Chemical-mineralogical characterisation of construction and demolition waste and hypothesis for their reuse

Building activity is currently demanding noticeable amounts of natural inert materials, such as gravel and sand, usually provided by natural sediments. The extraction of sediments can modify river-profiles and their equilibrium as well as quarrying activities could induce environmental problems. The use of recycled aggregates is promoted by the EU which has provided guidelines for common strategies for a correct re-use of construction and demolition (C&D as proposed by Poon et al., 2001) (DG ENV. E. 3, 2000). As for the Italian situation, currently the legislation (D.L. 152/06) is encouraging the re-use of C&D inert materials but the re-utilisation of these materials is hampered by the scarcity of suitable plants for processing, as a result this resource is used as a lower quality materials for low grade application (i.e. road sub-base). In this study, different grain-size fractions, obtained by a grain-size sorting, from a C&D processing plant in Rovigo (NE Italy), were investigated through X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD) analyses, in order to evaluate their chemical and mineralogical composition, assisting in the development of improved recycling methodologies. The results indicate that, through an opportune crushing and sorting operation for C&D material, it is possible to obtain grain-size fractions with roughly homogenous chemical and mineralogical composition on each fraction. The homogeneity of the materials can be considerably improved if a careful differentiation takes place during the initial stages of C&D production (Poon, 1997; Poon et al. 2001). The finer fractions could be used for hydraulic mortar preparation only if the fraction of bricks, tiles and terracotta is prevalent, providing material with pozzolanic attitude (Baronio et al., 1997; Corinaldesi et al., 2002; Zendri et al., 2004). These fine recycled fractions were used in high grade application as starting materials for ceramics, requiring industrial treatment such as sintering process, Preliminary results have shown that there is a real possibility to use this materials for preparing suitable ceramic mixing. Next step testing will be testing for using the coarse fractions as aggregates for preparing concrete

Caratterizzazione mineralogico-petrografica di materiali inerti da costruzione e demolizione per il riciclaggio: caso studio l’impianto Fenza Daniela di Rovigo.

In questo lavoro, differenti frazioni granulometriche, ottenute da una selezione “on-site” da un impianto di lavorazione di Rovigo (NE Italy), sono state caratterizzate mediante fluorescenza di Raggi X e diffrattometria di Raggi X. Questo al fine di migliorare le metodologie di riciclaggio già presenti ed utilizzate per questi materiali.I risultati emersi da questo studio hanno evidenziato che attraverso un opportuno trattamento di frantumazione e selezione è possibile ottenere frazioni granulometriche composizionalmente omogenee. Sono state in particolare investigate le frazioni più fini ed è emerso che, oltre all’uso di questi materiali nella produzione di malte idrauliche (nel caso in cui la frazione allumo-silicatica sia elevata nella produzione di materiali a caratteristiche pozzolaniche), si potrebbe pensare di utilizzare le frazioni fini provenienti dal trattamento di C&D anche nella produzione di cementi e di prodotti ceramici

Construction and demolition inert materials: chemical-mineralogical characterization and hypothesis for their reuse.

Building activity is currently demanding noticeable amounts of natural inert materials, such as gravel and sand, usually provided by natural sediments. The extraction of sediments from rivers, for example, modifies river-profiles and their equilibrium as well as quarrying activities from paleo-river deposits could induce environmental problems, as the modification of hydrological and hydrogeological framework of the interested area. Moreover quarrying inert materials from rocky formations in hilly/mountainous areas is perceived as dangerous for the environment, as it alters the landscape and potentially triggers stability problems. The use of recycled aggregates is promoted by the EU which, in the framework of an environmental protection and waste management policy, has provided guidelines for common strategies for a correct re-use of construction and demolition (C&D as proposed by Poon et al., 2001) (DG ENV. E. 3, 2000). With the introduction of a specific waste legislation, with regulations and directives, in many parts of world, a significant move towards the sustainable management of C&D inert materials is becoming a legal requirement. In response, different sectors of the construction industry are undertaking various initiatives to minimise waste generation and improve the management of C&D waste to maximise economic and environmental benefits, generally by placing emphasis on increasing recycling for reuse. As for the Italian situation, currently the legislation (D.L. 152/06) is encouraging the re-use of C&D inert materials but the re-utilisation of these materials is hampered by the scarcity of suitable plants for processing, as a result this resource is used as a lower quality materials for low grade application (i.e. road sub-base). In this study, different grain-size fractions, obtained by a grain-size sorting, from a C&D processing plant in Rovigo (NE Italy), were investigated through X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD) analyses, in order to evaluate their chemical and mineralogical composition, assisting in the development of improved recycling methodologies. This study indicates that, through an opportune crushing and sorting operation for C&D material, it is possible to obtain grain-size fractions with roughly homogenous chemical and mineralogical composition on each fraction. The homogeneity of the materials can be considerably improved if a careful differentiation takes place during the initial stages of C&D production (Poon, 1997; Poon et al. 2001). The finer fractions could be used for hydraulic mortar preparation only if the fraction of bricks, tiles and terracotta is prevalent, providing material with pozzolanic attitude (Baronio et al., 1997; Corinaldesi et al., 2002; Zendri et al., 2004). These fine recycled fractions could also be used in high grade application (i.e. starting materials for ceramics) requiring an industrial treatment (e.g., sintering process). Similarly, it could be also possible to reuse them in cement preparation, after suitable mixing with lime and subsequent calcination process. References: -Baronio, G., Binda, L., Bombardini, N., 1997. Construction and Building Materials 11, 33-40. -Corinaldesi, V., Giuggioloni, M., Moriconi, G., 2002. Waste management 22, 893-899. -D.L. 152/06-Decreto Legislativo 152/06: Norme in materia ambientale, parte IV. -European Commission, Directorate - General Environment, DG ENV. E.3, 2000. Management of construction and demolition waste. Working document No. 1, pp. 1-26. -Poon, C.S., 1997. Waste Management and Research 15, 561-572. -Poon, C.S., Yu, A.T.W., Ng, L.H., 2001. Conservation and Recycling 32, 157-172. -Zendri, E., Lucchini, V., Biscontin, G., Morabito, M., 2004. Applied Clay Science 25, 1-7

