Plasmas and Controlled Nuclear Fusion

Contains reports on two research projects.U. S. Atomic Energy Commission (Contract AT(11-1)-3070

Spheromak path to fusion

The spheromak attributes� - internally generated toroidal magnetic field without linked coils, dynamo-driven plasma current resulting from helicity injection, and compactness - lead to attractive reactor options ranging from �conventional� steady-state designs, to high beta pulsed configurations, and to-the core of a Magnetized Target Fusion (MTF) device. The resolution of the physics issues associated with these attributes, discussed in later sections, will determine the size and viability of the reactors. Preliminary designs, however, have been made and illustrate the opportunities

Plasmas and Controlled Nuclear Fusion

Contains reports on three research projects.U. S. Atomic Energy Commission (Contract AT(30-1)-3980

High-flux source of fusion neutrons for material and component testing

The inner part of a fusion reactor will have to operate at very high neutron loads. In steady-state reactors the minimum fluence before the scheduled replacement of the reactor core should be at least l0-15 Mw.yr/m2. A more frequent replacement of the core is hardly compatible with economic constraints. A most recent summary of the discussions of these issues is presented in Ref. [l]. If and when times come to build a commercial fusion reactor, the availability of information on the behavior of materials and components at such fluences will become mandatory for making a final decision. This makes it necessary an early development and construction of a neutron source for fusion material and component testing. In this paper, we present information on one very attractive concept of such a source: a source based on a so called Gas Dynamic Trap. This neutron source was proposed in the mid 1980s (Ref. [2]; see also a survey [3] with discussion of the early stage of the project). Since then, gradual accumulation of the relevant experimental information on a modest-scale experimental facility GDT at Novosibirsk, together with a continuing design activity, have made initial theoretical considerations much more credible. We believe that such a source can be built within 4 or 5 years. Of course, one should remember that there is a chance for developing steady-state reactors with a liquid (and therefore continuously renewable) first wall [4], which would also serve as a tritium breeder. In this case, the need in the neutron testing will become less pressing. However, it is not clear yet that the concept of the flowing wall will be compatible with all types of steady-state reactors. It seems therefore prudent to be prepared to the need of a quick construction of a neutron source. It should also be mentioned that there exist projects of the accelerator-based neutron sources (e.g., [5]). However, they generally have two major disadvantages: a wrong neutron spectrum, with a considerable excess of high-energy neutrons, and smaller test volume. In addition their development requires considerable investments into non-fusion-related technologies, whereas the work on plasma-type sources would certainly boost technology of fusion energy. Broad discussion of these issues can be found in Refs. [3, 6, 7]

From paradox to pattern shift: Conceptualising liminal hotspots and their affective dynamics

This article introduces the concept of liminal hotspots as a specifically psychosocial and sociopsychological type of wicked problem, best addressed in a process-theoretical framework. A liminal hotspot is defined as an occasion characterised by the experience of being trapped in the interstitial dimension between different forms-of-process. The paper has two main aims. First, to articulate a nexus of concepts associated with liminal hotspots that together provide general analytic purchase on a wide range of problems concerning “troubled” becoming. Second, to provide concrete illustrations through examples drawn from the health domain. In the conclusion, we briefly indicate the sense in which liminal hotspots are part of broader and deeper historical processes associated with changing modes for the management and navigation of liminality

Plasmas and Controlled Nuclear Fusion

Contains reports on three research projects.U. S. Atomic Energy Commission (Contract AT(11-1)-3070

Turning round the telescope. Centre-right parties and immigration and integration policy in Europe

This is an Author's Original Manuscript of 'Turning round the telescope. Centre-right parties and immigration and integration policy in Europe', whose final and definitive form, the Version of Record, has been published in the Journal of European Public Policy 15(3):315-330, 2008 [copyright Taylor & Francis], available online at: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi.org/10.1080/13501760701847341

Plasmas and Controlled Nuclear Fusion

Contains reports on five research projects.U. S. Atomic Energy Commission (Contract AT(30-1)-3980

Plasmas and Controlled Nuclear Fusion

Contains research objectives, summary of research and reports on six research projects.U. S. Atomic Energy Commission (Contract AT(11-1)-3070