25,144 research outputs found
In search for natural wormholes
We have investigated 631 time profiles of gamma ray bursts from the BATSE
database searching for observable signatures produced by microlensing events
related to natural wormholes. The results of this first search of topologically
nontrivial objects in the Universe can be used to constrain their number and
mass.Comment: Mod. Phys. Lett. A. (in press) Latex (revtex style) with no figure
Study of the system using QCD sum rules
In this talk I present a study of the system made by using the
method of QCD sum rules. Considering isospin and spin projectors, we
investigate the different configurations and obtain three mesons with
isospin , spin , , and with masses MeV,
MeV, and MeV, respectively. The last state can be
related to (spin 2) listed by the Particle Data Group, while one
of the first two might be associated with , whose spin-parity is
unknown. In the case of we also find evidences of three states with
spin 0, 1 and 2, respectively, with masses MeV, MeV,
and MeV.Comment: Contribution to the proceedings of the XXXVI Reuni\~ao de Trabalho
sobre F\'isica Nuclear no Brasil, Maresias, S\~ao Paulo, Brazi
Degeneracy in exotic gravitational lensing
We present three different theoretically foreseen, but unusual, astrophysical
situations where the gravitational lens equation ends up being the same, thus
producing a degeneracy problem. These situations are (a) the case of
gravitational lensing by exotic stresses (matter violating the weak energy
condition and thus having a negative mass, particular cases of wormholes
solutions can be used as an example), (b) scalar field gravitational lensing
(i.e. when considering the appearance of a scalar charge in the lensing
scenario), and (c) gravitational lensing in closed universes (with
antipodes).The reasons that lead to this degeneracy in the lens equations, the
possibility of actually encountering it in the real universe, and eventually
the ways to break it, are discussed.Comment: Accepted for publication in Modern Physics Letters
Cerenkov radiation and scalar stars
We explore the possibility that a charged particle moving in the
gravitational field generated by a scalar star could radiate energy via a
recently proposed gravitational \v{C}erenkov mechanism. We numerically prove
that this is not possible for stable boson stars. We also show that soliton
stars could have \v{C}erenkov radiation for particular values of the boson
mass, although diluteness of the star grows and actual observational
possibility decreases for the more usually discussed boson masses. These
conclusions diminish, although do not completely rule out, the observational
possibility of actually detecting scalar stars using this mechanism, and lead
us to consider other forms, like gravitational lensing.Comment: Accepted for publication in Class. Quantum Gra
Interpreting the peak structures around 1800 MeV in the BES data on ,
In this talk we present an interpretation for the experimental data available
on two different processes, namely, , , which seem to indicate existence of two new resonances
with the same quantum numbers () and very similar mass
(~1800 MeV) but with very different decay properties. However, our studies show
that the peak structure found in the invariant mass, in , is a manifestation of the well known while
the cross section enhancement found in is indeed
a new resonance with mass near 1800 MeV. We present an explanation for
the different decay properties of these two scalar resonances.Comment: Proceedings for the nuclear physics meeting ("XXXVI Reuni\~ao de
trabalho sobre f\'isica nuclear no Brasil") held in Maresias during Sept.
1-5. To be published as AIP proceeding
Reissner-Nordstrom black hole lensing
In this paper we study the strong gravitational lensing scenario where the
lens is a Reissner-Nordstrom black hole. We obtain the basic equations and show
that, as in the case of Schwarzschild black hole, besides the primary and
secondary images, two infinite sets of relativistic images are formed. We find
analytical expressions for the positions and amplifications of the relativistic
images. The formalism is applied to the case of a low-mass black hole placed at
the galactic halo.Comment: 16 pages, 5 figure
Influence of detector motion in entanglement measurements with photons
We investigate how the polarization correlations of entangled photons
described by wave packets are modified when measured by moving detectors. For
this purpose, we analyze the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt Bell inequality as a
function of the apparatus velocity. Our analysis is motivated by future
experiments with entangled photons designed to use satellites. This is a first
step towards the implementation of quantum information protocols in a global
scale
Decoherence in a double-slit quantum eraser
We study and experimentally implement a double-slit quantum eraser in the
presence of a controlled decoherence mechanism. A two-photon state, produced in
a spontaneous parametric down conversion process, is prepared in a maximally
entangled polarization state. A birefringent double-slit is illuminated by one
of the down-converted photons, and it acts as a single-photon two-qubits
controlled not gate that couples the polarization with the transversal momentum
of these photons. The other photon, that acts as a which-path marker, is sent
through a Mach-Zehnder-like interferometer. When the interferometer is
partially unbalanced, it behaves as a controlled source of decoherence for
polarization states of down-converted photons. We show the transition from
wave-like to particle-like behavior of the signal photons crossing the
double-slit as a function of the decoherence parameter, which depends on the
length path difference at the interferometer.Comment: Accepted in Physical Review
The population of SNe/SNRs in the starburst galaxy Arp 220. A self-consistent analysis of 20 years of VLBI monitoring
The nearby ultra-luminous infrared galaxy (ULIRG) Arp 220 is an excellent
laboratory for studies of extreme astrophysical environments. For 20 years,
Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) has been used to monitor a population
of compact sources thought to be supernovae (SNe), supernova remnants (SNRs)
and possibly active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Using new and archival VLBI data
spanning 20 years, we obtain 23 high-resolution radio images of Arp 220 at
wavelengths from 18 cm to 2 cm. From model-fitting to the images we obtain
estimates of flux densities and sizes of all detected sources. We detect radio
continuum emission from 97 compact sources and present flux densities and sizes
for all analysed observation epochs. We find evidence for a LD-relation within
Arp 220, with larger sources being less luminous. We find a compact source LF
with , similar to SNRs in normal
galaxies. Based on simulations we argue that there are many relatively large
and weak sources below our detection threshold. The observations can be
explained by a mixed population of SNe and SNRs, where the former expand in a
dense circumstellar medium (CSM) and the latter interact with the surrounding
interstellar medium (ISM). Nine sources are likely luminous, type IIn SNe. This
number of luminous SNe correspond to few percent of the total number of SNe in
Arp 220 which is consistent with a total SN-rate of 4 yr as inferred
from the total radio emission given a normal stellar initial mass function
(IMF). Based on the fitted luminosity function, we argue that emission from all
compact sources, also below our detection threshold, make up at most 20\% of
the total radio emission at GHz frequencies.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysic
- âŠ