Construction and demolition inert materials: petrochemical and petrophysical characterisation for concrete preparation

none4Sessione disciplinare GEO/09: Georisorse minerarie e applicazioni mineralogico-petrografiche per l’Ambiente ed i Beni CulturaliopenM. Borsa; E. Marrocchino; A. Toffano; C. VaccaroM., Borsa; Marrocchino, Elena; Toffano, Alice; Vaccaro, Carmel

Petrochemical and petrophysical characterisation of construction and demolition inert materials for concrete

Use of recycled aggregates is promoted by EU with guidelines for common strategies for a correct re-use of construction and demolition (C&D) [Poon et al., 2001]. In Italy, the legislation is encouraging the re-use of C&D inert materials but, due to the scarcity of suitable plants for processing, this resource is used as a lower quality materials for low grade application. In this study, different grain-size fractions, obtained by a grain-size sorting, from a C&D processing plant in Rovigo (NE Italy), were investigated through chemical and physical testing, to evaluate their composition, assisting in the development of improved recycling methodologies for concrete. Chemical-mineralogical and physical analysis have shown that the material is roughly homogenous. Several concrete mixes were prepared using different percentage of recycled aggregate and tested. The data have shown that the introduction of 30% of inert recycled coarse fraction, substituting natural coarse aggregate, does not affect the concrete

Logical Families of Nonlocal Boxes

International audienceIn this paper, we will study the behavior of nonlocal boxes and non-signaling boxes by calculating a Bell Inequalities (BI) for all possible logical combinations of inputs and outputs. We have considered the case of equal number n of inputs and outputs, first for n = 2 using the CHSH BI and then generalized to the case n = 3 using the Svetlichny BI. n = 2 corresponds to 256 cases and increases exponentially for n = 3 (256x 256 = 65536 cases). We thus developped a computer program for processing the different cases by calculating the inequalities and also testing non-signaling in a systematic way. Maximal Bell parameter of 4 is obtained for the no-signaling family of 16 nonlocal boxes the PR Box being part of this family. Another family of 32 nonlocal boxes (green cases) is signaling and giving a BI violation 10/3 > 2sqrt(2)> 2, exceeding the quantum limit. The three-party correlation logical boxes give 65536 combinations of logical functions. Calculation (computer) of the Svetlichny leads to nonlocality for six different values

Recycling Construction and Demolition Residues in Clay Bricks

In recent years, the management of construction and demolition residues (CDRs) has become a major challenge for the construction industry due to the increasing volume of waste produced and its associated environmental impact. The aim of this article is to assess the effect of fine-grained fractions (<0.125 mm–0.6–0.125 mm) of construction and demolition residues, obtained by industrial sorting in a CDR processing plant in Rovigo (Italy), on the technological behavior and technical performance of clay bricks. Simulating the brickmaking process on a laboratory scale, it was appraised whether the CDR additions determined any change in the main properties of both fired and unfired bricks, taking a CDR-free brick body as a reference. The results indicated that the use of CDR is technologically feasible. It is possible to obtain, through proper crushing and sorting operations, grain-sized fractions with quite homogenous chemical and mineralogical composition. The residues did affect the compositional properties, porosity and water absorption of the clay bricks. Nevertheless, the characterization of the residual-added semi-finished and fired products highlighted their good technological and mechanical properties, which allowed them to provide performances similar to those of standard bricks manufactured with raw natural materials

Development of the CMS detector for the CERN LHC Run 3

International audienceSince the initial data taking of the CERN LHC, the CMS experiment has undergone substantial upgrades and improvements. This paper discusses the CMS detector as it is configured for the third data-taking period of the CERN LHC, Run 3, which started in 2022. The entire silicon pixel tracking detector was replaced. A new powering system for the superconducting solenoid was installed. The electronics of the hadron calorimeter was upgraded. All the muon electronic systems were upgraded, and new muon detector stations were added, including a gas electron multiplier detector. The precision proton spectrometer was upgraded. The dedicated luminosity detectors and the beam loss monitor were refurbished. Substantial improvements to the trigger, data acquisition, software, and computing systems were also implemented, including a new hybrid CPU/GPU farm for the high-level trigger