CONTRIBUTION A LA MULTIPLICATION, PAR GRAINES ET PAR BOUTURAGE DE SEGMENTS DE TIGES ET DE RACINES, DE TROIS FRUITIERS SPONTANES DE LA REGION DES SAVANES AU TOGO : HAEMATOSTAPHIS BARTERI HOOK. F., LANNEA MICROCARPA ENGL. & K. KRAUSS ET SCLEROCARYA BIRREA

Introduction: The present work focused on the multiplication by seeds and cuttings of H. barteri, L. microcarpa, and S. birrea, three spontaneous fruit trees in decrease in Togo. Material and methods: Seeds and cuttings were taken from the savannas region in Togo. The multiplication essays were conducted in the laboratory and greenhouse in the University of Lomé. Germination essays were conducted using distilled water soaking, sulfuric acid treatment or mechanical scarification. Propagation by cuttings essays were conducted in greenhouse on soil taken from the Botany garden of the University of Lomé or sea sand previously treated with sulfuric acid and thoroughly rinsed with distilled water in presence of ¼ diluted Hoagland solution added with or not of IAA. Results: H. barteri seeds showed a low germination rate: 10% for freshly harvested seeds, 23% for seeds conserved for three months and 8% for one year seeds. L. microcarpa seeds sprout at 82% during the first week of harvest and lost viability about 14 weeks after harvest. For S. birrea germination rate increased from 50.12% when harvested to 69.18% and 74.6% for respectively 3 and 12 months after harvest and room conservation. For propagation using cuttings, only S. birrea was capable of multiplication in our essay conditions with a success rate of root cuttings of 71% for adult plants and 79.28 % for young plants. Conclusion: these results constituted very precious tools for production program of these 3 fruit trees for their sustainable conservation

An Ethnobotanical Survey of Medicinal Plants used in the Preparation of “Atikédi”: Local Alcoholic Beverages Commonly Consumed in Lomé Togo

Ethnobotanical relevance: Local alcoholic beverages “Atikédi” are produced in Lomé and consumed not only for pleasure but also for therapeutic purposes. They are produced out of “Sodabi”, distilled palm wine, mixed with plant organs. However, the exact composition of these beverages and the diseases they are supposed to treat are poorly documented to date in Togo. Aim of the study: To make an inventory of plants used by “Atikédi” beverages producers in Lomé. Materials and methods: Data collection was made through Semi Structured Interview. Data processing and analysis were done using Excel and Epi Info. Results: 267 outlets were identified with a predominance of stores (53.18%). 192 women and 75 men were interviewed. They belonged to 12 different ethnic groups with the majority being Ewe (127) and Ouatchi (71). Their age range varied from 25 to 70 years with an average of 42.6±7.9 years. 61 plants species were recorded belonging to 58 genera and 35 families. The most represented family was the Apocynaceae with five species followed by the Rutaceae and the Poaceae with four species each. Among 43 diseases managed by the plants, bacterial infections (ICF=0.95) and sexual weakness (ICF=0.95) were the most important pathologies. Conclusion: Producers of “Atikédi” used a wide range of medicinal plants. Pharmacological and toxicological studies of these plants will improve the quality of care provided by traditional medicine

Evaluation De Quatre Cultivars De Niebe (Vigna Unguiculata (L.) Walp.) Pour Leur Resistance Au Deficit Hydrique Et A L’adventice Parasite, Striga Gesnerioides (Willd.) Vatke Au Togo

Drought and weed parasite Striga gesnerioides(Willd.)Vatke, are major constraints to cowpea production in sub-Saharan Africa. The purpose of this study was to examine the response of four cowpea (Vigna unguiculata(L.)Walp.)cultivars, VITOCO, VITA5, IT87D-10-10, and IT98K589-2 to water deficit, to a weed parasite S. gesnerioides and to determine the effect of this weed parasite on these cowpea cultivars under water deficit conditions. Pot experiment was conducted in a greenhouse condition under artificial infestation at the Agronomic Experimentation Station of Lomé. The experimental design was a split-split-plot design with three replications of two levels of S. gesnerioides;(presence and absence) in main plot, four water regimes; (periodic watering of 5, 10, 15 and 20 days) in sub-plot, and the cultivars in sub sub-plot. Data were collected on yield components (number of seed per pod, number of pod per plant and seeds weight per plant). Data collected on parasitic plantdate of emergence and its rate of emergence per pot. Water deficit tolerance was evaluated by the rank summation index (RSI).The results showed that the water régimes of 10 and 15 days had significant depressive effect on all yield components. The number of S. gesnerioides emerged per pot ranged from 10.20 (VITOCO) to 48.60 (IT98K589-2). In addition, the infestation of S. gesnerioides showed a significant reduction of all yield components evaluated in all tested cultivars. Therefore, no cultivar proved to be resistant, nor tolerant to S. gesnerioides.The overall rankings of the evaluated cultivars in terms of growth and yield parameters studied revealed that the cultivar IT98K-589-2 showed the best adaptive response in drought condition. The results also revealed that, the significant negative effect of water deficit on the seeds weight per plant is exacerbated by the S. gesnerioides infestation

