The Vulnerability of the Acetabulofemoral Joint: Examining Acetabular Labral Tears in Classical Ballet Dancers

The acetabulofemoral joint, more commonly referred to as the hip joint, is an extremely important mechanism of the human body. It plays a crucial role in a person’s ability to sit and stand, walk and run, jump and crouch, and more. Not only this, but the hip joint bears most of the weight of the body, making it necessary for the joint and surrounding anatomical structures to be strong and stable. Fortunately, hip joints are built in a way that allows for an extreme range of motion while simultaneously providing support for the rest of the body. Additionally, the ball-and-socket construction of the hip joint makes it possible to flex and extend, abduct and adduct, and rotate the legs. In other words, the legs are able to move in nearly every direction, including forward and backward as well as outward and inward, and also rotate externally and internally. Composed of bones, cartilage, muscles, ligaments, tendons, and a synovial membrane, the hip joint is required to be a well-oiled machine; however, the structural complexity and physical demand of the hip joint can make it susceptible to inflammation, degeneration, and chronic and acute injuries. Athletes, who naturally demand more from their bodies, place even more pressure on the hip joints. Classical ballet in particular requires the complex acetabulofemoral joint to move in every conceivable direction. As such, classical ballet dancers can become more prone to acetabular labral tears, a chronic, degenerative condition that affects the cartilage between the acetabulum and femoral head. Although such an injury can be treated conservatively or more aggressively—with arthroscopic surgery—dancers value every possible second of dancing, so to what extent can classical ballet dancers with acetabular labral tears safely manage their pain without the need for arthroscopic surgery

The Vulnerability of the Acetabulofemoral Joint: Examining Acetabular Labral Tears in Classical Ballet Dancers

The acetabulofemoral joint, more commonly referred to as the hip joint, is an extremely important mechanism of the human body. It plays a crucial role in a person\u27s ability to sit and stand, walk and run, jump and crouch, and more. Not only this, but the hip joint bears most of the weight of the body, making it necessary for the joint and surrounding anatomical structures to be strong and stable. Fortunately, hip joints are built in such a way that allow for an extreme range of motion while simultaneously providing support for the rest of the body. Additionally, the ball-and-socket construction of the hip joint makes it possible to flex and extend, abduct and adduct, and rotate our legs. In other words, the legs are able to move in nearly every direction, including forwards and backwards, outwards and inwards, and also rotate externally and internally. Comprised of bones, cartilage, muscles, ligaments, tendons, and a synovial membrane, the hip joint is required to be a well-oiled machine. However, the structural complexity and physical demand of the hip joint can make it susceptible to inflammation, degeneration, chronic, and acute injuries. Athletes, who naturally demand more from their bodies, place even more pressure on the hip joints. Classical ballet in particular requires the complex acetabulofemoral joint to move in every conceivable direction. As such, classical ballet dancers can become more prone to acetabular labral tears, a chronic, degenerative condition that affects the cartilage between the acetabulum and femoral head. While the injury can be treated conservatively or more aggressively-with arthroscopic surgery-dancers value every possible second of dancing. So, to what extent can classical ballet dancers with acetabular labral tears safely manage their pain without the need for arthroscopic surgery

Vaginal breech delivery - still an option? : Neue Erkenntnisse in Bezug auf das neonatale Outcome von termingeborenen Einlingen nach vaginaler Beckenendlagegeburt im Vergleich zur primären Sectio nach Veröffentlichung der Term Breech Trial

Hintergrund: Der empfohlene Geburtsmodus eines Kindes in Beckenendlage wird beinahe seit einem halben Jahrhundert kontrovers diskutiert. Um der neonatalen Morbidität und Mortalität entgegenzuwirken, tendieren einige bisher veröffentlichte Studienresultate zur Empfehlung systematischer Schnittentbindung bei Beckenendlage. Ziel: Das Hauptziel dieser Arbeit besteht darin, die Studienergebnisse bezüglich des neonatalen Outcomes von termingeborenen Einlingen in Beckenendlage in Bezug auf den Geburtsmodus zu vergleichen, um herauszufinden, ob eine vaginale Geburt eine vertretbare Option darstellt. Methode: Zur Beantwortung der Fragestellung wird in drei Datenbanken anhand spezifischer "Keywords" nach relevanter Literatur für die Bachelorarbeit recherchiert. Unter Berücksichtigung zuvor festgelegter Ein- und Ausschlusskriterien beschränkt sich die Arbeit auf sechs Studien. Die Diskussion der Thematik erfolgt unter Einbezug von Sekundärliteratur und Expertenmeinungen. Relevante Ergebnisse: Obwohl die Studienresultate darauf hinweisen, dass nach vaginaler Beckenendlagegeburt tiefere APGAR-Werte und vereinzelt pH-Werte < 7,05 sowie neonatale Traumata ermittelt werden können, unterscheidet sich das neonatale Outcome nach Vaginalgeburt im Vergleich zur geplanten Sectio bei Beckenendlage am Termin bezüglich Mortalität und Morbidität nicht signifikant. Schlussfolgerung: Nach fachlich versierter Selektion von fetalen und maternalen Risikofaktoren stellt eine vaginale Geburt in Beckenendlage am Termin, begleitet durch ein erfahrenes geburtshilfliches Team, eine vertretbare Option dar

Antimony uptake by Zea mays (L.) and Helianthus annuus (L.) from nutrient solution

