Street and dwelling: relationship between public space and community life

The public space is basic and complementary to dwelling, because of the activities that are done there, so, this space is considered as a physical, functional and sociocultural extension of what occurs within houses. In order to understand this relationship, it is important to know the historical fact through their recent expression, because it is an opportunity to rethink the proper and consistency of our public spaces as well as their scales, fields and complementary relationships with the aim to create an external and holistic habitat of dwelling but at the same time interdependent with it, fundamental basis for defining its quality and livability. The methodology is mixed: observation of the buildings as well as inhabitant and user survey.El espacio público es fundamental como ámbito complementario a la vivienda debido a que en él ocurren las actividades que no tienen cabida en ésta. El espacio público es extensión física funcional y sociocultural de lo que ocurre al interior del hogar. Para comprender esta relación, es vital conocer desde una perspectiva histórica sus manifestaciones aún presentes como la oportunidad para repensar sobre lo oportuno y consistente que tienen nuestros espacios públicos, sus escalas, sus ámbitos y sus relaciones complementarias para conformar el todo del hábitat externo a la vivienda, pero interdependiente con ella, y base fundamental para definir la calidad de éste y su habitabilidad. La metodología es mixta de observación de lo construido e interrogación al habitante y usuario

Proyecto PREDIRCAM 2. Análisis preliminar de uso y valoración de la plataforma

En la actualidad, la prevalencia de las enfermedades no transmisibles (Non-communicable diseases NCD) y la cantidad de muertes causadas por éstas es muy elevada, en su mayoría, consecuencia del envejecimiento de la población, el aumento de la obesidad y los hábitos de vida sedentarios. En este trabajo se describen el funcionamiento y los resultados preliminares del proyecto Predircam 2, destinado al desarrollo y validación de una plataforma inteligente de tecnologías biomédicas para la monitorización, prevención y tratamiento personalizados del sobrepeso, la obesidad y la prevención de enfermedades asociadas como la diabetes, hipertensión arterial o alteraciones del metabolismo lipídico. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar los resultados preliminares del análisis del uso de la plataforma, la evaluación de la usabilidad y la valoración de la atención recibida por los pacientes en relación a los profesionales sanitarios

El impacto de la cultura organizacional sobre la actitud al cambio de los colaboradores en una empresa del sector retail en Perú

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo identificar el impacto de los tipos de cultura organizacional en la actitud al cambio de los colaboradores en una empresa peruana de retail. Para ello, se utilizó en primer lugar como base el modelo de actitud al cambio propuesto por Dunham, Grube, Gardner, Cummings y Pierce (1989). En segundo lugar, para identificar los tipos de cultura organizacional, se aplicó el modelo de Denison (Denison & Neale, 2000), con la finalidad de identificar el impacto de los tipos de cultura organizacional en la actitud al cambio. Sobre la base de estas investigaciones, se diseñó un estudio cuantitativo, explicativo, no experimental y de corte transversal en el que participaron 506 colaboradores de tiendas en Lima Metropolitana y provincias de una empresa de retail. Los resultados encontrados demuestran que el tipo de cultura organizacional involucramiento predice de manera significativa y positiva la actitud al cambio organizacional total. A mayor profundidad, se demostró también que las subdimensiones de cultura empowerment, acuerdo, aprendizaje organizacional, y dirección e intención estratégica impactan en la subdimensión cognitiva de la actitud al cambio, y que la subdimensión de cultura metas y objetivos impacta en la subdimensión afectiva de la actitud al cambio

Impaired Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity in a Spanish Cohort of Patients With COVID-19 Admitted to the ICU

