Modulational-instability-free pulse compression in anti-resonant hollow-core photonic crystal fiber

Gas-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is used for efficient nonlinear temporal compression of femtosecond laser pulses, two main schemes being direct soliton-effect self-compression, and spectral broadening followed by phase compensation. To obtain stable compressed pulses, it is crucial to avoid decoherence through modulational instability (MI) during spectral broadening. Here we show that changes in dispersion due to spectral anti-crossings between the fundamental core mode and core wall resonances in anti-resonant-guiding hollow-core PCF can strongly alter the MI gain spectrum, enabling MI-free pulse compression for optimized fiber designs. In addition, higher-order dispersion can introduce MI even when the pump pulses lie in the normal dispersion region

The Influence of Trust and Security in the Use of Electronic Payment System in Manado

Electronic payment is the way to make in the process of buying and selling customers in real estate market or online market easier. Electronic payments give innovation to consumer with transaction overseas like online shopping. This study aims to determine the influence of trust and security in the use of electronic payment system. Where the independent variables are trust and security influence in using electronic payment system as the dependent variable. This research used quantitative method. The analytical method used was multiple linear regression analysis. The data used in this research is primary data obtain through the questionnaire. The population is this study was taken at mall and superstore in Manado. Samples are taken from 100 respondents using purposive sampling technique. The result found that security is the most influential to usage of electronic payment system, then trust. Indeed, security and trust has significant influence on usage of electronic payment system. In fact customers are scared that during the transactions hackers and Internet interlopers will steal their information. The service providers should improve the security system to prevent fraud. The service provider must build customers trust, avoid the misuse of technologies, protect customers privacy and maintain the companies reputation. So the effectiveness of security can be created. Keywords: trust, security, electronic payment system

Novel mid-infrared dispersive wave generation in gas-filled PCF by transient ionization-driven changes in dispersion

Gas-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fibre (PCF) is being used to generate ever wider supercontinuum spectra, in particular via dispersive wave (DW) emission in the deep and vacuum ultraviolet, with a multitude of applications. DWs are the result of the resonant transfer of energy from a self-compressed soliton, a process which relies crucially on phase matching. It was recently predicted that, in the strong-field regime, the additional transient anomalous dispersion introduced by gas ionization would allow phase-matched DW generation in the mid-infrared (MIR)-something that is forbidden in the absence of free electrons. Here we report for the first time the experimental observation of such MIR DWs, embedded in a 4.7-octave-wide supercontinuum that uniquely reaches simultaneously to the vacuum ultraviolet, with up to 1.7 W of total average power

Romantic relationships in adolescents with internalizing and externalizing problems

The main focus of this study was to examine the influence that individual’ psychological problems have on involvement and quality of adolescents’ romantic relationships. A sample of 621 adolescents (308 males and 313 females) aged from 14 to 17 years was recruited for this study. Psychological problems were assessed by means of Youth Self-Report that assessed externalizing (aggressive, disruptive, hyperactive, antisocial, and delinquent behaviours) or internalizing (depression, anxiety, and social withdrawal) problems. Differently from previous studies, it has been differentiated “pure” externalizing or internalizing problems from comorbidity forms of psychological problems. Total number of partners and the mean of relationships’ duration were used to explore the quantitative aspects of romantic relationships. Network of Relationships Inventory and a Relationship Satisfaction Scale were employed to measure the positive (companionship, intimacy, reliable alliance and Support) and negative (Conflict, Antagonism, and Reliable Power) qualities. Results showed that both adolescents with pure externalizing or with comorbidity problems reported a higher total number of partners than adolescents with pure internalizing problems did. Furthermore, they had romantic relationships characterized by more negative qualitative features

Stokes-Einstein relation of the liquid metal rubidium and its relationship to changes in the microscopic dynamics with increasing temperature

For liquid rubidium the Stokes-Einstein (SE) relation is well fulfilled near the melting point with an effective hydrodynamic diameter, which agrees well with a value from structural investigations. A wealth of thermodynamic and microscopic data exists for a wide range of temperatures for liquid rubidium and hence it represents a good test bed to challenge the SE relation with rising temperature from an experimental point of view. We performed classical molecular dynamics simulations to complement the existing experimental data using a pseudopotential, which describes perfectly the structure and dynamics of liquid rubidium. The derived SE relation from combining experimental shear viscosity data with simulated diffusion coefficients reveals a weak violation at about 1.3Tmelting ≈ 400 K. The microscopic relaxation dynamics on nearest neighbor distances from neutron spectroscopy demonstrate distinct changes in the amplitude with rising temperature. The derived average relaxation time for density fluctuations on this length scale shows a non-Arrhenius behavior, with a slope change around 1.5Tmelting ≈ 450 K. Combining the simulated macroscopic self-diffusion coefficient with that microscopic average relaxation time, a distinct violation of the SE relation in the same temperature range can be demonstrated. One can conclude that the changes in the collective dynamics, a mirror of the correlated movements of the particles, are at the origin for the violation of the SE relation. The changes in the dynamics can be understood as a transition from a more viscous liquid metal to a more fluid-like liquid above the crossover temperature range of 1.3–1.5 Tmelting. The decay of the amplitude of density fluctuations in liquid aluminium, lead, and rubidium demonstrates a remarkable agreement and points to a universal thermal crossover in the dynamics of liquid metals

Sensation Seeking and Gambling Behavior in Adolescence: Can Externalizing Problems Moderate This Relationship?