We investigated the extent of Sb uptake by maize (Zea mays) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus) from nutrient solutions containing concentrations from 3 to 24mg/L of potassium antimonate, with the aim of determining the potential of Sb to enter the food chain. The maximum shoot Sb concentrations in Z.mays and H.annuus were 41mg/kg and 77mg/kg dry weight, respectively. There was no significant difference in Sb uptake between species. The average bioaccumulation coefficients (the plant/solution concentration quotients) were 1.02 and 1.93 for Z.mays and H.annuus, respectively. Phosphate addition did not affect plant growth or Sb uptake. Antimony uptake by both Z.mays and H.annuus is unlikely to pose a health risk to animals and human

Determinants of Attitudes toward Affirmative Action in a Swiss Sample

162 Swiss employees were surveyed to assess knowledge of and attitudes toward different types of affirmative action programs (AAPs) for women. Findings show that knowledge of AAPs was limited and AAPs were most frequently associated with child care measures. Attitudes toward opportunity enhancement programs, especially toward child care, were more positive than toward preferential selection and positive discriminatory programs. Women held more positive attitudes toward AAPs. However, for some attitudes, gender differences were entirely mediated by symbolic prejudice toward working women. Independently of gender, symbolic prejudice was a key predictor of all attitudes. Measures of self-view (self-esteem and gender self-concept) were largely unrelated to attitudes toward AAPs. Implications for research and organizations are discusse

Isoform-specific, Semi-quantitative Determination of Highly Homologous Protein Levels via CRISPR-Cas9-mediated HiBiT Tagging.

Many protein families consist of multiple highly homologous proteins, whether they are encoded by different genes or originating from the same genomic location. Predominance of certain isoforms has been linked to various pathological conditions, such as cancer. Detection and relative quantification of protein isoforms in research are commonly done via immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry, or immunofluorescence, where antibodies against an isoform-specific epitope of particular family members are used. However, isoform-specific antibodies are not always available, making it impossible to decipher isoform-specific protein expression patterns. Here, we describe the insertion of the versatile 11 amino acid HiBiT tag into the genomic location of the protein of interest. This tag was developed and is distributed by Promega (Fitchburg, WI, USA). This protocol describes precise and specific protein expression analysis of highly homologous proteins through expression of the HiBiT tag, enabling protein expression quantification when specific antibodies are missing. Protein expression can be analyzed through traditional methods such as western blotting or immunofluorescence, and also in a luciferase binary reporter system, allowing for reliable and fast relative expression quantification using a plate reader. Graphical overview

Iso-duration determination of D´ and CS under laboratory and field conditions

Whilst Critical Speed (CS) has been successfully translated from the laboratory into the field, this translation is still outstanding for the related maximum running distance (D´). Using iso-duration exhaustive laboratory and field runs, this study investigated the potential interchangeable use of both parameters, D´ and CS. After an incremental exercise test, ten male participants (age: 24.9±2.1 yrs; height: 180.8±5.8 cm; body mass: 75.3±8.6 kg; V ̇O2peak 52.9±3.1 mL∙min-1∙kg-1) performed three time-to-exhaustion runs on a treadmill followed by three exhaustive time-trial runs on a 400 m athletics outdoor track. Field time-trial durations were matched to their respective laboratory time-to-exhaustion runs. D´ and CS were calculated using the inverse-time model (speed=D´/t+CS). Laboratory and field values of D´ and CS were not significantly different (221±7 m vs. 225±72 m; P = 0.73 and 3.75±0.36 m∙s-1 vs. 3.77±0.35 m∙s-1, P = 0.68), and they were significantly correlated (r = 0.86 and 0.94). The 95% LoA were ±75.5m and ±0.24 m∙s-1 for D´ and CS, respectively. Applying iso-durations provides non-significant differences for D´ and CS and a significant correlation between conditions. This novel translation testing method can consequently be recommended to coaches and practitioners, however a questionable level of agreement indicates to use D´ with caution

Design of Roads in Harmony with Wildlife

Abstract‘Procedures for the Design of Roads in Harmony with Wildlife’ or ‘Harmony’ is a project that aims to develop sustainable solutions to road transport challenges that are in harmony with wildlife. This paper summarises Harmony's work in the areas of Environmental Legislation and Guidelines, Project Appraisal, and Procurement Practices. The project mainly focuses on practices in the eight reference countries of Ireland, the United Kingdom, Belgium, the Netherlands, Hungary, Austria, Sweden and Denmark.A review of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Appropriate Assessment (AA) is carried out. As part of this review, a database of over 80 Environmental Impact Statements (EIS) and Appropriate Assessment reports is analysed to identify the similarities and differences between countries in the implementation of the duties required by EU Environmental Legislation. It is found that the degree of implementation under the headings considered varies greatly between countries. It is concluded that increased guidance on monitoring be provided in all countries.Project Appraisal for transport infrastructure is the process of assessing whether capital expenditure is justified for a project and ensuring that it is allocated to the best transport solution to achieve the objectives of that project whilst complying with planning policy and national and EU legislation. The project appraisal methodologies used in the reference countries are compared with the aim of identifying a set of tools to enable rational and sensible decisions to be made. The approach used in the UK is recommended for adoption by all Member States.This paper then examines existing approaches to the procurement of road constructions in the reference countries. The different types of contracts used for procurement are described and the benefits and disadvantages of different contract types are discussed. Recommendations are then made as to which contracts are the most favourable for ensuring the environmental commitments of the Environmental Impact Statement are carried out. Early contractor involvement as well as construction contracts that incorporate maintenance, with monitoring, for an extended period afterwards were cited as key recommendations to ensure a good outcome for wildlife