SARS-CoV-2 infection causes COVID-19, ranging from mild to critical disease in symptomatic subjects. It is essential to better understand the immunologic responses occurring in patients with the most severe outcomes. In this study, parameters related to the humoral immune response elicited against SARS-CoV-2 were analysed in 61 patients with different presentations of COVID-19 who were recruited in Hospitals and Primary Healthcare Centres in Madrid, Spain, during the first pandemic peak between April and June 2020. Subjects were allocated as mild patients without hospitalization, severe patients hospitalized or critical patients requiring ICU assistance. Critical patients showed significantly enhanced levels of B cells with memory and plasmablast phenotypes, as well as higher levels of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 with neutralization ability, which were particularly increased in male gender. Despite all this, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity was defective in these individuals. Besides, patients with critical COVID-19 also showed increased IgG levels against herpesvirus such as CMV, EBV, HSV-1 and VZV, as well as detectable CMV and EBV viremia in plasma. Altogether, these results suggest an enhanced but ineffectual immune response in patients with critical COVID-19 that allowed latent herpesvirus reactivation. These findings should be considered during the clinical management of these patients due to the potential contribution to the most severe disease during SARS-CoV-2 infection.This work was supported by the Coordinated Research Activities at the Centro Nacional de Microbiología (CNM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III) (COV20_00679) to promote an integrated response against SARS-CoV-2 in Spain (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation) that is coordinated by Dr Inmaculada Casas (WHO National Influenza Center of the CNM) and a generous donation provided by Chiesi España, S.A.U. (Barcelona, Spain). The funder was not involved in the study design, collection, analysis, interpretation of data, the writing of this article or the decision to submit it for publication. This work was also supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (PID2019 110275RB-I00); the Spanish AIDS Research Network RD16CIII/0002/0001 that is included in Acción Estratégica en Salud, Plan Nacional de Investigación Científica, Desarrollo e Innovación Tecnológica 2016-2020, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Region Development Fund (ERDF); Miguel Servet - AESI, MPY 341/21. The work of ML-H and SR is financed by NIH grant R01AI143567. The work of MT is supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (COV20_00679). The work of LV is supported by a predoctoral grant from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (FIS PI16CIII/00034-ISCIII-FEDER).S

Changes in the immune response against SARS-CoV-2 in individuals with severe COVID-19 treated with high dose of vitamin D

Main cause of severe illness and death in COVID-19 patients appears to be an excessive but ineffectual inflammatory immune response that may cause severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Vitamin D may favour an anti-inflammatory environment and improve cytotoxic response against some infectious diseases. A multicenter, single-blind, prospective, randomized clinical trial was approved in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) of 14.8 ng/ml (SD: 6.18) to test antiviral efficacy, tolerance and safety of 10,000 IU/day of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) for 14 days, in comparison with 2000 IU/day. After supplementation, mean serum 25(OH)D levels increased to 19 ng/ml on average in 2000 IU/day versus 29 ng/ml in 10,000 IU/day group (p < 0.0001). Although levels of inflammatory cytokines were not modified by treatment with 10,000 IU/day, there was an increase of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and higher levels of CD4+ T cells, with predominance of T central memory subpopulation. Cytotoxic response against pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 infected cells was increased more than 4-fold in patients who received 10,000 IU/day. Moreover, levels of IFNγ were significantly higher in this group. Beneficial effect of supplementation with 10,000 IU/day was also observed in participants who developed ARDS and stayed at the hospital for 8.0 days, whereas those who received 2000 IU/day stayed for 29.2 days (p = 0.0381). Administration of high doses of vitamin D3 as adjuvant of the standard care treatment during hospitalization for COVID-19 may improve the inflammatory environment and cytotoxic response against pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 infected cells, shortening the hospital stay and, possibly, improving the prognosis.We greatly appreciate all the patients for their participation in this study. We thank the excellent secretarial assistance of Mrs Olga Palao at the Centro Nacional de Microbiología (CNM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III). The authors also acknowledge María C. de la Cruz at Unidad Central de Apoyo a la Investigación Clínica y Ensayos Clínicos (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañon; IiSGM) for her advice and assistance related to the clinical research with medicines. This work was supported by the Coordinated Research Activities at CNM (Instituto de Salud Carlos III) (COV20_00679) to promote an integrated response against SARS-CoV-2 in Spain (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation) that is coordinated by Dr Inmaculada Casas (WHO National Influenza Center of the CNM); the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2019–110275RB-I00); the Spanish AIDS Research Network RD16CIII/0002/0001 that is included in Acción Estratégica en Salud, Plan Nacional de Investigación Científica, Desarrollo e Innovación Tecnológica 2016–2020, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Region Development Fund (ERDF) and Fundación Universidad Alfonso X el Sabio (FUAX, Madrid, Spain; Reference 1012010). The work of Montserrat Torres is financed by the Coordinated Research Activities at the CNM (Instituto de Salud Carlos III) (COV20_00679). The work of María Rosa López-Huertas and Sara Rodríguez-Mora is financed by NIH grant R01AI143567. The work of Lorena Vigón is supported by a pre-doctoral grant from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (FIS PI16CIII/00034-ISCIII-FEDER). The work of Fernando Ramos Martín is financed by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2019–110275RB-I00). Drug Cholecalciferol (vitamin D) used in the study was donated by Italfarmaco Group (Cholecalciferol 25,000IU/2,5 ml oral solution). Italfarmaco Group had no role in the design and conduct of the study, in the collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data, or the preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript.S

