A proposal to couple the ESRB with the ESM

On the occasion of related proposals by the European Commission and the Eurogroup, this paper proposes to entrust the ESM with the hosting of the ESRB in the medium term. The novel proposal aims at strengthening the macro-prudential expertise of the ESM and at enhancing the independence of the ESRB. Following a brief summary of related proposals, the main rationales and the key elements of the proposal are presented in detail

A Model to Explore Responses of Spruce Stands to Air-Pollution Stress in Europe

Systems analysis has proven to be a suitable instrument for describing the processes taking place in pollution-damaged forest stands and for simulating the ecosystem behavior in various environmental situations. In a preliminary model showing the behavior of pollution-damaged spruce stands, site, air pollution, stand structure and management are taken into consideration. The target of this model consists of simulating system behavior under variable pollutant stressors and management strategies, and of serving as a basis for decision-making. The basic model is subdivided into the following submodels: "Forest stand" with management as well as external ecological factors and international modifications; "Leaf quantity/leaf fall"; "Net assimilation"; and "Dendromass distribution". A soil model from other authors is being incorporated. After a comparison with similar models, reference is made to further possibilities of application

Christian Thomasius, el Estado de derecho y la separación entre Iglesia y Estado

Christian Thomasius was above all a professor of jurisprudence who used his legal skills to resolve all sorts of legal, political, and moral problems. In this article we review two of his writings that contributed to his rearticulation of the relations between religion and politics in early modernity. He used the elements of what later became the concept of the rule of law to defend Denis Veiras, author of the Histoire des Sevarambes, against charges of atheism. He also defended the skeptical jurisprudence of Georg Heber as the best instrument for separating church and state and assigning each their proper roles, and made use of theological skepticism to justify excluding the theologians from politics and limit the interventions of princes into religious matters except in cases where the peace of the state was endangered.Christian Thomasius fue, ante todo, un profesor de Derecho que utilizó su formación jurídica para resolver todo tipo de problemas legales, políticos y morales. En este artículo veremos que dos de sus escritos plasmaron parte de su contribución a la articulación de las relaciones apropiadas entre religión y política en la modernidad. Asimismo, utilizó el incipiente concepto de Estado de derecho (rule of law) para defender a Denis Veiras, autor de la Histoire des Sevarambes, de la acusación de ateísmo. Del mismo modo, defendió la jurisprudencia escéptica de Georg Heber como el mejor instrumento para separar la Iglesia del Estado, y se valió de la teología escéptica para justificar la exclusión de los teólogos de la política y contener la intervención de los príncipes en asuntos religiosos, salvo en los casos en que estuviese en juego la paz política

Family-based prevention against substance abuse and behavioral problems: culture-sensitive adaptation process for the modification of the US-American Strengthening Families Program 10–14 to German conditions

Aim: The Strengthening Families Program 10–14 (SFP 10–14) was developed in 1993 at the Iowa State University as a universal family-based prevention program against substance abuse and behavioral problems in youth aged 10 to 14 years. Its effectiveness in delaying the initiation of tobacco, alcohol and cannabis use, in decreasing the average amount consumed and in reducing adolescents’ problem behavior in school and at home has been repeatedly evaluated in randomized-controlled studies in the US. While there is a well-established system of school- and community-based prevention in Germany, there is a lack of family-based prevention. This situation would be improved by the cultural adaptation and evaluation of SFP 10–14 in Germany. Subjects and methods: Focus group meetings were held with experts from family assistance and drug prevention, as well as with parents of children within the ages of the target group, in three geographically different cities in Germany (Hamburg, Schwerin and Munich). Group members were presented the original version of the material from the US (teaching manuals and DVDs), as well as an already adapted version from the UK. Group members developed criteria in a group discussion process necessary for the adaptation of the material to the German culture. Following the newly defined criteria, new teaching DVDs and manuals were produced. Results: As a result of the focus groups meetings, several aspects concerning the adaptation of the material had to be considered. Four aspects were especially important: (1) application to the regional social structures in Germany, within the target group (risk population: migration background, socioeconomic status, family structure), (2) adaptation to the German language (colloquial language, idiomatic expressions, non-verbal language), (3) consideration of culturally dependent norms about parents’ and children’s role model behavior, as well as the problem definition for behavior that is supposed to be addressed (family, school, peer group) and (4) the program’s adequate incorporation into the conditions of the local support system. Conclusions: Neither of the two existing SFP versions (US and UK version) could serve as a matrix for the German version, extensive adaptations were necessary. Results from the adaptation process carried out earlier in the UK with the original material from the US were helpful in this process. The German version of the program (Familien stärken) will be evaluated for a target group that consists of families with low socioeconomic status. This randomized-controlled multicenter study will be carried out in different German cities (Hamburg, Hanover, Schwerin, Rostock and Munich) between 2010 and 2013

Adaptation and Psychometric Evaluation of the Young Diagnostic Questionnaire (YDQ) for Parental Assessment of Adolescent Problematic Internet Use

