The metabolic basis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: 2011 report of the “metabolic” workgroup of the Fondation Yves Cotrel

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this review is to elucidate the metabolic processes involved in the pathogenesis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) in light of research by the present authors as well as current literature. METHODS: Pathogenetic mechanism

Inhibition of platelet function by GSTM1-null human peripheral lymphocytes exposed to benzo(a)pyrene-induced challenge

Recent epidemiological studies proposed that the glutathione S-transferase (GST) M1-null genotype may contribute to diseases associated with oxidative stress. The genetic polymorphism exhibited by the GSTM1 may be an important factor in risk toward oxidant chemicals. In this study, we investigated the effect of GSTM1-null genotype in lymphocyte and oxidative stress-dependent inhibition of platelet aggregation. To determine whether GSTM1 deficiency is a genetic determinant of cell toxicity toward oxidant chemicals, lymphocytes were incubated in vitro with low levels of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), cumene hydroperoxide (CumOOH), or trans-stilbene oxide that do not decrease cell viability, and were assessed for oxidative damage and for the lymphocyte-dependent inhibition of platelet response. Malondialdehyde and carbonyl levels, and the oxidation of cis-parinaric acid, were used as biomarkers of oxidative stress in lymphocytes. Following stimulation by BaP or CumOOH, when peroxidation-dependent changes in these parameters were compared between the GSTM1-null genotype and the positive genotype, no significant differences were found between the two genotypes. On the other hand, preincubation of the lymphocytes with BaP or CumOOH attenuated their inhibitory action on ADP-induced platelet aggregation. However, our results indicate that lymphocytes of individuals with the GSTM1-null genotype have greater inhibitory activity on platelet function after exposure to BaP, but not CumOOH, although they are not more susceptible to in vitro oxidative stress

The left anterior descending artery arising from the right sinus of Valsalva: A case report

Coronary artery anomalies occur in less than 1% of patients who undergo coronary angiography and they account for 1% to 2% of all cases of congenita heart disease. The most commonly encountered anomaly, the circumflex artery originating from the right coronary artery or the right sinus of Valsalva, is usually well tolerated. The patient in the case presented here was found to have a left anterior descending artery arising from the right sinus of Valsalva - a situation that is very rarely encountered