Impaired Cytotoxic Response in PBMCs From Patients With COVID-19 Admitted to the ICU: Biomarkers to Predict Disease Severity

Infection by novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 causes different presentations of COVID-19 and some patients may progress to a critical, fatal form of the disease that requires their admission to ICU and invasive mechanical ventilation. In order to predict in advance which patients could be more susceptible to develop a critical form of COVID-19, it is essential to define the most adequate biomarkers. In this study, we analyzed several parameters related to the cellular immune response in blood samples from 109 patients with different presentations of COVID-19 who were recruited in Hospitals and Primary Healthcare Centers in Madrid, Spain, during the first pandemic peak between April and June 2020. Hospitalized patients with the most severe forms of COVID-19 showed a potent inflammatory response that was not translated into an efficient immune response. Despite the high levels of effector cytotoxic cell populations such as NK, NKT and CD8+ T cells, they displayed immune exhaustion markers and poor cytotoxic functionality against target cells infected with pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 or cells lacking MHC class I molecules. Moreover, patients with critical COVID-19 showed low levels of the highly cytotoxic TCRγδ+ CD8+ T cell subpopulation. Conversely, CD4 count was greatly reduced in association to high levels of Tregs, low plasma IL-2 and impaired Th1 differentiation. The relative importance of these immunological parameters to predict COVID-19 severity was analyzed by Random Forest algorithm and we concluded that the most important features were related to an efficient cytotoxic response. Therefore, efforts to fight against SARS-CoV-2 infection should be focused not only to decrease the disproportionate inflammatory response, but also to elicit an efficient cytotoxic response against the infected cells and to reduce viral replication.This work was supported by the Coordinated Research Activities at the Centro Nacional de Microbiología (CNM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III) (COV20_00679) to promote an integrated response against SARS-CoV-2 in Spain (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation) that is coordinated by Dr. Inmaculada Casas (WHO National Influenza Center of the CNM); a generous donation provided by Chiesi España, S.A.U. (Barcelona, Spain); the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (PID2019-110275RB-I00); the Spanish AIDS Research Network RD16CIII/0002/0001 that is included in Acciόn Estratégica en Salud, Plan Nacional de Investigaciόn Científica, Desarrollo e Innovaciόn Tecnolόgica 2016-2020, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Region Development Fund (ERDF). The work of ML-H and SR-M is financed by NIH grant R01AI143567. The work of LH is supported by a pre-doctoral grant from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (FIS PI16CIII/00034-ISCIII-FEDER).S

