Enlightening the temperature coefficient of triple mesoscopic CH₃NH₃PbI₃₋<i>x</i>Cl<i>_x</i>/NiO and double mesoscopic CsFAMAPbI₃₋<i>x</i>Br<i>_x</i>/CuSCN carbon perovskite solar cells

Temperature is one of the most crucial outdoor variables that influence the photovoltaic performance and stability of carbon perovskite solar cells (CPSCs), although not many reports are there on temperature-dependent CPSCs performance based on various mesoscopic structures. This study demonstrates the temperature coefficient (T C) of carbon-based triple and double mesoscopic devices having MAPICL [MAPbI 3−xCl x ] and CSFAMA [Cs 0.05(FA 0.83MA 0.17) 0.95Pb(I 0.83Br 0.17) 3] to understand the performance compatibility of different CPSC configurations despite the thermal treatment (MA = methylammonium, FA = formamidinium). While treating a single device in the range of 5 °C-65 °C, MAPICL-based CPSC maintained a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of ∼9%-11.7%. In contrast, CSFAMA-based double mesoscopic devices showed a PCE variation of ∼14%-16% in the same temperature window. The interesting fact of this analysis is that the average T C values for MAPICL and CSFAMA are in the order of 10 −4, implying better retention of performance for both mesoscopic devices despite thermal stress. A photoluminescence analysis has been done to understand the temperature-dependent charge transfer properties between the perovskite and transport layer. To the best of our knowledge, this analysis, for the first time, provides insight into the temperature coefficient of different CPSC mesoscopic structures to promote suitable future development.</p

Compelling temperature behaviour of carbon-perovskite solar cell for fenestration at various climates

Sustainable building with smart windows is a promising technology. Due to their nanostructured and composite materials, perovskite devices can play a crucial role as tunable transparent or semi-transparent photovoltaics managing the buildings' energy health for harvesting, storage and utilization. Here, the temperature profile of different properties essential for the application of carbon perovskite solar cell (c-PSC) in the BIPV (building-integrated photovoltaics) field is illuminated cautiously to find out its feasibility at various climatic conditions. The results dictate small changes in transparency and efficiency with temperature, which also impacts other BIPV-related parameters. At temperatures 15 to 55°C, the AVT (average visible transmittance) remains at ∼27.5%, with an average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of ∼10%, whereas AVT slightly increases above 55°C in ambient conditions. Interestingly the PCE values greatly correlate with the AVT. The observed pseudo-thermochromic nature of c-PSC is explained by correlating transmittance with temperature coefficient and efficiency coefficient of transparency. The indispensable parameters like colour rendering index (CRI), correlated colour temperature (CCT), solar factor (SF) are calculated utilizing theoretical models at different temperatures to illuminate the colour comfort of these c-PSCs for BIPV integration. Even after temperature treatment, the CCT values &gt;4800, and CRI values &gt;80 signify the possibility of perovskites in different climates. Finally, glare daylight control is analyzed based on temperature and climate, taking an average over the summer and the winter of different places, which display both the advantages and disadvantages of c-PSCs. All the results from this case study suggest that c-PSC can become an integral part of fenestration at different KÖppen climates with suitable modifications

Global spectral analysis: Review of numerical methods

International audienceThe design and analysis of numerical methods are usually guided by the following: (a) von Neumann analysis using Fourier series expansion of unknowns, (b) the modified differential equation approach, and (c) a more generalized approach that analyzes numerical methods globally, using Fourier–Laplace transform to treat the total or disturbance quantities in terms of waves. This is termed as the global spectral analysis (GSA). GSA can easily handle non-periodic problems, by invoking wave properties of the field through the correct numerical dispersion relation, which is central to the design and analysis. This has transcended dimensionality of the problem, while incorporating various physical processes e.g. by studying convection, diffusion and reaction as the prototypical elements involved in defining the physics of the problem. Although this is used for fluid dynamical problems, it can also explain many multi-physics and multi-scale problems. This review describes this powerful tool of scientific computing, with new results originating from GSA: (i) providing a common framework to analyze both hyperbolic and dispersive wave problems; (ii) analyze numerical methods by comparing physical and numerical dispersion relation, which leads to the new class of dispersion relation preserving (DRP) schemes; (iii) developing error dynamics as a distinct tool, identifying sources of numerical errors involving both the truncation and round-off error. Such studies of error dynamics provide the epistemic tool of analysis rather than an aleatoric tool, which depends on uncertainty quantification for high performance computing (HPC). One of the central themes of GSA covers the recent advances in understanding numerical phenomenon like focusing, which defied analysis so far. An application of GSA shown here for the objective evaluation of the so-called DNS by pseudo-spectral method for spatial discretization along with time integration by two-stage Runge–Kutta method is performed. GSA clearly shows that this should not qualify as DNS for multiple reasons. A new design of HPC methods for peta- and exa-flop computing tools necessary for parallel computing by compact schemes are also described

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Pacifc white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) farming has boosted the Indian shrimp production to an all-time high of 0.7 MMT. However, its susceptibility to pathogens, seed quality issues, asymmetry in inputs costs and market prices, environmental limitations and inadequate institutional support are threatening its sustainability. The present study was undertaken to assess its sustainability by developing a composite sustainability index delineating technology, economics, environment, social and institutional indicators. The results show that the pacifc white shrimp farming in India is sustainable with a mean sustainability index of 0.77. Majority of the surveyed farms (61%) were operated at moderate to high level of sustainability (0.66–0.84). Dimension wise analysis indicate that P. vannamei shrimp farming was technology driven, economically proftable, beneftted the society, yet, need improvement in environmental and institutional dimensions. Shrimp farm water reconditioning and reuse for subsequent crops, provision of institutional credit and insurance would further enhance its sustainability. Further access to quality shrimp seed, carrying capacity-based stocking density, optimization of inputs, mobilizing farmers for collective compliance of BMPs and strengthening institutional support mechanisms for domestic marketing are together complement the sustainability of shrimp farming in IndiaNot Availabl

Cdk5/p25-induced cytosolic PLA2-mediated lysophosphatidylcholine production regulates neuroinflammation and triggers neurodegeneration

10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5177-11.2012Journal of Neuroscience3231020-1034JNRS