Integrated Open Source Design for Architecture in High Density Housing Practice

High-density housing can be interpreted as collections of individual units, which inevitably results in the dilemma between the global standardization designed by architects and local customization implemented by users. However, it is impossible to reflect the users’ various needs in the conceptual design stage for high-density housing because of the economic, industrial and time constrains. In response to this challenge, this research paper outlines a different high-density housing design approach that can adopt users’ individual customization in the conceptual design stage during the housing design practice. Hence, the design process would be an open-ended evolutionary and transparent process rather than deterministic executions as we have now in most high-density cities, such as Hong Kong. In order to overcome the deficiency in addressing future uncertainties of different users and address the issues of one-off developments without iterating users’ feedback in the housing practice, this essay proposes IOSDA (integrated open source design for architecture) for the design practice of high-density housing, through collective data and parametric connectivity between users and architects. IOSDA reflects a different design attitude towards the future, i.e., to shift from architects’ heroic prediction of the future to collective engagement of the present with more robust capacities for new possibilities.published_or_final_versio

Study on the Activity of PI3K/AKT, Death Receptor and 14-3-3 Mediated Signaling Pathways Regulating Hepatocyte Apoptosis during Rat Liver Regeneration

Studies have shown that apoptosis is closely related to the rat liver regeneration. To understand the mechanism of hepatocyte apoptosis during rat liver regeneration at the gene transcription level, the Rat Genome 230 2.0 Array was used to determine the expression changes of genes. Then the genes associated with cell apoptosis were searched by GO and NCBI databases, and cell apoptosis signaling pathways were searched by the database of QIAGEN and KEGG. Their signaling activities were calculated by spectral function E(t). The mechanism of hepatocyte apoptosis during rat liver regeneration was analyzed by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis 9.0 (IPA). The results showed that among the 27 signaling pathways regulating cell apoptosis, the E(t) values of Apoptosis signaling pathway and 14-3-3 mediated signaling pathway were significantly increased in the progression phase (6-72h after PH) of rat liver regeneration, and the E(t) values of hepatocyte apoptosis mediated by mitochondria rout were also significantly increased. The E(t) values of death receptor signaling pathway and PI3K/AKT branch of 14-3-3 mediated signaling pathway were significantly increased in the progression phase and the terminal phase (72-168h after PH) of rat liver regeneration, and the E(t) values of hepatocyte apoptosis mediated by cytomembrane route and nucleus route were also significantly increased. Conclusion: PI3K/AKT, death receptor and mitochondria branch played a key role in promoting cell apoptosis during rat liver regeneration

Exact inversion of the cone transform arising in an application of a compton camera consisting of line detectors

A Compton camera has been suggested for use in single photon emission computed tomography because a conventional gamma camera has low efficiency. Here we consider a cone transform brought about by a Compton camera with line detectors. A cone transform takes a given function on the 3-dimensional space and assigns to it the surface integral of the function over cones determined by the 1-dimensional vertex space, the 1-dimensional central axis, and the 1-dimensional opening angle. We generalize this cone transform to n-dimensional space and provide an inversion formula. Also, numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate our suggested algorithm in three dimensions.clos

Isolation and analysis of genes specifically expressed during basidiomatal development in Antrodia cinnamomea by subtractive PCR and cDNA microarray

cDNAs specifically expressed at the basidiome stage were isolated by using PCR-selected cDNA subtraction in order to study gene regulation during porous-hymenium basidiomatal formation in Antrodia cinnamomea. BLASTX results suggested that most of the expressed sequence tags (52.4-69.5%) had no significant protein homology to genes from other published living things. cDNAs particularly expressed at different growing conditions were identified using cDNA microarray analysis. Reverse transcriptase PCR analyses confirmed that the clone putative to P-type ATPase, various cytochrome P450s and some unknown genes were abundant at natural basidiomes while endoglucanase was abundant at the tissue from artificial medium

Differential transport and local translation of cytoskeletal, injury-response, and neurodegeneration protein mRNAs in axons

