Studies on Tumour Active Compounds with Multiple Metal Centres

Four tumour active trinuclear complexes: DH4Cl: [{trans-PtCl(NH3)2}2m-{trans-Pd( NH3)2(H2N(CH2)4NH2)2]Cl4, DH5Cl: [{trans-PtCl(NH3)2}2m-{trans-Pd( NH3)2(H2N(CH2)5NH2)2]Cl4, DH6Cl: [{trans-PtCl(NH3)2}2m-{trans-Pd( NH3)2(H2N(CH2)6NH2)2]Cl4, DH7Cl: [{trans-PtCl(NH3)2}2m-{trans-Pd(NH3)2-( H2N(CH2)7NH2)2]Cl4 and one dinuclear complex DHD: [{trans-PtCl(NH3)2}�-{ H2N(CH2)6NH2}{trans-PdCl(NH3)2]Cl(NO3), have been prepared and characterised based on elemental analyses, IR, Raman, mass and 1 H NMR spectral measurements. For the trinuclear complexes, the synthesis has been carried out using a step-up method branching out from the central palladium unit. A purity of about 95% has been obtained by repeated dissolution and precipitation. The activity against human cancer cell lines including ovary cell lines: A2780, A2780 cisR , A2780 ZD0473R , non small lung cell line: NCI-H640 and melanoma: Me-10538 have been determined based on MMT assay. Cell uptakes, DNA-binding have been determined for ovary cell lines: A2780, A2780 cisR . The nature of interaction with pBR322 plasmid DNA and ssDNA has been studied for trinuclear complexes DH4Cl, DH5Cl, DH6Cl and DH7Cl and the dinuclear complex DHD. Interaction of DH6Cl with adenine and guanine has also been studied by HPLC. The compounds are found to exhibit significant anticancer activity against cancer cell lines especially ovarian cancer cell lines: A2780, A2780 cisR and A2780 ZD0473R . DH6Cl in which the linking diamine has six carbon atoms is found to be the most active compound. As the number of carbon atoms in thelinking diamine is changed from the optimum value of six, the activity is found to decrease, illustrating the structure-activity relationship. The increase in uptake of the trinuclear complexes in A2780 cell line with the increase in size of the linking diamine coupled with the low molar conductivity values found for the solutions of the compounds suggest that the compounds would remain in solution as undissociated �molecules� and hence could cross the cell membrane by passive diffusion. Much lower resistance factors for the all the multinuclear compounds including DHD as applied to A2780 cisR cell line, as compared to that for cisplatin, suggest that the compounds are able to overcome multiple mechanisms of resistance operating in the cell line. All of the multinuclear complexes are expected to form long-range interstrand GG adducts with DNA, causing irreversible global changes in the DNA conformation but unlike cisplatin do not cause sufficient DNA bending to be recognized by HMG 1 protein. Increasing prevention of BamH1 digestion with the increase in concentration of the multinuclear compounds also provide support to the idea that the compounds because of the formation of a plethora of interstrand GG adducts are able to cause irreversible changes in DNA conformation. The results of the study show that indeed new trinuclear tumour active compounds can be found by replacing the central platinum unit in BBR3464 with other suitable metal units

Effect of thickness of polyethylene packaging and temperature on quality of solar-dried oyster mushroom (Pleurotus sajor-caju)

Pleurotus sajor-caju is evaluated as an edible fungi with high nutritional and medicinal value, but fresh mushrooms are easily damaged after harvest due to many reasons. Drying methods can be taken to maintain mushroom quality, reduce losses and prolong postharvest storage time. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of polyethylene (PE) packaging thickness (91.70 µm; 81.30 µm and 53.50 µm), temperature (28 oC-30 oC and 3 oC-5 oC) (with air humidity of 60-62% and 76-78% respectively), to the quality of oyster mushrooms dried by solar energy, during storage. During the storage period, the total sugar and protein contents of all treatments decreased. Besides, the colour (through the difference in lightness and darkness (?L) value) and firmness of the solar-dried oyster mushrooms also decreased, so, oyster mushrooms were darkened and softened. After 6 months, the lowest protein, total sugar and lipid loss was found in PE packaging of 91.70 µm thickness at storage temperature of 3 oC-5 oC. In addition, the water activity of dried mushrooms was lower (less than 0.7), so it ensures microbiological safety

Encouraging Dialogue around Social Issues with Latinx Students Through Literature Discussion and Culturally Relevant Literature

This teacher research study examines literature discussions with fourth and fifth grade Latinx students about books that reflect Latinx experiences. For this study, the following questions are explored (1) What social issues do students discuss in literature groups? (2) How do literary response strategies influence student dialogue? And (3) How does my theoretical frame influence my decision making as a teacher? Theories that informed the construction of the literature discussions and the decision making occurring throughout the study are examined closely. The theories intertwine and bridge education and students’ experiences as a resource in learning more about the educational setting. In this study, the discussions of students and the literature response strategies are explored as the data is analyzed to examine the student discussions around issues of immigration, family separation, borders, and so much more. The findings in this study indicate that the experiences of Latinx students are integral to the educational setting and an education that invites who they are enhances their learning experiences. Latinx students are eager for learning opportunities that invite their voices and stories. It is through the construction and assessment of the educational setting that educators can promote culturally responsive, relevant, and sustaining teaching experiences that go beyond the classroom setting. Latinx students build relationships with each other and their teachers as they engage in discussions that allow them to share and learn with each other. This study is a reminder of the crucial role teachers play in creating such powerful spaces and the value that Latinx students bring into the classroom when invited to discuss, engage, and create powerful learning experiences

Track A Basic Science

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138319/1/jia218438.pd