Background and aims The surge of problematic Internet use in adolescents is a continuously growing problem across the globe. To our knowledge, to date valid questionnaire-based measurement of problematic Internet use is possible only by self-assessment. The objective for the present study was to adapt an established instrument for a parental assessment of adolescent problematic Internet use and to evaluate the psychometric properties of this questionnaire. Methods Data were collected from a representative German sample of 1,000 parents of adolescents aged between 12 and 17 years using a standardized questionnaire. To assess problematic Internet use, we adapted the established Young Diagnostic Questionnaire by rewording the items to survey a parental rating instead of a self-report (“Parental version of the Young Diagnostic Questionnaire,” PYDQ). Additionally, we assessed the Internet usage time, parental monitoring, family functioning, school performance of the adolescent, and parent–adolescent conflicts. We conducted a confirmatory factor analysis based on the 8 items of the PYDQ modeled as categorical indicators and one latent factor using a robust weighted least squares estimator. We also calculated a reliability coefficient, the acceptance of the instrument, and performed correlation analyses. Results The unidimensional model showed excellent global goodness-of-fit (χ2/df = 1.65, RMSEA = 0.03, CFI = 0.99, TLI = 0.99) and satisfactory factor loadings (standardized values ranged from 0.60 to 0.77). We observed a reliability coefficient of 0.70, a good acceptance of the instrument, and the correlation analyses indicated the construct validity of the PYDQ. Discussion and conclusion The proposed PYDQ is a suitable instrument for parental assessment of adolescent problematic Internet use

Dissertatio juridica, De tortura ex foris Christianorum proscribenda, Von Abschaffung der Tortur in denen Christlichen Gerichten, quam praeside dn. Christiano Thomasio ... in alma Fridericiana ... anno 1705. mense jun. respondendo propugnavit Martinus Bernhardi, Pomer Halae Salicae : ex officina Hendeliana, 1743

Dissertatio juridica, De tortura ex foris Christianorum proscribenda, Von Abschaffung der Tortur in denen Christlichen Gerichten, quam praeside dn. Christiano Thomasio ... in alma Fridericiana ... anno 1705. mense jun. respondendo propugnavit Martinus Bernhardi, Pomer Halae Salicae : ex officina Hendeliana, 1743 37, [3] p. ; 4° Iniz. e fregi xilogr Segn.: A-E⁴

Nundinarum Moeno-Francofurtensium historiam jura et privilegia permissu illustris jctorum ordinis moderamen gerente D. Traugott Thomasio ... placidae submittit disquistioni auctor responsurus Joh. Benjamin Lehnemann. Lipsiae d. 27. Mart. 1738 [Lipsia] : litteris Gabrielis Trogii

Nundinarum Moeno-Francofurtensium historiam jura et privilegia permissu illustris jctorum ordinis moderamen gerente D. Traugott Thomasio ... placidae submittit disquistioni auctor responsurus Joh. Benjamin Lehnemann. Lipsiae d. 27. Mart. 1738 [Lipsia] : litteris Gabrielis Trogii 48 p. ; 4° In testa al front. Q.D.B.V Pubblicato presumibilmente nel 1738 come si ricava nel tit Numeri romani nel tit Segn.: A-F4 Iniz. e testatina xilogr. a c. A2r

Disputatio juris canonici De origine ac progressu processus inquisitorii contra sagas, Vom Ursprunge, Anfang und Fortgang des Hexen-Processes, quam ... præside dn. Christiano Thomasio ... in alma Fridericiana a. 1712. d. 30. april. respondendo propugnavit Johannes Paulus Ipsen, .. Halæ Magdeb. : Sumtu Hendeliano, 1740

Disputatio juris canonici De origine ac progressu processus inquisitorii contra sagas, Vom Ursprunge, Anfang und Fortgang des Hexen-Processes, quam ... præside dn. Christiano Thomasio ... in alma Fridericiana a. 1712. d. 30. april. respondendo propugnavit Johannes Paulus Ipsen, .. Halæ Magdeb. : Sumtu Hendeliano, 1740 84 [i.e. 72] p. ; 4º Anno e giorno nel tit. espressi in numeri romani Iniziale e fregi xilogr Omesse nella numerazione le p. 65-66; la p. 74 numerata 8

Dissertatio inauguralis iuridica De iure aggratiandi principis evangelici in causis homicidii, Von dem Recht eines Evangelischen Fursten einem Todtschlager das Leben zu schencken, quam praesine Dn. Christian. Thomasio ... in almae Fridericianae auditorium maiori pro licentia summos in utroque iure honores et doctoralia privilegia rite capessendi, d. 21. iun. 1707 horis ante & pomeridianis publico eruditorum examini submisit Rembertus Clusener .. Recusa Halae Magdeburgicae : literis Christ. Ludov. Sympheri acad. typogr., 1739

Dissertatio inauguralis iuridica De iure aggratiandi principis evangelici in causis homicidii, Von dem Recht eines Evangelischen Fursten einem Todtschlager das Leben zu schencken, quam praesine Dn. Christian. Thomasio ... in almae Fridericianae auditorium maiori pro licentia summos in utroque iure honores et doctoralia privilegia rite capessendi, d. 21. iun. 1707 horis ante & pomeridianis publico eruditorum examini submisit Rembertus Clusener .. Recusa Halae Magdeburgicae : literis Christ. Ludov. Sympheri acad. typogr., 1739 56 p. ; 4° Anno e giorno nel tit. espressi in numeri roman