Adjudicación de nuevas oficinas de farmacia: la comparación de criterios de clasificación

This article studies the differences between the models of candidate classification for the adjudication of new pharmacies in the different Spanish self-governing regions. The objective of this study is to analyze the profile of the selected professional. Generally, the ranking takes into account the professional activity as pharmacist, the pre-graduate formation as well as the postgraduate, with different weights. Some of the 15 autonomies include as merits the cooficial languages, an optional written test and special situations as unemployment.In general, the criteria try to find out the best profile of pharmacist based on the professional experience and the postgraduate formation.Este artículo estudia las diferencias entre los modelos de clasificación candidato para la adjudicación de nuevas oficinas de farmacia en las distintas comunidades autónomas españolas. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar el perfil del profesional seleccionado. En general, la clasificación tiene en cuenta la actividad profesional como farmacéutico, la formación de pre-grado, así como la de postgrado, con diferentes pesos. Algunas de las 15 autonomías incluyen como méritos los idiomas cooficial, una prueba escrita opcional y situaciones especiales como el desempleo.En general, los criterios tratan de averiguar el mejor perfil del farmacéutico basado en la experiencia profesional y la formación de postgrado

Fucosylation of LAMP-1 and LAMP-2 by FUT1 correlates with lysosomal positioning and autophagic flux of breast cancer cells

Alpha1,2-fucosyltransferases, FUT1 and FUT2, which transfer fucoses onto the terminal galactose of N-acetyl-lactosamine via α1,2-linkage have been shown to be highly expressed in various types of cancers. A few studies have shown the involvement of FUT1 substrates in tumor cell proliferation and migration. Lysosome-associated membrane protein 1, LAMP-1, has been reported to carry alpha1,2-fucosylated Lewis Y (LeY) antigens in breast cancer cells, however, the biological functions of LeY on LAMP-1 remain largely unknown. Whether or not its family member, LAMP-2, displays similar modifications and functions as LAMP-1 has not yet been addressed. In this study, we have presented evidence supporting that both LAMP-1 and 2 are substrates for FUT1, but not FUT2. We have also demonstrated the presence of H2 and LeY antigens on LAMP-1 by a targeted nanoLC-MS(3) and the decreased levels of fucosylation on LAMP-2 by MALDI-TOF analysis upon FUT1 knockdown. In addition, we found that the expression of LeY was substantial in less invasive ER+/PR+/HER− breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and T47D) but negligible in highly invasive triple-negative MDA-MB-231 cells, of which LeY levels were correlated with the levels of LeY carried by LAMP-1 and 2. Intriguingly, we also observed a striking change in the subcellular localization of lysosomes upon FUT1 knockdown from peripheral distribution of LAMP-1 and 2 to a preferential perinuclear accumulation. Besides that, knockdown of FUT1 led to an increased rate of autophagic flux along with diminished activity of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and enhanced autophagosome–lysosome fusion. This may be associated with the predominantly perinuclear distribution of lysosomes mediated by FUT1 knockdown as lysosomal positioning has been reported to regulate mTOR activity and autophagy. Taken together, our results suggest that downregulation of FUT1, which leads to the perinuclear localization of LAMP-1 and 2, is correlated with increased rate of autophagic flux by decreasing mTOR signaling and increasing autolysosome formation

Routes of Drug Administration

Systemic absorption of a drug depends on its physicochemical properties, the nature of the dosage form on which it is included and the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the site of absorption. These considerations are important on the biopharmaceutical production and evaluation of drugs: the design of the dosage forms requires a deep knowledge of the physiological and pathological factors that affect drug absorption for guarantying the therapeutic efficacy and to avoid possible drug-drug and drug-nutrient interactions.Fil: Ruiz, María Esperanza. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencas Exactas. Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Bioactivos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Scioli Montoto, Sebastián. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencas Exactas. Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Bioactivos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentin