Eimeria Curvata N. Sp. (apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) In Columbina Talpacoti And Scardafella Squammata (aves: Columbidae) From Brazil

Eimeria curvata is a new coccidian described in the doves Columbina talpacoti and Scardafella squammata from western of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. The oocysts are ovoid to ellipsoid, 18.3 (17-19) μm × 15.5 (15-17) μm, with a shape index of 1.2 (1.1-1.3). The wall is colorless, smooth and double-layered. A polar granule is present, but there is no micropyle or oocyst residuum. The sporocysts are elongate, 12.3 (11.5-13) μm × 5.8 (5.5-6) μm with a curved anterior portion and a smooth, thin, single-layered wall. The Stieda body is protuberant and nipple-like; there is no substieda body. The sporozoites lie head-to-tail in the sporocyst and contain a large refractile body at the extremities. The sporocyst residuum contains small granules uniformly distributed in the middle of the sporocyst. The prevalence of E. curvata n. sp. was 17.4% and 12.8% in C. talpacoti and S. squammata, respectively.9501/02/155355Hilty, S.L., Brown, W.L., (1986) A Guide to the Birds of Colombia, , Princeton University Press, New Jersey, 836 ppIbama, (1994) Manual de Anilhamento de Aves Silvestres, 2 Ed., , Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis, Brasília, 148 ppLainson, R., A protozoologist in Amazonia: Neglected parasites, with particular reference to members of the Coccidia (Protozoa: Apicomplexa) (1992) Ciên Cult, 44, pp. 81-93Lillehoj, H.S., Trout, J.M., Coccidia: A review of recent advances on immunity and vaccine development (1993) Avian Pathol, 22, pp. 3-31Long, P.L., (1990) Coccidiosis of Man and Domestic Animals, pp. 47-48. , CRC Press, Florida, USAMcQuistion, T.E., Eimeria palumbi, a new coccidian parasite (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the Galapagos dove (Zenaida galapagoensis) (1991) Trans Am Microsc Soc, 110, pp. 178-181Schauensee, R.M., Phelps W.H., Jr., (1978) A Guide to the Birds of Venezuela, , Princeton University Press, New Jersey, 424 ppStotz, D.F., Fitzpatrick, J.W., Parker, T.A., Moskovits, D.V., (1996) Neotropical Birds. Ecology and Conservation, , The University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London, 478 ppVarghese, T., Eimeria waiganiensis sp. n. from the green-winged ground dove (Chalcophaps indica Linnaeus) and the magnificent ground pigeon (Otidiphaps nobilis Gould) in Papua New Guinea (1978) J Parasitol, 64, pp. 312-31

Primary Myiasis In A Domestic Rabbit Caused By Lucilia Eximia (diptera: Calliphoridae) In Brazil: Case Report [miíase Primária Em Coelho Doméstico Causada Por Lucilia Eximia (diptera: Calliphoridae) No Brasil: Relato De Caso]

The occurrence of primary myiasis in a domestic rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus (Lagomorpha: Leporidae) caused by Lucilia eximia (Diptera: Calliphoridae) is reported in an urban area in the city of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.5812830Azeredo-Espin, A.M.L., Madeira, N.G., Primary myiasis in dog caused by Phaenicia eximia (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and preliminary mitochondrial DNA analysis of the species in Brazil (1996) J. Med. Entomol., 33, pp. 839-843Baumgarter, P.L., Greenberg, B., The genus Chrysomya (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in the New World (1984) J. Med. Entomol., 21, pp. 105-113Carvalho, L.M.L., Thyssen, P.J., Linhares, A.X., A checklist of arthropods associated with carrion and human corpses in southeastern Brazil (2000) Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, 95, pp. 135-138Cramer-Ribeiro, B.C., Sanavria, A., Oliveira, M.Q., Inquérito sobre os casos de miíase por Cochliomyia hominivorax em cães da zona sul do município do Rio de Janeiro no ano 2000 (2002) Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci., 39, pp. 171-175Dear, J.P., A revision of the New World Chrysomyini (Diptera: Calliphoridae) (1985) Rev. Bras. Zool., 3, pp. 109-169Ferreira, M.J.M., Sinantropia de dípteros muscoídeos de Curitiba, Paraná. I. Calliphoridae (1978) Rev. Bras. Biol., 38, pp. 445-454Guimarães, J.H., Papavero, N., (1999) Myiasis in Man and Animals in the Neotropical Region, 308p. , São Paulo: PLÊIADEHall, M., Wall, R., Myiasis of humans and domestic animals (1995) Adv. Parasitol., 35, pp. 257-334Hinaidy, H.K., Niebauer, G.W., Fakultativmyiasis bei einem Kaninchen und einem Meerschweinchen (1979) Wien. Tierärztl. Mschr., 66, pp. 384-386Jacobson, H.A., Mcginnes, B.S., Catts, E.P., Bot fly myiasis of the cottontail rabbit, Sylvilagus floridanus mallurus in Virginia with some biology of the parasite, Cuterebra buccata (1978) J. Wildl. Dis., 14, pp. 56-66Lello, E., Pinheiro, F.A., Noce, O.F., Epidemiologia de miíases no município de Botucatu, SP, Brasil (1982) Arq. Esc. Vet. UFMG, 34, pp. 93-108Linhares, A.X., Synanthropy of Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae (Diptera) in the city of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil (1981) Rev. Bras. Entomol., 25, pp. 89-215Madeira, N.G., Dias, F.S., Mascarenhas, C.S., Contribuição ao conhecimento da fauna de Calliphoridae (Diptera) sinantrópicos de Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais (1982) Rev. Bras. Entomol., 26, pp. 137-140Madeira, N.G., Silveira, G.A.R., Pavan, C., The occurrence of primary myiasis in cats caused by Phaenicia eximia (Diptera: Calliphoridae) (1989) Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, 84, p. 341Mariluis, J.C., Schnack, J.A., Ecology of the blow flies of an eusynanthropic habitat near Buenos Aires (Diptera: Calliphoridae) (1989) Eos, 65, pp. 93-101Mendes, J., Linhares, A.X., Atratividade por iscas e estágios de desenvolvimento ovariano em várias espécies sinantrópicas de Calliphoridae (Diptera) (1993) Rev. Bras. Entomol., 37, pp. 157-166Meredith, A., Skin diseases of rabbits (2003) Ir. Vet. J., 56, pp. 52-56Prado, A.P., Guimarães, J.H., Estado atual de dispersão e distribuição do gênero Chrysomya Robineau- Desvoidy na região Neotropical (Diptera: Calliphoridae) (1982) Rev. Bras. Entomol., 26, pp. 225-231Scott, D.W., Miller, W.H., Griffin, C.E., (1996) Muller & Kirk, Small Animal Dermatology, 1520p. , Philadelphia: W.B. SaundersZumpt, F., (1965) Myiasis in Man and Animals in the Old World, 267p. , London: Butterworth

Effect Of Nandrolone Decanoate On The Development Of Three Species Of Chrysomya (diptera: Calliphoridae), Flies Of Forensic Importance In Brazil

Necrophagous insects are valuable tools for postmortem interval (PMI) estimation or for determining the cause of death. Due to the increase in deaths related to drug abuse, it is crucial to know how these substances affect the development of flies that feed on corpses, to avoid errors in the PMI estimates. This study evaluated the effect of nandrolone decanoate, an anabolic androgenic steroid, on the development of immatures of Chrysomya megacephala (F.), Chrysomya putoria (Wiedemann), and Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) when added to an artificial rearing diet. Four experimental groups were delineated: three of them were given diets containing 4.5, 22.5, or 45 mg/kg nandrolone decanoate; and a drug-free control group. Weights were recorded at 12-h intervals from larval eclosion to pupation. No statistically significant differences were observed in mean larval weights, emergence interval, or emergence rates for all groups. However, differences in the three species were observed during the larval development. Initially, C. putoria reared in the highest concentration of decanoate showed greater weight gain. However, at older ages, immatures reached lower mean weights than the control group. For C. albiceps, the highest concentration of decanoate contributed to an effective lack of weight gain during almost the entire course of larval development. Therefore, the influence of any drug on development should always be considered. © 2011 Entomological Society of America.481111117Bourel, B., Tournel, G., Hédouin, V., Deveaux, M., Goff, M.L., Gosset, D., Morphine extraction in necrophagous insects remains for determining ante-mortem opiate intoxication (2001) Forensic Sci. Int., 120, pp. 127-131Bourel, B., Hédouin, V., Martin-Bouyer, L., Bécart, A., Tournel, G., Deveaux, M., Gosset, D., Effects of morphine in decomposing bodies on the development of Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae) (1999) J. Forensic Sci., 44, pp. 354-358Byrd, J.H., Castner, J.L., Insects of forensic importance (2001) Forensic Entomology: The Utility of Arthropods in Legal Investigations, pp. 43-79. , In J. H. Byrd and J. L. Castner (eds.), CRC, Boca Raton, FLCarvalho, L.M.L., Linhares, A.X., Seasonality of insect succession and pig carcass decomposition in a natural forest area in southeastern Brazil (2001) J. Forensic Sci., 46, pp. 604-608Carvalho, L.M.L., Thyssen, P.J., Linhares, A.X., Palhares, F.A.B., A checklist of arthropods associated with pig carrion and human corpses in Southeastern Brazil (2000) Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, 95, pp. 135-138Carvalho, L.M.L., Linhares, A.X., Trigo, J.R., Determination of drug levels and the effect of diazepam on the growth of necrophagous flies of forensic importance in southeastern Brazil (2001) Forensic Sci. Int., 120, pp. 140-144Carvalho, L.M.L., Thyssen, P.J., Goff, M.L., Linhares, A.X., Observations on the succession patterns of necrophagous insects onto a pig carcass in an urban area of Southeastern Brazil (2004) Aggrawal's Int. J. For. Med. Toxicol., 5, pp. 33-39Catts, E.P., Analysing entomological data (1990) Entomology and Death: A Procedural Guide, pp. 124-137. , In E. P. Catts and N. H. Haskell (eds.), Joyce's Print Shop, Clemson, SCCatts, E.P., Goff, M.L., Forensic entomology in criminal investigations (1992) Annu. Rev. Entomol., 37, pp. 253-272Conceiçao, C.A., Wander, F.S., Massili, L.P., Vianna, L.A.F., Gonçalves, D.M., Fossati, G., Uso de anabolizantes entre praticantes de musculação em academias (1999) Rev. Pesq. Méd., 33, pp. 103-116Cunha, T.S., Cunha, N.S., Moura, M.J.C.S., Marcondes, F.K., Esteróides anabólicos androgěnicos e sua relação com a prática desportiva (2004) Rev. Bras. Ciěnc. Farmac., 40, pp. 165-179Da Silva, C., Villet, M.H., Effects of prophylactic progesterone in decomposing tissues on the development of Chrysomya chloropyga (Wiedeman) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) (2006) Afr. Entomol., 14, pp. 199-202Estrada, D.A., Grella, M.D., Thyssen, P.J., Linhares, A.X., Taxa de desenvolvimento de Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) em dieta artificial acrescida de tecido animal para uso forense (2009) Neotrop. Entomol., 38, pp. 203-207Faria, L.D.B., Godoy, W.A.C., Reis, S.F., Larval predation on different instars in blowfly populations (2004) Brazil. Arch. Biol. Technol., 47, pp. 887-894Ferrari, A.C., Soares, A.T.C., Guimaraes, M.A., Thyssen, P.J., Efeito da testosterona no desenvolvimento de Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) (2008) Medicina (Ribeirão Preto)., 41, pp. 30-34Frizon, F., Macedo, S.M.D., Yonamine, M.M., Uso de esteróides andrógenos anabólicos por praticantes de atividade física das principais academias de Erechim e Passo Fundo/RS (2005) Rev. Ciěnc. Farmac. Bas. Appl., 26, pp. 227-232Goff, M.L., Omori, A.I., Goodbrod, J.R., Effect of cocaine in tissues on the development rate of Boettcherisca peregrina (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) (1989) J. Med. Entomol., 26, pp. 91-93Goff, M.L., Brown, W.A., Hewadikaram, K.A., Omori, A.I., Effect of heroin in decomposing tissues on the development rate of Boettcherisca peregrina (Diptera, Sarcophagidae) and implications of this effect on estimation do postmortem intervals using arthropod development patterns (1991) J. Forensic Sci., 36, pp. 537-542Greenberg, B., Kunich., J.C., (2002) Entomology and the Law: Flies as Forensic Indicators, , Cambridge, New YorkGuimaraes, J.H., Prado, A.P., Linhares, A.X., Three newly introduced blowfly species in southern Brazil (Diptera: Calliphoridae) (1978) Rev. Bras. Entomol., 22, pp. 53-60Guimaraes-Neto, W.M., (2005) Musculação-Anabolismo Total: Treinamento, Nutrição, Esteróides Anabólicos, Outros Ergogěnicos, , 7 ed. Phorte, São Paulo, BrazilGuyton, A.C., Hall, J.E., Funçõ es reprodutivas e hormonais no homem (2002) Tratado de Fisiologia Médica, pp. 774-785. , In A. C. Guyton and J. E. Hall., 10a ed. Guanabara Koogan, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilIntrona, F., Campobasso, C.P., Difazio, A., Three case studies in forensic entomology from southern Italy (1998) J. Forensic Sci., 43, pp. 210-214Iriart, J.A.B., Chaves, J.C., Orleans, R.G., Culto ao corpo e uso de anabolizantes entre praticantes de musculação (2009) Cad. Saúde Púb., 25, pp. 773-782Klowden, M.J., (2002) Physiological Systems in Insects, , Academic. London, United KingdomLise, M.L.Z., Gama E Silva, T.S., Ferigolo, M., Barros, H.M.T., O abuso de esteróides anabólico-androgěnicos em atletismo (1999) Rev. Assoc. Méd. Bras., 45, pp. 364-370Marchiori, C.H., Silva, C.G., Caldas, E.R., Vieira, C.I.S., Almeida, K.G.S., Teixeira, F.F., Linhares, A.X., Artrópodes associados com carcaça de suíno em Itumbiara, sul de Goiás (2000) Arq. Inst. Biol., 67, pp. 167-170Moretti, T.C., Ribeiro, O.B., Thyssen, P.J., Solis, D.R., Insects on decomposing carcasses of small rodents in a secondary forest in southeastern Brazil (2008) Eur. J. Entomol., 105, pp. 691-696Musvasva, E., Williams, K.A., Muller, W.J., Villet, M.H., Preliminary observations on the effects of hydrocortisone ans sodium methohexital on development of Sarcophaga (Curranea) tibialis Macquart (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), and implications for estimating post mortem interval (2001) Forensic Sci. Int., 120, pp. 37-41Nuorteva, P., Nuorteva, S.L., The fate of mercury in sarcosaprophagous flies and in insects eating them (1982) Ambio, 11, pp. 34-37Nuorteva, P., Sarcosaprophagous insects as forensic indicators (1977) Forensic Medicine: A Study in Trauma and Environmental Hazards, 2, pp. 1072-1095. , In C. G. Tedeschi, W. G. Eckert, and L. G. Tedeschi (eds.), W. B., Saunders, Philadelphia, PAOga, S., (1996) Fundamentos de toxicologia, , Atheneu, São Paulo, BrazilOliveira, H.G., Gomes, G., Morlin Jr., J.J., Zuben, C.J.V., Linhares, A.X., The effect of Buscopan on the development of the blow fly Chrysomya megacephala (F.) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) (2009) J. Forensic Sci., 54, pp. 202-206(2006) SAS User's Guide: Statistics, , SAS Institute, 6Th ed, SAS Institute, Cary, NCSilva, L.S.M.F., Moreau, R.L.M., Uso de esteróides anabólico androgěnicos por praticantes de musculaçãode grandes academias da cidade de São Paulo (2003) Rev. Bras. Ciěnc. Farmac., 39, pp. 327-333Silva, P.R.P., Machado Jr., L.C., Figueiredo, V.C., Cioffi, A.P., Prestes, M.C., Czepielewski, M.A., Prevalěncia do uso de agentes anabólicos em praticantes de musculação de Porto Alegre (2007) Arq. Bras. Endocr. Metabol., 51, pp. 104-110Smith, K.G.V., (1986) A Manual of Forensic Entomology, , Cornell University Press, New YorkSohal, R.S., Lamb, R.E., Intracellular deposition of metals in the midgut of the adult housefly, Musca domestica (1977) J. Insect Physiol., 23, pp. 1349-1354Sohal, R.S., Lamb, R.E., Storage-excretion of metallic cations in the adult housefly, Musca domestica (1979) J. Insect Physiol., 25, pp. 119-124Souza, A.M., Linhares, A.X., Diptera and Coleoptera of potential forensic importance in southeastern Brazil: Relative abundance and seasonality (1997) Med. Vet. Entomol., 11, pp. 8-1

Developmental Rate Of Immatures Of Two Fly Species Of Forensic Importance: Sarcophaga (liopygia) Ruficornis And Microcerella Halli (diptera: Sarcophagidae)

Since insect species are poikilothermic organisms, they generally exhibit different growth patterns depending on the temperature at which they develop. This factor is important in forensic entomology, especially for estimating postmortem interval (PMI) when it is based on the developmental time of the insects reared in decomposing bodies. This study aimed to estimate the rates of development, viability, and survival of immatures of Sarcophaga (Liopygia) ruficornis (Fabricius 1794) and Microcerella halli (Engel 1931) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) reared in different temperatures: 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 ± 1 C. Bovine raw ground meat was offered as food for all experimental groups, each consisting of four replicates, in the proportion of 2 g/larva. To measure the evolution of growth, ten specimens of each group were randomly chosen and weighed every 12 h, from initial feeding larva to pupae, and then discarded. Considering the records of weight gain, survival rates, and stability of growth rates, the range of optimum temperature for the development of S. (L.) ruficornis is between 20 and 35 C, and that of M. halli is between 20 and 25 C. For both species, the longest times of development were in the lowest temperatures. The survival rate at extreme temperatures (10 and 35 C) was lower in both species. Biological data such as the ones obtained in this study are of great importance to achieve a more accurate estimate of the PMI. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.1131217222Amoudi, M.A., Diab, F.M., Abou-Fannah, S.S.M., Development rate and mortality of immature Parasarcophaga (Liopygia) ruficornis (Diptera: Sarcophagidade) at constant temperatures (1994) J Med Entomol, 31, pp. 168-170. , 1:STN:280:DyaK2c3htVClsQ%3D%3D 8158620Anderson, G.S., Minimum and maximum development rates of some forensically important Calliphoridae (Diptera) (2000) J Forensic Sci, 45, pp. 824-832. , 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3cvlvFWgtQ%3D%3D 10914578Andrade, H.T.A., Varela-Freire, A.A., Batista, M.J.A., Medeiros, J.F., Calliphoridae (Diptera) coletados em cadáveres humanos no Rio Grande do Norte (2005) Neotrop Entomol, 34, pp. 855-856. , 10.1590/S1519-566X2005000500021Barbosa, R.R., Mello-Patiu, C.A., Mello, R.P., Queiroz, M.M.C., New records of calyptrate dipterans (Fanniidae, Muscidae and Sarcophagidae) associated with the decomposition of domestic pigs in Brazil (2009) Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, 104 (6), pp. 923-926. , 19876568 10.1590/S0074-02762009000600018Benecke, M., A brief survey of the history of forensic entomology (2008) Acta Biologica Benrodis, 14, pp. 15-38Blanchard, E.E., Dípteros parásitos de Noctuidae argentinos (1963) Rev Invest Agric, 17 (2), pp. 129-254Busvine, J.R., Insects and hygiene (1980) The Biology and Control of Insect Pests of Medical and Domestic Importance, p. 568. , Chapman and Hall 3rd. LondonCarvalho, L.M.L., Linhares, A.X., Seasonality of insect succession and pig carcass decomposition in a natural forest area in southeastern Brazil (2001) J Forensic Sci, 46, pp. 604-608Carvalho, C.J.B., Mello-Patiu, C.A., Key to the adults of the most common forensic species of Diptera in South America (2008) Rev Bras Entomol, 52, pp. 390-406. , 10.1590/S0085-56262008000300012Carvalho, L.M.L., Thyssen, P.J., Linhares, A.X., Palhares, F.A.B., A checklist of arthropods associated with pig carrion and human corpses in Southeastern Brazil (2000) Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, 95, pp. 135-138. , 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c7it1Gmsg%3D%3D 10656720 10.1590/S0074-02762000000100023Carvalho, L.M.L., Thyssen, P.J., Goff, M.L., Linhares, A.X., Observations on the succession patterns of necrophagous insects on a pig carcass in an urban area of southeastern Brazil (2004) Internet J. Forensic Med. Toxicol, 5, pp. 33-39Catts, E.P., Goff, M.L., Forensic entomology in criminal investigations (1992) Annu Rev Entomol, 37, pp. 253-272. , 1:STN:280:DyaK387ntFCnsg%3D%3D 1539937 10.1146/annurev.en.37.010192. 001345 Catts & Goff (1992) was not cited anywhere in the text. Please provide a citation. Alternatively, delete the item from the listGrassberger, M., Reiter, C., Effect of temperature on Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae) development with special reference to isomegalen- and isomorphen- diagram (2001) For Sci Int, 120, pp. 32-36. , 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3Mvgs1ahuw%3D%3DGrassberger, M., Reiter, C., Effect of temperature on development of the forensically important holarctic blowfly Protophormia terranovae (Robineau- Desvoidy) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) (2002) For Sci Int, 128, pp. 177-182Greenberg, B., Kunich, J.C., (2002) Entomology and the Law: Flies As Forensic Indicators, , New York Cambridge Greenberg & Kunich (2002) was not cited anywhere in the text. Please provide a citation. Alternatively, delete the item from the listHaddad, M.L., Parra, J.R.P., Moraes, R.C.B., (1999) Métodos Para Estimar Os Limites Térmicos Inferior e Superior de Desenvolvimento de Insetos, , São Paulo FealqLefebvre, F., Pasquerault, T., Temperature-dependent development of Ophyra aenescens (Wiedemann, 1830) and Ophyra capensis (Wiedemann, 1818) (Diptera, Muscidae) (2004) Forensic Sci Int, 139, pp. 75-79. , 14687777 10.1016/j.forsciint.2003.10.014Linhares, A.X., Synanthropy of Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae (Diptera) in the city of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil (1981) Rev Bras Entomol, 25, pp. 189-215Lopes, H.S., Neotropical Sarcophagidae reared from Gastropoda by Dr. W. Weyrauch (Diptera) (1969) Studia Entomol, 12, pp. 133-160Mégnin, P., Faune des cadavres (1894) Aplication de l'Entomologie A la MédicineMello, R.S., Borja, G.E.M., Queiroz, M.M.C., How photoperiods affect the immature development of forensically important blowfly species Chrysomya albiceps (Calliphoridae) (2012) Parasitol Res, 111, pp. 1067-1073. , 10.1007/s00436-012-2933-7Monteiro-Filho, E.L.A., Peneireiro, J.L., Estudo da decomposição e sucessão sobre uma carcaça animal numa área do estado de São Paulo, Brasil (1987) Rev Bras Biol, 47, pp. 289-295. , Monteiro-Filho & Peneireiro (1987) was not cited anywhere in the text. Please provide a citation. Alternatively, delete the item from the listMoretti, T.C., Ribeiro, O.B., Thyssen, P.J., Solis, D.R., Insects on decomposing carcasses of small rodents in a secondary forest in Southeastern Brazil (2008) Eur J Entomol, 105, pp. 691-696Moretti, T.C., Allegretti, S.M., Mello-Patiu, C.A., Tognolo, A.M., Ribeiro, O.B., Solis, D.R., Occurrence of Microcerella halli (Engel) (Diptera, Sarcophagidae) in snake carrion in southeastern Brazil (2009) Rev Bras Entomol, 53, pp. 318-320. , 10.1590/S0085-56262009000200018Moura, M.O., Carvalho, C.J.B., Monteiro-Filho, E.L.A., A preliminary analysis of insects of medico-legal importance in Curitiba, State of Paraná (1997) Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, 92, pp. 269-274. , 1:STN:280:DyaK2svntlOnug%3D%3D 9332590Mulieri, P.R., Mariluis, J.C., Aballay, F.H., Two species of Microcerella (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) found in highland arid landscapes of Argentina, during forensic studies (2012) J Med Entomol, 49 (1), pp. 183-191. , 1:STN:280:DC%2BC383gvFWltQ%3D%3D 22308787 10.1603/ME11107Nuorteva, P., Sarcosaprophagous insects as forensic indicators (1977) Forensic Medicine: A Study in Trauma and Environmental Hazards, pp. 1072-1095. , C.G. Tedeschi W.G. Eckert L.G. Tedeschi (eds) WB Saunders New YorkOliveira, T.C., Vasconcelos, S.D., Insects (Diptera) associated with cadavers at the Institute of Legal Medicine in Pernambuco, Brazil and its implications for forensic entomology (2010) Forensic Sci Int, 198, pp. 97-102. , 20181449 10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.01.011Oliveira-Costa, J., Mello-Patiu, C.A., Lopes, S.M., Dipteros