Parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos da tilápia-do-Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus L.) sob estresse por exposição ao ar

No presente trabalho avaliaram-se os parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos de exemplares adultos de tilápias (Oreochromis niloticus) sob a influência do fator estresse fisiológico em animais submetidos à exposição ao ar durante a engorda em sistema raceway. Foram analisados o eritrograma, teor de hemoglobina, volume globular, o volume corpuscular médio (VCM), a hemoglobina corpuscular média (HCM), a concentração de hemoglobina corpuscular média (CHCM), o leucograma, contagem diferencial de leucócitos, o plaquetograma, a glicose, a proteína total, o colesterol, o triglicerídeo e os eletrólitos (cálcio, cloretos, sódio e potássio). Os resultados revelaram que houve uma homogeneidade de distribuição para hemácias, volume globular, hemoglobina, índices hemantimétricos, proteína total, glicose, colesterol, e íons séricos, indicados pelos valores relativamente baixos do coeficiente de variação. Houve correlação positiva somente para leucócitos totais, células de defesa orgânica (neutrófilos e linfócitos), glicose, colesterol, sódio e cálcio. Quanto ao leucograma, à medida que os animais foram expostos ao ar, o número de leucócitos diminuiu gradativamente (leucopenia), ocorrendo simultaneamente neutrofilia e linfopenia. O índice glicêmico constituiu um bom indicador de estresse fisiológico, devido à hiperglicemia (82,0±20,88mg/dL) demonstrada nos tratamentos. A exposição ao ar constituiu um fator de desequilíbrio na homeostase iônica, e na síntese de colesterol endógeno. Entretanto, o tempo de recuperação não ocasionou a completa reabilitação fisiológica frente ao desafio imposto

Whole-genome sequencing reveals host factors underlying critical COVID-19

Critical COVID-19 is caused by immune-mediated inflammatory lung injury. Host genetic variation influences the development of illness requiring critical care1 or hospitalization2,3,4 after infection with SARS-CoV-2. The GenOMICC (Genetics of Mortality in Critical Care) study enables the comparison of genomes from individuals who are critically ill with those of population controls to find underlying disease mechanisms. Here we use whole-genome sequencing in 7,491 critically ill individuals compared with 48,400 controls to discover and replicate 23 independent variants that significantly predispose to critical COVID-19. We identify 16 new independent associations, including variants within genes that are involved in interferon signalling (IL10RB and PLSCR1), leucocyte differentiation (BCL11A) and blood-type antigen secretor status (FUT2). Using transcriptome-wide association and colocalization to infer the effect of gene expression on disease severity, we find evidence that implicates multiple genes—including reduced expression of a membrane flippase (ATP11A), and increased expression of a mucin (MUC1)—in critical disease. Mendelian randomization provides evidence in support of causal roles for myeloid cell adhesion molecules (SELE, ICAM5 and CD209) and the coagulation factor F8, all of which are potentially druggable targets. Our results are broadly consistent with a multi-component model of COVID-19 pathophysiology, in which at least two distinct mechanisms can predispose to life-threatening disease: failure to control viral replication; or an enhanced tendency towards pulmonary inflammation and intravascular coagulation. We show that comparison between cases of critical illness and population controls is highly efficient for the detection of therapeutically relevant mechanisms of disease

Molecular detection of Papaya meleira virus in the latex of Carica papaya by RT-PCR

A RT-PCR assay was developed for early and accurate detection of Papaya meleira virus (PMeV) in the latex from infected papayas. The meleira disease is characterized by an excessive exudation of more fluidic latex from fruits, leaves and stems. This latex oxidises and gives the fruit a ¿sticky¿ texture. In the field, disease symptoms are seen almost exclusively on fruit. However, infected plants can be a source of virus for dissemination by insects. Primers specific for PMeV were designed based on nucleotide sequences of the viral dsRNA obtained using a RT-RAPD approach. When tested for RT-PCR amplification, one of these primers (C05-3¿) amplified a 669-nucleotide fragment using dsRNA obtained from purified virus particles as a template. The translated sequence of this DNA fragment showed a certain degree of similarity to the amino acid sequence of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases from other dsRNA viruses. When used as the single primer in two RT-PCR kits available commercially, primer C05-3¿ also amplified the DNA fragment from papaya latex of infected, but not from healthy plants. The RT-PCR-based method developed in this study could simplify early plant disease diagnosis, assist in monitoring the dissemination of the pathogen within and between fields, and assist in guiding plant disease management

Características hematológicas de teleósteos brasileiros: IV. Variáveis do jundiá Rhamdia quelen ( Pimelodidae) Haematological characteristics of brazilian teleosts: IV. Parameters of jundiá Rhamdia quelen (Pimelodidae)

As características hematológicas do jundiá Rhamdia quelen Quoy & Gaimard, 1824 (Osteichthyes: Pimelodidae), oriundo de cativeiro foram estudadas. Determinou-se o valor médio da contagem de eritrócitos, taxa de hemoglobina, hematócrito, volume corpuscular médio (VCM), concentração de hemoglobina corpuscular média (CHCM) e distribuição percentual de células sangüíneas de defesa orgânica. As células sangüíneas de defesa orgânica (leucócitos e trombócitos) foram identificadas e caracterizadas morfologicamente. Trombócitos e linfócitos foram as células sangüíneas de defesa orgânica mais freqüente nas extensões sangüíneas do R. quelen. A análise de regressão mostrou correlação linear negativa entre o percentual de trombócitos e linfócitos. Os resultados deste estudo fornecem valores sangüíneos normais em R. quelen, em cultivo intensivo, que poderão servir de comparação com dados dessa espécie em outras situações de cultivo.<br>The present paper describes haematological characteristics of jundiá Rhamdia quelen Quoy & Gaimard, 1824 (Osteichthyes: Pimelodidae), reared in captivity. The average values of red blood cells count, hematocrit, hemoglobin rate, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and defense blood cells (leukocytes and thrombocytes), were determined. Identification and morphology of organic defense blood cells were reported. Thrombocytes and lymphocytes were the most frequent cells in slides blood of R. quelen. Linear regression analysis showed negative correlation between thrombocytes and lymphocytes percentual. The present results furnish normal blood values of R. quelen reared intensively, that assist in comparison to the other culture conditions