Randomized Clinical Trials of obesity treatments in Mexican population. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Mexicans and Mexican Americans share similar culture, genetic background, and predisposition for obesity and diabetes. Randomized clinical trials (RCT) assessing obesity treatments (ObT) are reliable to assess efficacy. To date, there is no systematic review to investigate ObT tested by RCT in Mexican adults. Methods: We conducted systematic searches in Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science to retrieve ObT RCT from 1990 to 2019. The ObT included alternative medicine, pharmacological, nutritional, behavioral, and surgical interventions. The analyzed RCT were at least three months of duration, and reported: BMI, weight, waist circumference, triglycerides, glucose and blood pressure. Results: We found 634 entries; after removal of duplicates and exclusions based on eligibility criteria, we analyzed 43 and 2 multinational-collaborative studies. Most of the national studies had small sample sizes, and did not have replications from other studies. The nutrition/behavioral interventions were difficult to blind, and most studies had medium to high risk of bias. Random effects meta-analysis of nutritional/behavioral interventions and medications showed effects on BMI, waist circumference, and blood pressure. Simple measures like plain water instead of sweet beverages decreased triglycerides and systolic blood pressure. Participants with obesity and hypertension had beneficial effects with antioxidants, and the treatment with insulin increased weight in those with T2D. Conclusions: The RCT’s in Mexico reported effects on metabolic components despite small sample sizes and lack of replication. In the future we should analyze ObT in population living on the U.S.-Mexico border; therefore, bi-national collaboration is desirable to disentangle cultural effects on ObT response

SARS-CoV-2-spike antibody and T-cell responses elicited by a homologous third mRNA COVID-19 dose in hemodialysis and kidney transplant recipients

This article belongs to the Section Medical Microbiology.The effect of a third vaccine dose (3D) of homologous mRNA vaccine on blood levels of SARS-CoV-2-receptor binding domain (RBD)-total antibodies was assessed in 40 hemodialysis patients (HD) and 21 kidney transplant recipients (KTR) at a median of 46 days after 3D. Anti-RBD antibodies were detected in 39/40 HD and 19/21 KTR. Overall, 3D boosted anti-RBD antibody levels (median: 58-fold increase). Neutralizing antibodies (NtAb) against the Wuhan-Hu-1, Delta, and Omicron variants were detected in 14, 13, and 11 out of 14 HD patients, and in 5, 5, and 4 out of 8 KTR patients, respectively. The median fold increase in NtAb titers in HD patients was 77, 28, and 5 and 56, 37, and 9 in KTR patients for each respective variant. SARS-CoV-2-S S-IFN-γ-producing CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell responses were detected in the majority of HD (35 and 36/37, respectively) and all KTR (16/16) patients at 3D. Overall, the administration of 3D boosted T-cell levels in both population groups. In conclusion, a homologous mRNA COVID-19 vaccine 3D exerts a booster effect on anti-RBD antibodies, NtAb binding to Wuhan-Hu-1, Delta, and Omicron variants, and SARS-CoV-2-S-IFN-γ-producing T cells in both HD and KTR patients. The magnitude of the effect was more marked in HD than KTR patients.This research work was supported by funding from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (FIS, PI21/00563) to DN and by funding from the European Commission NextGenerationEU fund (EU 2020/2094), through CSIC’s Global Health Platform (PTI Salud Global), to RG, and funding from the Valencian Society of Neprology. The project received the Isabel Burches grant from the Valencian Society of Nephrology (2/2/21).Peer reviewe

Tendencias y retos de la geografía en América Latina en el siglo XXI: una perspectiva desde el VII CGAL

Su estructura contempla siete capítulos: en el primero denominado Origen y devenir histórico del Coloquio Geográfico sobre América Latina de la Facultad de Geografía de la UAEM de los autores Carlos Reyes Torres, Agustín Olmos Cruz y Fernando Carreto Bernal, integrantes del Cuerpo Académico en Educación y Enseñanza de la Geografía, da cuenta del origen de los Coloquios Geográficos de AL, estableciendo sus etapas de desarrollo desde 1993 al 2014, caracterizando sus comités organizadores, ejes temáticos, así como la representación de los ponentes de las instituciones y países participantes. La relevancia de estos estudios radica en la recuperación de la historia de los eventos para fomentar la identidad y sentido de pertenencia con la disciplina y con la institución.El presente libro intitulado Tendencias y retos de la geografía en América Latina en el siglo XXI: una perspectiva desde el VII CGAL, es un producto derivado del 7° Coloquio Geográfico sobre América Latina, celebrado en desde hace ya dos décadas en la Facultad de Geografía de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, convocando con el eje temático sobre “Las Tendencias y retos de la Geografía en América Latina en el siglo XXI”Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México Facultad de Geografí