muscóides associados com cadáveres humanos na cena da morte no estado do Rio de Janeiro - Brasil (2001) Bol Mus Nac, 464, pp. 1-6Paes, M.J., Brito, L.G., Moya-Borja, G.E., Daemon, E., Determinação das exigências térmicas para o desenvolvimento pós-embrionário de Lucilia cuprina (Wied., 1830) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) (2001) Parasitol Día, 25, pp. 3-4. , 10.4067/S0716-07202001000300005Pape, T., (1996) Catalogue of the Sarcophagidae of the World (Insecta: Diptera), , Memoirs on Entomology International 8Reibe, S., Doetinchem, P., Madea, B., A new simulation-based model for calculating post-mortem intervals using developmental data for Lucilia sericata (Dipt.: Calliphoridae) (2010) Parasitol Res, 107, pp. 9-16. , 20440626 10.1007/s00436-010-1879-xRichards, C.S., Price, B.W., Villet, M.H., Thermal ecophysiology of seven carrion-feeding blowflies in Southern Africa (2009) Entomol Exp Appl, 131, pp. 11-19. , 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2009.00824.xSas Inc., S.A.S., Incorporation, I., (1996) S.A.S. User's Guide: Statistics, , 6.12. Cary: S.A.S Institute Inc SAS Inc. S.A.S. Institute Incorporation (1996) was not cited anywhere in the text. Please provide a citation. Alternatively, delete the item from the list SAS Inc. S.A.S. Institute Incorporation (1996) was not cited anywhere in the text. Please provide a citation. Alternatively, delete the item from the listSilveira Neto, S., (1976) Manual de Ecologia Dos Insetos, , São Paulo Agronômica Ceres Silveira Neto (1976) was not cited anywhere in the text. Please provide a citation. Alternatively, delete the item from the listSouza, A.M., Linhares, A.X., Diptera and Coleoptera of potential forensic importance in Southeastern Brazil: Relative abundance and seasonality (1997) Med Vet Entomol, 11, pp. 8-12. , 9061672 10.1111/j.1365-2915.1997.tb00284.xSouza, A.S.B., Kirst, F.D., Kruger, R.F., Insetos de importância forense do Rio Grande do Sul, sul do Brasil (2008) Rev Bras Entomol, 52, pp. 641-646. , 10.1590/S0085-56262008000400016Sukontason, K., Narongchai, P., Kanchai, C., Vichairat, K., Sribanditmongkol, P., Bhoopat, T., Kurahashi, H., Sukontason, K.L., Forensic entomology cases in Thailand: A review of cases from 2000 to 2006 (2007) Parasitol Res, 101, pp. 1417-1123. , 17647017 10.1007/s00436-007-0659-8Thyssen, P.J., (2005) Caracterização das Formas Imaturas e Determinaç ão das Exigências Térmicas de Duas Espécies de Califorídeos (Diptera) de Importância Forense, , http://www.bibliotecadigital.unicamp.br/document/?code=vtls000348604, PhD Thesis, State University of CampinasThyssen, P.J., Entomologia Forense (2011) Entomologia Médica e Veterinária, pp. 129-137. , Marcondes CB (org.) 2 ed. 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Richness And Composition Of Calliphoridae In An Atlantic Forest Fragment: Implication For The Use Of Dipteran Species As Bioindicators

Studies measuring the damage in degraded environments have increased, and it is necessary to obtain reliable biological and ecological indicators for the recovery of such degraded environments and subsequent preservation. This study aimed to conduct a survey of local insects and evaluate their utility in monitoring forest restoration in a degraded area in the Atlantic Forest biome in Ribeirao Grande, State of São Paulo, Brazil. Collections with Shuey traps were conducted from 2006 to 2011 in four distinct forest fragments characterized by environmental impacts, human actions, and phytophysiognomic profiles: Forest (FO), a preserved area with native plant species; "Capoeira" (CA), an area in the natural regeneration process; Planting (PL), an area reforested with native plants; and Pasture (PA), an area with only shrubs. A total of 2,456 specimens of Calliphoridae (Diptera) were collected. Mesembrinella bellardiana was the most abundant (n = 1,884) and dominant species in all environments sampled. The relative abundance of M. bellardiana in the most preserved environment (60.2 % FO, 24.4 % CA, 8.6 % PL, and 6.7 % PA) and other ecological parameters showed that it could be a bioindicator species, i.e., data on its presence or absence directly reflected the status of local preservation. Information on Neotropical dipterans associated with the forested environment is very scarce in the literature. To our knowledge, this is the first study describing the occurrence of Calliphora lopesi (Calliphoridae) in the State of São Paulo. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.221126352643Ayres, M., Ayres-Jr, M., Ayres, D.L., Santos, A.A.S., (2003) BioEstat 3.0-Aplicações Estatísticas Nas Áreas Das Ciências Bio-Médicas, p. 291. , Belém: Sociedade Civil Mamirauá(2012) Banco de Dados Metereológicos para Ensino e Pesquisa, , http://www.inmet.gov.br/projetos/rede/pesquisa, BDMEP Acessed 12 Sept 2012Bizzo, L., Gottschalk, M.S., De Toni, D.C., Hofmann, P.R.P., Seasonal dynamics of a drosophilid (Diptera) assemblage and its potencial as bioindicator in open environments (2010) Iheringia Zool, 100, pp. 185-191Bonatto, S.R., (2001) Revisão e análise cladística de Mesembrinellinae stat. restaur. (Diptera, Caliphoridae), , PhD Thesis, Universidade Federal do ParanáBrown, K.S., Diversity, disturbance, and sustainable use of Neotropical forests: insects as indicators for conservation monitoring (1997) J Insect Conserv, 1, pp. 25-42Brown, K.S., Hutchings, R.W., Disturbance, fragmentation, and the dynamics of diversity in Amazonian forest butterflies (1997) Tropical Forest Remnants: Ecology, Management, and Conservation of Fragmented Communities, p. 632. , W. F. Laurance and R. O. Bierregaard-Jr (Eds.), Chicago: University of Chicago PressCarvalho, C.J.B., Ribeiro, P.B., Chave de identificação das espécies de Calliphoridae (Diptera) do Sul do Brasil (2000) Rev Bras Parasitol V, 9, pp. 169-173D'Almeida, J.M., Lopes, H.S., Sinantropia de Dípteros Muscóides (Calliphoridae) no Estado do Rio de Janeiro (1983) Arq Univ Fed Rural, 6, pp. 39-48Dean, W., (2004) A Ferro E Fogo: A História E a Devastação Da Mata Atlântica Brasileira, p. 484. , São Paulo: Companhia das LetrasDidham, R.K., An overview of invertebrate responses to forest fragmentation (1997) Forests and Insects, pp. 301-318. , In: Watt AD, Stork NE, Hunter MD (eds) Chapman and Hall, London 424Doge, J.S., Valente, V.L.S., Hofmann, P.R.P., Drosophilids (Diptera) from an Atlantic Forest Area in Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil (2008) Rev Bras Entomol, 52, pp. 615-624Esposito, M.C., Carvalho, F.S., (2006) Composição e abundância de califorídeos e mesembrinelídeos (Insecta, Diptera) nas clareiras e matas da base de extração petrolífera, Bacia do Rio Urucu, Coari, Amazonas, , http://projetos.inpa.gov.br/ctpetro/workshop_site/Resumos_pt1/pdf/04CALIFORIDEOS_CRISTINA_REVISADO.pdf, Accessed 11 oct 2012Ferraz, A.C.P., Gadelha, B.Q., Aguiar-Coelho, V.M., Influência Climática e Antrópica na Abundância e Riqueza de Calliphoridae (Diptera) em Fragmento Florestal da Reserva Biológica do Tinguá, RJ (2010) Neotrop Entomol, 39, pp. 476-485Ferreira, M.J.M., Lacerda, P.V., Muscóides sinantrópicos associados ao lixo urbano em Goiânia, Goiás (1993) Rev Bras Zool, 10, pp. 185-195Gadelha, B.Q., Ferraz, A.C.P., Aguiar-Coelho, V.M., A importância dos mesembrinelíneos (Diptera: Calliphoridae) e seu potencial como indicadores de preservação ambiental (2009) Oecol Bras, 13, pp. 661-665Greenberg, B., (1971) Flies and Diseases. Ecology, Classification and Biotic Association, p. 856. , 1st edn., Princeton: Princeton UniversityGreenberg, B., Flies and diseases (1973) Biology and disease transmission, p. 447. , 1st edn. Princeton University, PrincetonGuimarães, J.H., A systematic revision of the Mesembrinellidae, stat. nov. (Diptera, Cyclorrhapha) (1977) Arq Zool, 29, pp. 1-109Hammer, O., Harper, D.A.T., Ryan, P.D., PAST: paleontological statistics software package for education and analysis (2001) Paleontol Elet, 4, pp. 1-9Holloway, J.D., Bradley, J.D., Carter, J.D., (1987) Guides to Insects of Importance to Man. Lepidoptera, 1, p. 62. , Wallingford: C.A.B. InternationalHuston, A.H., (1995) Biological Diversity: The Coexistence of Species on Changing Landscapes, p. 681. , Cambridge: Cambridge University(2012) Ecossistemas brasileiros-Mata Atlântica, , http://www.ibama.gov.br/ecossistemas/mata_atlantica.htm, IBAMA Acessed 03 Oct 2012Köeppen, W.P., (1948) Climatología, p. 478. , México: Fondo de Cultura Econo^micaKremen, C., Colwell, R.K., Erwin, T.L., Murphy, D.D., Noss, R.F., Sanjayan, M.A., Terrestrial arthropod assemblages: their use in conservation planning (1993) Conserv Biol, 7, pp. 796-808Leandro, M.J.F., Dalmeida, J.M., Levantamento de Calliphoridae, Fanniidae, Muscidae e Sarcophagidae em um fragmento de mata na Ilha do Governador, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (2005) Iheringia Ser Zool, 95, pp. 377-381Linhares, A.X., Synanthropy of Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae (Diptera) in the city of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil (1981) Rev Bras Entomol, 25, pp. 189-215Linhares, A.X., Thyssen, P.J., Miíases de Importância Médica-Moscas e Entomologia Forense (2007) Parasitologia Clínica-Seleção De Métodos E Técnicas De Laboratório Para O Diagnóstico Das Parasitoses Humanas, p. 906. , 2nd edn., G. 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Species composition and ecology (Insecta, Diptera) (1990) Graellsia, 46, pp. 7-18Mata, R.A., McGeoch, M., Tidon, R., Drosophilid assemblages as a bioindicator system of human disturbance in the Brazilian Savanna (2008) Biodivers Conserv, 17, pp. 2899-2916Mata, R.A., McGeoch, M.A., Tidon, R., Drosophilids (Insecta, Diptera) as tools for conservation biology (2010) Nat Cons, 8, pp. 60-65McGeoch, M.A., The selection, testing and application of terrestrial insects as bioindicators (1998) Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc, 73, pp. 181-201Mello, R.P., Chave para identificação das formas adultas das espécies da família Calliphoridae (Diptera, Brachycera, Cyclorrhapha) encontradas no Brasil (2003) Entomol Vect, 10, pp. 255-268Moreno, C.E., (2001) Métodos para medir la biodiversidad, 1, p. 84. , M&T-Manuales y Tesis SEA, ZaragozaNave, A.G., (2005) Banco de sementes autóctone e alóctone, resgate de plantas e plantio de vegetação nativa na Fazenda Intermontes, município de Ribeirão Grande, SP, , PhD. Thesis, Universidade de São PauloOfferman, H.L., Dale, V.H., Pearson, S.M., Bierregaard-Jr, R.O., O'Neill, R.V., Effects of forest fragmentation on neotropical fauna: current research and data availability (1995) Environ Rev, 3, pp. 191-211Rodrigues, W.C., (2007) DivEs - Diversidade de Espécies - Guia do Usuário. 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Observations On The Succession Patterns Of Necrophagous Insects On A Pig Carcass In An Urban Area Of Southeastern Brazil

Carcasses of the domestic pig (Sus scrofa L.) were exposed in an urban area in the vicinity of Campinas SP, Brazil, to determine stages of decomposition and insects of forensic significance exploiting the carcasses. Four species of Calliphoridae (Diptera) were collected and considered to be of potential forensic significance for urban situations in the regions: Chrysomya albiceps, Chrysomya megacephala, Chrysomya putoria, and Lucilia eximia. Unlike many other studies, Sarcophagidae were relatively late arrivals at the carcass with actvity beginning on day 5, while Muscidae species arrived early. Ant activity, which began on day 1 of the study, was observed to retard the rate of biomass removal. © 2004 The Authors, The Guest Editor & Aggrawal's Internet Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology. All rights reserved.513339Catts, E.P., Goff, M.L., Forensic entomology in criminal investigations (1992) Ann. Rev. Entomol., 37, pp. 253-272Smith, K.G.V., (1986) A Manual of Forensic Entomology, p. 205. , Cornell Univ Press, Ithaca, NYKeh, B., Scope and applications of forensic entomology (1985) Ann. Rev. Entomol., 30, pp. 137-154Nuorteva, P., Sarcosaprophagous insects as forensic indicators (1997) Forensic Medicine: A Study in Trauma and Environmental Hazards, 2, pp. 1072-1095. , C.G. Tedeshi, W.G. Eckert, L.G. Tedeshi (Eds), LondonOliva, A., Ravioli, J., Trezza, F., Navarri, C., Entomologia forensic (1995) Pren Méd Argent, 82, pp. 229-234Catts, E.P., Haskell, N.H., (1990) Entomology & Death: A Procedural Guide, p. 182. , Joyce's Print Shop, USAGoff, M.L., Lord, W.D., Entomotoxicology: A new area for forensic investigation (1994) Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol., 15, pp. 51-57Marchenko, M.I., Medicolegal relevance of cadaver entomofauna for the determination of the time of death (2001) Forensic Sci. Internat., 120, pp. 89-100Erzinçlioglu, Y.Z., The application of entomology to forensic medicine (1983) Med. Sci. Law, 12, pp. 57-63Souza, A.M., Linhares, A.X., Diptera and Coleopta of potential forensic importance in southeastern Brazil: Relative abundance and seasonality (1997) Med. Vet. Entamol., 11, pp. 8-12Carvalho, L.M.L., Linhares, A.X., Seasonality of insect succession and pig carcass decomposition in a natural forest area in Southeastern Brazil (2001) J. Forensic Sci., 46, pp. 604-608Anderson, G.A., VanLaerhoven, S.L., Initials studies on insect succession on carrion in Southwestern British Columbia (1996) J. Forensic Sci., 41, pp. 617-625Early, M., Giff, M.L., Arthropod succession patterns in exposed carrion on the Island of Oahu, hawaiian Island, USA (1986) J. Med. Entomol., 23, pp. 520-531Goff, M.L., Estimation of postmoertem interval using arthopod development and successional patterns (1993) Forensic Sci. Rev., 5, pp. 81-94Richards, E.N., Goff, M.L., Arthropod succession on exposed carrion in three contrasting tropical habitats on Hawaii Island, Hawaii (1997) J. Med. Entomol., 34, pp. 328-339Payne, J.A., A summer carrion study of the baby pig Sus scrofa Linnaeus (1965) Ecology, 46, pp. 592-602Stoker, R.L., Grant, W.E., Vinson, S.B., Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) effect on invertebrate decomposers of carrion in Central Texas (1995) Environ. Entomol., 24, pp. 817-822Houston, D.C., Effect of ant predation on carrion insect communities in a brazilian forest (1987) Biotropica, 119, p. 37