Comparison of in vitro morphogenetic capacities of different clones of three local cultivars of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) from Togo

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is an hexaploide plant with complex incompatibility that reduces chances of self-fertilization. In vitro culture of sweet potato by means of biotechnological approaches is an advantage for its study and variety improvement. Three sweet potato cultivars from Togo: Damadoami, Tombolo, Nagohé were grown on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with or without indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), and the morphogenetic properties of the plantlets obtained were compared. Uninodal stem explants were used. The reactivity of explants grown on MS differed according to the cultivar and the clone. Addition of IBA induced embryogenesis and root neoformations. The growth depended on the genotype, the clone, and the cultivar. The cultivar Damadoami was the most reactive on MS medium. Plantlets were acclimated easily and can be transferred to the fieldKeywords: Tuberous root, in vitro, morphogenesis, neoformations, indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), Togo.African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(29), pp. 4648-465

Amélioration de la croissance et des paramètres agronomiques du maïs (Zea mays L.) par des composts de déchets dans la carrière des calcaires de Sika-Kondji au Sud-Togo

Mineral resources exploitation is one of the main causes of soil degradation and pollution. Restoration of mines after exploitation is a priority of mining companies. In this work, we studied the possibility of using the putrescible and minerals wastes from a limestone plant of Sika-Kondji to fertilize the topsoil. Agronomic tests were conducted with corn to validate the potential of composts compared to a control. The results indicate that composts C1 (green waste), C2 (green waste + food) and C4 (food + green wastes + limestone and clay) allowed a good growth of plants relative to control. Plants grown on C2 and C4 composts presented the best agronomic performance. These composts are rich in organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium with a high electrical conductivity. These composts need to be improved and valued in the restoration program of Sika-Kondji mine.  Key words: Wastes, composts, restoration, topsoil, career, biodiversity.L’exploitation des ressources minières constitue l’une des causes principales de la dégradation et de la pollution du sol et tout ce qui le couvre. La restauration de la mine dans tous ses aspects après son exploitation est une préoccupation majeure des sociétés minières. Dans ce travail, nous avons étudié la possibilité d’utiliser les déchets putrescibles et minéraux d’une usine de calcaire dans la fertilisation du sol du site. Un test agronomique a été réalisé sur le maïs afin de valider le potentiel fertilisant des composts. Les résultats indiquent que les composts C1 (déchets verts), C2 (déchets verts + alimentaires) et C4 (déchets verts + alimentaires + calcaires et argiles) ont permis une bonne croissance des plantes par rapport au témoin. Les plantes cultivées sur les composts C2 et C4 ont présenté les meilleures performances agronomiques. Ces composts sont riches en matière organique, azote, phosphore et potassium avec une forte conductivité électrique. Ces composts méritent d’être améliorés et valorisés dans le programme de restauration du sol de la carrière. Mots clés: Déchets, composts, restauration, topsol, carrière, biodiversité

Amélioration de la croissance et des paramètres agronomiques du maïs (Zea mays L.) par des composts de déchets dans la carrière des calcaires de Sika-Kondji au Sud-Togo

Mineral resources exploitation is one of the main causes of soil degradation and pollution. Restoration of mines after exploitation is a priority of mining companies. In this work, we studied the possibility of using the putrescible and minerals wastes from a limestone plant of Sika-Kondji to fertilize the topsoil. Agronomic tests were conducted with corn to validate the potential of composts compared to a control. The results indicate that composts C1 (green waste), C2 (green waste + food) and C4 (food + green wastes + limestone and clay) allowed a good growth of plants relative to control. Plants grown on C2 and C4 composts presented the best agronomic performance. These composts are rich in organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium with a high electrical conductivity. These composts need to be improved and valued in the restoration program of Sika-Kondji mine.  Key words: Wastes, composts, restoration, topsoil, career, biodiversity.L’exploitation des ressources minières constitue l’une des causes principales de la dégradation et de la pollution du sol et tout ce qui le couvre. La restauration de la mine dans tous ses aspects après son exploitation est une préoccupation majeure des sociétés minières. Dans ce travail, nous avons étudié la possibilité d’utiliser les déchets putrescibles et minéraux d’une usine de calcaire dans la fertilisation du sol du site. Un test agronomique a été réalisé sur le maïs afin de valider le potentiel fertilisant des composts. Les résultats indiquent que les composts C1 (déchets verts), C2 (déchets verts + alimentaires) et C4 (déchets verts + alimentaires + calcaires et argiles) ont permis une bonne croissance des plantes par rapport au témoin. Les plantes cultivées sur les composts C2 et C4 ont présenté les meilleures performances agronomiques. Ces composts sont riches en matière organique, azote, phosphore et potassium avec une forte conductivité électrique. Ces composts méritent d’être améliorés et valorisés dans le programme de restauration du sol de la carrière. Mots clés: Déchets, composts, restauration, topsol, carrière, biodiversité

