Determination of flow-regime boundaries for cohesive particles

The overall objective of this program is the development of a hydrodynamic model to predict the choking/non-choking flow regime boundary of fine, cohesive (i.e., Geldart Group C) powders. Specific objectives are to: (1) Develop a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model that can be applied to cohesive solids. (2) Generate large-scale solids-flows data that will be used to verify the model

Void-gas stripping in standpipes

A model of a packed-bed void-gas stripping section in a standpipe has been developed. This relative-velocity model allows the determination of the best stripper design for a particular application. This model was developed from the results of a void-gas stripping study using a nitrogen/oxygen gas system. The effects of stripping gas injection, particle size, particle density, stripper diameter, and solids flow rate on the amount of gas needed to strip were investigated. An example of how to design a packed-bed stripper is also presented

Protodammara reimatamoriori, a new species of conifer (Cupressaceae) from the Upper Cretaceous Tupuangi Formation, Chatham Islands, Zealandia

Isolated conifer female reproductive structures are common fossil elements from Cenomanian (ca 99–94 Ma) charcoal- and resin-rich beds of theTupuangi Formation, Chatham Islands, southwest Pacific Ocean. Recent findings have proposed that these are the oldest fossil evidence of serotiny,a highly successful fire-adaptive reproductive strategy common among tree species living in fire-prone areas today. Herein, we systematicallydescribe the external morphological and anatomical features of these fossils, by employing a combination of manual extraction and neutron tomographytechniques. We propose a new species of conifer, Protodammara reimatamoriori, and a re-examination of fossil material of the Protodammaratype species facilitated an emendation of the genus. Protodammara shares numerous features with extant Cunninghamia, Taiwania, Athrotaxis, andseveral extinct taxa of Cupressaceae, and is interpreted as an extinct lineage of the early-divergent ‘taxodioid Cupressaceae’ stem group.Funders:Australian Nuclear Science and Technology OrganisationNational Geographic</p