Recent studies have begun to focus on the signals that regulate axonal protein synthesis and the functional significance of localized protein synthesis. However, identification of proteins that are synthesized in mammalian axons has been mainly based on predictions. Here,weusedaxonspurifiedfromculturesofinjury-conditionedadultdorsalrootganglion(DRG)neuronsandproteomicsmethodology to identify axonally synthesized proteins. Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR from axonal preparations was used to confirm that the mRNA for each identified protein extended into the DRG axons. Proteins and the encoding mRNAs for the cytoskeletal proteins �-actin, peripherin, vimentin, �-tropomyosin 3, and cofilin 1 were present in the axonal preparations. In addition to the cytoskeletal elements, several heat shock proteins (HSP27, HSP60, HSP70, grp75, �B crystallin), resident endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteins (calreticulin, grp78/BiP, ERp29), proteins associated with neurodegenerative diseases (ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1, rat ortholog of human DJ-1/Park7, �-synuclein, superoxide dismutase 1), anti-oxidant proteins (peroxiredoxins 1 and 6), and metabolic proteins (e.g., phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK 1), � enolase, aldolase C/Zebrin II) were included among the axonally synthesized proteins. Detection of the mRNAs encoding each of the axonally synthesized proteins identified by mass spectrometry in the axonal compartment indicates that th

Cosmic Ray Positron and Electron Excess from Hidden-Fermion Dark Matter Decays

The anomalies observed in recent cosmic ray experiments seem to strongly constrain the nature of the dark matter. In this letter, we investigate a possibility of the fermionic dark matter with a minimal extension of the standard model. We found that the dark matter decays caused by the dimension six operators can naturally explain the anomalies.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures, accepted by PL

Study on the Activity of PI3K/AKT, Death Receptor and 14-3-3 Mediated Signaling Pathways Regulating Hepatocyte Apoptosis during Rat Liver Regeneration

Studies have shown that apoptosis is closely related to the rat liver regeneration. To understand the mechanism of hepatocyte apoptosis during rat liver regeneration at the gene transcription level, the Rat Genome 230 2.0 Array was used to determine the expression changes of genes. Then the genes associated with cell apoptosis were searched by GO and NCBI databases, and cell apoptosis signaling pathways were searched by the database of QIAGEN and KEGG. Their signaling activities were calculated by spectral function E(t). The mechanism of hepatocyte apoptosis during rat liver regeneration was analyzed by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis 9.0 (IPA). The results showed that among the 27 signaling pathways regulating cell apoptosis, the E(t) values of Apoptosis signaling pathway and 14-3-3 mediated signaling pathway were significantly increased in the progression phase (6-72h after PH) of rat liver regeneration, and the E(t) values of hepatocyte apoptosis mediated by mitochondria rout were also significantly increased. The E(t) values of death receptor signaling pathway and PI3K/AKT branch of 14-3-3 mediated signaling pathway were significantly increased in the progression phase and the terminal phase (72-168h after PH) of rat liver regeneration, and the E(t) values of hepatocyte apoptosis mediated by cytomembrane route and nucleus route were also significantly increased. Conclusion: PI3K/AKT, death receptor and mitochondria branch played a key role in promoting cell apoptosis during rat liver regeneration

Gamma rays and positrons from a decaying hidden gauge boson

We study a scenario that a hidden gauge boson constitutes the dominant component of dark matter and decays into the standard model particles through a gauge kinetic mixing. Interestingly, gamma rays and positrons produced from the decay of hidden gauge boson can explain both the EGRET excess of diffuse gamma rays and the HEAT anomaly in the positron fraction. The spectra of the gamma rays and the positrons have distinctive features; the absence of line emission of the gamma ray and a sharp peak in the positron fraction. Such features may be observed by the GLAST and PAMELA satellites.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figures, adding PAMELA data, the version accepted by PL

R-violating Decay of Wino Dark Matter and electron/positron Excesses in the PAMELA/Fermi Experiments

We show that R-parity violating decay of Wino dark matter of mass \sim 3 TeV can naturally account for the flux and spectral shape of the cosmic-ray electrons and positrons observed by the PAMELA and Fermi satellites. To provide a theoretical basis for the scenario, we also present a model that trilinear R-parity breaking appears with a coefficient suppressed by powers of the gravitino mass, which naturally leads to the Wino lifetime of O(10^26) sec.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figure

Decaying Dark Matter Baryons in a Composite Messenger Model

A baryonic bound state with a mass of O(100) TeV, which is composed of strongly interacting messenger quarks in the low scale gauge mediation, can naturally be the cold dark matter. Interestingly, we find that such a baryonic dark matter is generically metastable, and the decay of this dark matter can naturally explain the anomalous positron flux recently observed by the PAMELA collaboration.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures. v2: minor changes, note adde