolates were examined for various types of clinically significant antibiotic drugs. The results of resistance to antibiotics indicated resistance to Amoxilline-clavulanc acid(98%),  Meropenem (38%), Ceftazidime (96%), Amikacin (48%), Trimethopri-sulfamethoxazole (58.62%) and Levofloxacin (46%).The testing for antibiotic susceptibility of the K.pneumoniaeisolate showed that 24 (48%)  of the isolates were multi-drug resistant (MDR). K.pneumoniae β-lactamase producers (ESBL) appeared33(66%). Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) amplification of 16 clinical K. pneumoniae isolates showed 14 (87.5 %)  of Each of them revealed at least one amplification band. ERIC-PCR typing found two groups, A and B, with identical antimicrobial resistance patterns within the same group. While IntegronII showed that 1(6.25 %) of K. pneumoniae isolates was integrase gene positive. Class III integrons were seen in all isolates at a rate of 16 (100%).Continuous monitoring and characterization of integrons and their associated gene cassettes could be helpful in controlling the rate of antibiotic resistance by planning to take preventive measures to hinder the spread of resistant strains

The role of digital content systems used in managing Arab academic scientific journals: An analytical study

The current research aims to highlight the role of digital content management systems adopted in the management of Arab scientific journals and to indicate its features and characteristics. As well as learning about the available global systems for managing the digital content of scientific journals. The researchers adopted the descriptive approach to achieve the objectives of the research, and the questionnaire was a data collection tool. The questionnaire was distributed to a proportional random sample that included (30) researchers who use digital content management systems for three research sample sites with two journals for each site. The journals are from the OJS platform (Professor for Humanities and Social Sciences and Al-Kufa Journal of Mathematics and Computer), the ASJP platform (the Algerian Journal of Social and Human Sciences, and the Review of Scientific and Technical Information), and the ARID platform (ARID International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, and the Arad International Journal of Sciences and technology). The research data was presented in the form of tables and graphs and analyzed statistically based on several methods. The research came out with several results, the most important of which is that the Algerian scientific journals website management system (ASJP) represents the best system for researchers to manage journals from the two systems (OJS, ARID)

Study of the Monthly and Annual Behavior of Temperature and its Impact on Climate Change in Iraq for the Period (1982-2012)

Temperature in Iraq is an important meteorological factors because of its great impact on the daily life of human in terms of health, work and others. This research aims at identifying and studying the climate change in the study stations and during the specific period of time and its future impact on the climate of Iraq. This study analyzes the behavior of monthly and annual temperature data obtained from the (ECMWF) for selected stations from Iraq (Mosul, Baghdad and Basrah), which represent (Northern, Middle and Southern) Iraq, respectively, for the period of one and thirty years (1982-2012) and found the relationship between the temperature with period of study from 1982 to 2012 using some statistical methods (SLR and Rsqr), The lowest monthly average of temperature was in DEC and the highest monthly average of temperature was in JUL in all stations of the study, and found that the lowest annual average of temperature was in 1992 and the highest annual average of temperature in 2010 and for all stations, and found that there is a change climate in the month of MAY of Spring and the month of SEP of the autumn with the summer months (JUN, JUL and AUG), and found that there is a clear increase in the annual average temperature during the study period, where the Rsqr for Mosul station was (R2=0.4), Baghdad station was (R2=0.5) and Basrah station was (R2=0.4), with the possibility of dividing study stations (Mosul, Baghdad and Basrah) into three regions climate in terms of total annual average of temperature (low, high, and very high) respectively, and Predictability of future drought in Iraq

Evaluation of Drought Characteristics in Iraq using SC-PDSI

Evaluation of drought characteristics in Iraq by analysis annual growing season of Self-Calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Index (SC-PDSI) for three climatic zones using run theory method. The efficiency of SC-PDSI for drought monitoring was examined from compared with Rainfall Departure from the mean (RD) for three zones (Arid and Semi-Arid, Steppes and Desert) for the period 1981-2015, were derived from Climatic Research Unit (CRU). The spatial interpolation techniques in ArcGIS package has been used, to cover the whole extent of country and extracting the zones. Statistical methods were applied to compute the probability of drought events at every zone. The results showed the years 1999, 2000, 2008 and 2009 experienced droughts in all zones except the desert zone where was experienced severe drought in 2012, while the years 1982 and 1988 experienced received precipitation above-average in all zones. The values of standard deviation of precipitation were compared with precipitation anomalies for each zone, the drier seasons are (2007-2008) and (1998-1999) in all Zones. The wetter seasons are (1987-1988) in Arid and Semi-Arid and Steppes zone, (1994-1995) and (1997-1998) are wetter seasons in Desert zone. Using run theory, the steppes zone have experienced more severe droughts than other zones evaluated in this study and the most susceptible areas to dry spell are steppes and Arid and Semi-Arid Zones during study period. While the desert zone experienced less droughts