EFFETS DE LA BIOMASSE ET DU COMPOST DE CASSIA OCCIDENTALIS L. SUR LA CROISSANCE EN HAUTEUR, LE RENDEMENT DU MAÏS (ZEA MAYS L.) ET LA TENEUR EN NPK D’UN SOL DÉGRADÉ EN STATION EXPÉRIMENTALE

In this study, we tested the possibility of using C. occidentalis L., as green manure, compost and improved fallows to regenerate degraded soil. Methods: In some plots of the degraded soil, we buried biomass of Cassia occidentalis and others were either treated with compost of Cassia with or without ash, or performed from improved fallow of Cassia. All the treated plots were then used for a maize culture (Zea mays, var IKENE). The experimental design was that of Fischer with 9 treatments and 4 replicates per treatment. Results: The study showed that the best values for plant height were scored for the plots treated with the green manure of Cassia and the plots treated with compost +ash. The greatest values of grain yields and mass of 1000 grains were obtained for the plots treated with green manure of Cassia and those treated with compost without ash. About the fertility of the treated soil after harversting, the highest values for nitrogen content were scored for the plots treated with compost of cassia containing or not ash whereas highest values for phosphorus content were obtained for the plots treated with the green manure of Cassia. For the the potassium content, the bests results were scored for the plots treated with composts containing ash. Conclusion: these results showed that C. Occidentalis was a convenient source for minerals and allowed us to think that this leguminous could be used in degraded soils restoration program

Enquête Ethnobotanique Sur La Prise En Charge Traditionnelle De L’infertilité Féminine Dans La Région Sanitaire Des Savanes Au Togo

Introduction: The management of female infertility by the conventional medicine is very expensive and its coast is unavailable for the very poor populations. In Africa, an important recourses of medicinal plants are available for health care. Objective: The present study was led to recorder traditional remedies use to treat female infertility in the Sanitary Savannas Region of Togo. Methodology: For data collection, semi interview was used. Data were processed and analysed using ethnobotanical quantitative index. The Selection by Progressive Elimination (SPE) was essentially used for the choice of species. Results: With 51 practitioners interviewed, 79 recipes constituted by 87 species belonging to 48 botanical families were collected. Combretaceae (12,64 %) and Rubiaceae (5,7 %) were the most frequent families. Trees (36,78 %) and shrubs (27,58%) were the main ports. Roots (29,17 %) and leaves (27,5 %) were the most used parts. Recipes were prepared frequently by decoction (51,88 %) and powder (38,12%), and were principally taken orally (47,28 %) and by body bath (43,48 %). Sexually transmitted infections (STI) (143 citations) and Painful menstruations (PM) (108 citations) were the most frequent pathologies. The highest Informants consensus factors were 0,61 and 0,56 respectively for STI and PM. The most important Fidelity degrees was 25,49 % for STI related to Capsicum frutescens and Piper guineense. Related to Aframomum melegueta, Piper guineense and Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides the Fidelity degree was 19,61% for PM and STI. Blighia sapida, Ganoderma colossus, Kigelia africana and Mangifera indica were selected. Conclusion: Plants with highest fidelity degree and those selected by SPE will be subjected to laboratory tests

Variation de la réponse physiologique et agronomique du niébé (Vigna unguiculata L.Walp) à différentes dates de semis au Burkina Faso

Objectif: L’étude a eu pour objectif d’étudier l’effet des dates de semis au Burkina Faso sur les réponses physiologiques et agronomiques à travers l’évaluation de la transpiration, du potentiel hydrique foliaire et du rendement gousses et grains du Niébé (KVX 61.1).Méthodologie et résultats: L’effet de différentes dates de semis du niébé sur sa physiologie a été étudié selon un dispositif en blocs complets randomisés à quatre répétitions. Les Différentes dates de semis ont eu un effet significatif (p < 0,0001) sur le taux de transpiration et le potentiel hydrique foliaire des plants. Le potentiel hydrique foliaire a été moins élevé et le taux de transpiration plus élevé au 40ème JAS aux dates de semis du 10 février, du 25 février et du 11 mars. Le rendement par plant a été affecté par une faible productivité des plantes issues de ces différentes dates de semis.Conclusion et application: Les deux dates de semis, le 26 mars et le 10 avril sont des périodes qui permettent un développement optimal de la plante en culture de contre-saison chaude avec d’assez bon rendements. La variation des réponses physiologiques par rapport à la date de semis pourrait être utilisée comme critère d’adaptation (tolérance) à ces différentes dates de semis. La détermination des paramètres physiologiques pourrait être un indicateur pertinent de la période favorable de semis permettant d’orienter les agriculteurs qui désirent pratiquer la culture de la variété KVX 61.1 du niébé en culture de saison sèche par irrigation.Mots-clés: Burkina Faso, niébé, potentiel hydrique, réponse physiologique, Transpiratio