Magnetic Phase Transition and Magnetization Plateau in Cs2_2CuBr4_4

The crystal structure of Cs$_2$CuBr$_4$ is the same as that of Cs$_2$CuCl$_4$, which has been characterized as a spin-1/2 quasi-two-dimensional frustrated system. The magnetic properties of Cs$_2$CuBr$_4$ were investigated by magnetization and specific heat measurements. The phase transition at zero magnetic field was detected at $T_{\rm N}=1.4$ K. It was observed that the magnetization curve has a plateau at about one-third of the saturation magnetization for magnetic field $H$ parallel to the $b$- and $c$-axes, while no plateau was observed for $H\parallel a$. The field-induced phase transition to the plateau state appears to be of the first order. The mechanism leading to the magnetization plateau is discussed.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, 4 eps files, ptptex, will appear in Supplement of Progress in Theoretical Physic

Stepwise addition of genetic changes correlated with histological change from “well-differentiated” to “sarcomatoid” phenotypes: a case report

BACKGROUND: Sarcomatoid cancer is defined by the World Health Organization as a category of non-small cell lung cancers with sarcoma or sarcoma-like differentiation. They are characterized by poor prognosis and resistance to conventional chemotherapy. However, the mutational profile of sarcomatoid cancer remains yet to be elucidated. Sarcomatoid cancers are usually biphasic tumors composed of carcinomatous and sarcomatous components, but the evolutional development of sarcomatoid cancer is controversial. CASE PRESENTATION: We present an illustrative case of sarcomatoid cancer composed of three different histological areas. Targeted sequencing of 53 lung cancer-related genes was performed in each component and their phenotypic changes were correlated with stepwise addition of genetic changes. CONCLUSION: Sarcomatous change of carcinoma occurs in the case of sarcomatoid cancer, and phenotypic changes to sarcomatoid cancer are associated with the addition of mutation patterns and derived from poorly differentiation tumor. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-017-3059-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

地殻構造探査システムの音源が海棲ほ乳動物に与える影響

発表番号: 15-30 / 海洋音響学会2015年度研究発表会（2015年5月14日～15日, 東京大学） / 海洋音響学会2015年度研究発表会講演論文集から転

Studies on the Determination of Non-Metallic Inclusions in Iron and Steel. I : Determination of Non-Metallic Inclusions in Plain Carbon Steel and Silicon Steel

Non-metallic inclusions in iron and steel are usually determined by hot nitric acid, electrolytic or chlorine methods. The present authors studied the adaptabilities of these three methods in the analyses of plain carbon steel and silicon steel, and obtained the following results : In plain carbon steel, these methods were easily carried out but hot nitric acid method gave a lower value for silica than other methods, and electrolytic method gave a higher value for ferrous oxide and manganese oxide than other methods. After all, chlorine method was most convenient and accurate. Hot nitric acid and electrolytic methods gave somewhat higher value for silica in silicon steel, but if more chlorine would be passed than in the usual case, chlorine method would give correct results

地球環境変動に伴う海洋音波伝搬減衰の長期変化

発表番号: 15-19 / 海洋音響学会2015年度研究発表会（2015年5月14日～15日, 東京大学） / 海洋音響学会2015年度研究発表会講演論文集から転

Change of Sound Speed Profile in the Epicenter near the Large-scale Undersea Earthquake Observed by Ocean Observation Float

The Tohoku region Pacific Ocean earthquake that occurred on March 11, 2011, resulted in extensive damage in a vast area ranging from the Tohoku to Kanto. However, at the time of the earthquake, no research vessel was confirmed to be investigating marine life in the seas adjacent to epicenter area, so physical data like water temperature and salinity, as well as ocean sound speed data required for the echo sounder, could not be acquired. Therefore, in this study, we compute the sound speed profile from the Argo system data(water temperature, salinity, pressure) that was being deployed near the area of the epicenter both before and after the earthquake, and attempt to detect the change in the sound speed field. In addition, the Tohoku region Pacific Ocean earthquake and the Sumatra earthquake in December 2004, which were accompanied by a giant tsunami, were also investigated. Results showed that in the main temperature front between the central thermocline and deep-sea isothermal layer, water temperature did not change very much. However, we confirmed the tendency for the underwater sound speed to suddenly increase dramatically after an earthquake

Current state of therapeutic development for rare cancers in Japan, and proposals for improvement

This article discusses current obstacles to the rapid development of safe and effective treatments for rare cancers, and considers measures required to overcome these challenges. In order to develop novel clinical options for rare cancers, which tend to remain left out of novel therapeutic development because of their paucity, efficient recruitment of eligible patients, who tend to be widely dispersed across the country and treated at different centers, is necessary. For this purpose, it is important to establish rare cancer registries that are linked with clinical studies, to organize a central pathological diagnosis system and biobanks for rare cancers, and to consolidate patients with rare cancers to facilities that can conduct clinical studies meeting international standards. Establishing an all‐Japan cooperative network is essential. Clinical studies of rare cancers have considerable limitations in study design and sample size as a result of paucity of eligible patients and, as a result, the level of confirmation of the efficacy and safety shown by the studies is relatively low. Therefore, measures to alleviate these weaknesses inherent to external conditions need to be explored. It is also important to reform the current research environment in order to develop world‐leading treatment for rare cancers, including promotion of basic research, collaboration between industry and academia, and improvement of the infrastructure for clinical studies. Collaboration among a wide range of stakeholders is required to promote the clinical development of treatment for rare cancers under a nationwide consensus