コウリギョウ ニ オケル フラワーロス タイサク ノ ナイヨウカイメイ ─ 3シャ ノ ジレイブンセキ ─

新型コロナウイルス感染症は，花き業界にも多大な影響を与えた。特に2020年3～5月の第1波では，業務用需要が大幅に減少した結果，大量の花が廃棄され，「フラワーロス」と称された。しかし，小売店での売れ残りに伴うロスや，出荷規格から外れたことによるロスなど，花の廃棄の問題は以前から存在している。本論は，小売業者による花の廃棄問題への対策の内容を解明し，コロナ禍における状況変化を明らかにすることを目的とした。そして，花の廃棄対策に積極的に取り組む小売業者3社の事例分析により，以下の2点を明らかにした。①発生を抑制・減量化するために，規格外品の販路の開拓，サブスクリプションサービスやオンラインD2C販売など流通の短縮化，販売数の確定や正確な予測などに取り組んでいる。②対策を行ったうえでも発生するロスを活用して，堆肥化などの新たな製品にリサイクル・アップサイクルしている。また，コロナ禍におけるフラワーロスへの関心の高まりが，広い範囲での花の廃棄削減に効果を発揮していることも明らかにした。The COVID-19 infection has had a significant impact on the flowering industry in Japan. Especially in its first wave from March to May 2020, large amounts of flowers were discarded as a result of a significant decrease in commercial demand, which was called “flower loss”. However, the problem of flower disposal has existed for a long time, such as loss due to unsold products at retail stores and loss due to deviation from market shipping standards. This study aims to clarify the concrete measures against flower loss issues by retailers and the changing situation in the time of Covid-19. The following two points were clarified by a case analysis of three retailers who are actively working on flower loss. First, in order to reduce the loss, they are working on it by developing sales channels for non-standard products, by shortening distribution channels such as subscription services and online D2C sales, by forecasting the number of sales more accurately. Second, utilizing the loss occurs even after taking measures and recycling/upcycling to new products such as compost. The study also makes clear that increasing interest in flower loss under Covid-19 spread has been effective in reducing flower waste across a wide range

看護学生が臨床場面を観察する時のアセスメント力を視覚情報から可視化する試み

Objective：To investigate whether the assessment capabilities of nursing students can be clarified from the observation contents of a questionnaire-based survey and the descriptive contents of thought processes using visual information to visualize the trajectories of their cognitive processes for patient observation.　Methods：Still images of model dummies receiving oxygen therapy and fluid therapy were shown to five third-year nursing college students who had taken all courses prior to practical training in different areas of nursing，and gaze measurements and a questionnaire-based survey were conducted.　Results：The students fixed their gazes the longest and the most frequently on intravenous（ IV）infusions，followed by oxygen inhalation and aspiration. Gaze trajectories followed a pattern of first looking at the face，perfunctorily checking all areas，and then carefully looking at each area considered necessary for observation，such as IV infusions，oxygen inhalation and aspiration. Four of the five students began by looking at the face and all of the students stopped to observe IVinfusions，oxygen inhalation，and aspiration for 2 seconds or longer.　In the studentsʼ descriptions of IV infusions，on which students fixated the longest and the most frequently，four students described noticing that “an IV infusion was attached” and thought that “drugs and other fluids were being fed into the body,” “a risk of IV infusion-related complications existed,” and “they would check for loosening of the needle or any bleeding.” Furthermore，“infusion management” and “ensuring reliable IV infusion management and an IV route” were described by the students as necessary support.　Discussion：The students surveyed in this study appeared to recognize that oxygen inhalation and IV infusions are areas that must be observed. Current practical training in nursing is aprocess of acquiring knowledge and experience; however，the findings of this study suggest that “the ability to anticipate,” “the ability to estimate safety and pain,” and “the ability to predict risks” are also being nurtured in students. These abilities allow students to use observations to recognize problems，such as the possibility that an IV needle may have come loose or that a patient may be receiving insufficient oxygen.The assessment capabilities of nursing students could conceivably be understood by visualizing the gazes fixed on focused images　and analyzing in conjunction with the observation contents of a questionnaire-based survey and the descriptive contents of thought processes. 　Increasing opportunities for students to observe nursing care through clinical images and increasing experiences that confirm knowledge，skills，and coping strategies that are necessary together with teachers could enhance studentsʼ assessment capabilities.目　的：本研究の目的は，動作を伴う視線計測に関する先行研究から，視線の測定方法，分析方法，対象者数の妥当性を明らかにすることである。方　法：文献の選定には，CiNii Articles，医学中央雑誌Web 版（Ver.5），Medical Online を用い，キーワードは「視線計測」「アイマークレコーダ」「注視」とした。得られた文献のうち，選定基準に合致した文献23 件を分析対象とした。帰納的に内容を分析し，機器の条件設定，対象者数，分析指標等をマトリックスシートに整理し，視線の測定方法や分析方法の妥当性を検討した。結　果：視線計測機器の条件設定において，眼球運動の測定には瞳孔角膜反射法が多く用いられており，視野カメラレンズには水平角92°のレンズが最も多く用いられていた。対象者と分析処理方法について，対象者5 名以下では視線パターンを把握することを目的としており，統計的検定は行われていなかった。一方で，11 名以上を対象とした文献では，若齢者と比較した高齢者の視線，非熟練者と比較した熟練者の視線の特徴を統計学的検定から明らかにしていた。分析指標としては「注視時間」「注視回数」「注視項目変化表」「視線軌跡」が多く用いられていた。考　察：動作を伴う視線計測から熟練者の技の可視化，新人看護師や看護学生の技術習得，患者教育に繋げるためには，モバイル型視線計測機器を用い，動作環境に合わせた視野カメラレンズ，キャリブレーション方法を選択する必要がある。また，10 名以上を対象とした注視時間や注視回数の比較，注視項目変化表の分析より，動作中の思考や認知のプロセスを推定することが可能になると示された原

Changes in serum antibody titers after vaccination for COVID-19 and evaluation of post-vaccination health conditions

　Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine has preventive effects and high immunogenicity, but the outcomes of vaccination have not been widely reported. The goal of this study was to examine serum antibody titers before and after vaccination and to evaluate post-vaccination health conditions.　Methods: The subjects were 2,304 medical workers (mean age 41 years) at Kawasaki Gakuen who agreed to participate in the study and underwent COVID-19 vaccination, beginning in March 2021. Serum IgG antibody titers for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were measured before the first vaccination and 4 weeks after the second vaccination. Health conditions were observed for 4 weeks after the second vaccination.　Results: The rates of seroconversion, seroprotection, and change in geometric mean antibody titer at 4 weeks after the second vaccination were 99.9%, 99.9%, and 2,685.5 (95% CI 587.8-5,319.2), respectively, suggesting high immunogenicity. After the first vaccination, pain, enlargement, and reddening occurred at the local injection site, and systemic side effects included fatigue, headache, physical pain, chill, nausea, and fever. After the second vaccination, the incidence of pain decreased, but those of other events increased. There were no serious side effects requiring hospitalization. In logistic regression analysis, sex, age, fever,chill, and lymph node enlargement after the second vaccination were associated with a change in antibody titer.　Conclusions: Serum antibody titers suggested high immunogenicity of the COVID-19 vaccine and a health condition survey confirmed the safety of the vaccine. Systemic side effects may serve as an index of immunization (acquisition of antibody) by the vaccine

Changes in serum antibody titers after vaccination for COVID-19 and evaluation of post-vaccination health conditions

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