Gambling is a widespread phenomenon during adolescence. Among different risk factors involved in the onset of adolescent gambling behaviors, one factor that is studied is the sensation seeking personality trait. However, the literature is heterogeneous and a direct relationship between sensation seeking and gaming behaviors has not always been highlighted. This suggests that the relationship can be influenced by other factors. In particular, we explored the moderating role of externalizing problems in this relationship. A total of 363 adolescents (232 males and 131 females) aged 14 to 20 (M = 16.35, SD = 1.36) completed a battery of questionnaires aimed to assess their gambling behaviors, as well as the levels of externalizing problems and sensation seeking. The results showed that sensation seeking was associated with gambling severity, but this relationship was significant when externalizing problems were high and medium. On the contrary, when externalizing problems were low, the relationship between sensation seeking and gambling severity was not significant. Overall, sensation seeking in adolescence can favor the implementation of risk behaviors, such as gambling, but only in association with the presence of externalizing problems. Limitations, strengths, and social and clinical implications of the present study are discussed

Projections of Future Demand and Costs of Aged Care Services in China

The growing demand for aged care services has become a pressing challenge worldwide. However, the future changes in demand for aged care services and the corresponding socioeconomic consequences in rapidly aging societies are not yet adequately understood. To achieve a better understanding of the future demand for aged care services, this study provides a set of comprehensive projections of the scale of demand for aged care services and the associated economic burdens between 2010 and 2050 in the context of China. Using a research framework based on the life cycle approach and a modified Personal Social Services Research Unit model, the study projects that the size of Chinese elderly population (i.e., aged ≥ 60) demanding aged care services will grow considerably, reaching 127.4 million in 2050 and costing 2.6 trillion yuan (or 1.01% of Chinese gross domestic product). Home-/community-based care services will be the form of aged care most in demand by the 70.21 million Chinese elderly people in 2050, and the most needed types of aged care services will be feeding assistance. The results of the sensitivity analysis indicate that demand for and costs of aged care services are sensitive to the assumptions about patterns of elderly disability and the prices of aged care services. The projected growth in the future demand and costs of aged care services warrants more heightened attention from Chinese policymakers and providers of aged care services. The implications for other rapidly aging societies are also discussed

Improvement of performances of continuous biological water treatment with periodic solutions

We study periodic solutions of the chemostat model under an integral constraint, either on the flow rate (Pb. 1) or on the substrate concentration (Pb. 2). We give conditions on the growth kinetics for which it is possible to improve the averaged water quality (Pb. 1) or the total quantity of treated water (Pb. 2) over a given time period, compared to steady-state. When this is possible, we characterize optimal periodic solutions and show a duality between the two optimization problems. The results are illustrated on four types of growth kinetics, given by Monod, Haldane, Hill and Contois functions

Towards hybrid primary intersubjectivity: a neural robotics library for human science

Human-robot interaction is becoming an interesting area of research in cognitive science, notably, for the study of social cognition. Interaction theorists consider primary intersubjectivity a non-mentalist, pre-theoretical, non-conceptual sort of processes that ground a certain level of communication and understanding, and provide support to higher-level cognitive skills. We argue this sort of low level cognitive interaction, where control is shared in dyadic encounters, is susceptible of study with neural robots. Hence, in this work we pursue three main objectives. Firstly, from the concept of active inference we study primary intersubjectivity as a second person perspective experience characterized by predictive engagement, where perception, cognition, and action are accounted for an hermeneutic circle in dyadic interaction. Secondly, we propose an open-source methodology named \textit{neural robotics library} (NRL) for experimental human-robot interaction, and a demonstration program for interacting in real-time with a virtual Cartesian robot (VCBot). Lastly, through a study case, we discuss some ways human-robot (hybrid) intersubjectivity can contribute to human science research, such as to the fields of developmental psychology, educational technology, and cognitive rehabilitation

PHz-wide spectral interference through coherent plasma-induced fission of higher-order solitons

We identify a novel regime of soliton-plasma interactions in which high-intensity ultrashort pulses of intermediate soliton order undergo coherent plasma-induced fission. Experimental results obtained in gas-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fibers are supported by rigorous numerical simulations. The cumulative blueshift of higher-order input solitons with ionizing intensities results in pulse splitting before the ultimate self-compression point, leading to the generation of robust pulse pairs with PHz bandwidths. The novel dynamics closes the gap between plasma-induced adiabatic soliton compression and modulational instability