Consumption of a high n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid diet during gradual mild physiological stress in rats.

n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3PUFAs) may be beneficial for anxiety and depression under stressful conditions. Studies however, typically utilise physical or sudden physiological stress, while gradual physiological stress is also relevant to human conditions. Using deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) administration to induce gradual physiological stress, this study investigated the impact of n-3PUFAs under gradual physiological stress in rats. Animals (aged 2 months) (N=8-12/group) received daily injections of DOCA or vehicle and were concurrently fed a high n-3PUFA or control diet for eight weeks. Behavioural measures were taken throughout. Behavioural tests and physiological measures were conducted after six and eight weeks respectively. DOCA administration decreased plasma renin, plasma proteins and relative adrenal weight, and increased water intake, relative kidney weight, and anxiety in the open field. These findings demonstrate disruptions to the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, a result of mild physiological stress, that also impact on anxiety behaviours. No effects of n-3PUFAs were found

The Cholecystectomy As A Day Case (CAAD) Score: A Validated Score of Preoperative Predictors of Successful Day-Case Cholecystectomy Using the CholeS Data Set

Background Day-case surgery is associated with significant patient and cost benefits. However, only 43% of cholecystectomy patients are discharged home the same day. One hypothesis is day-case cholecystectomy rates, defined as patients discharged the same day as their operation, may be improved by better assessment of patients using standard preoperative variables. Methods Data were extracted from a prospectively collected data set of cholecystectomy patients from 166 UK and Irish hospitals (CholeS). Cholecystectomies performed as elective procedures were divided into main (75%) and validation (25%) data sets. Preoperative predictors were identified, and a risk score of failed day case was devised using multivariate logistic regression. Receiver operating curve analysis was used to validate the score in the validation data set. Results Of the 7426 elective cholecystectomies performed, 49% of these were discharged home the same day. Same-day discharge following cholecystectomy was less likely with older patients (OR 0.18, 95% CI 0.15–0.23), higher ASA scores (OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.15–0.23), complicated cholelithiasis (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.48), male gender (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.58–0.74), previous acute gallstone-related admissions (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.48–0.60) and preoperative endoscopic intervention (OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.34–0.47). The CAAD score was developed using these variables. When applied to the validation subgroup, a CAAD score of ≤5 was associated with 80.8% successful day-case cholecystectomy compared with 19.2% associated with a CAAD score >5 (p < 0.001). Conclusions The CAAD score which utilises data readily available from clinic letters and electronic sources can predict same-day discharges following cholecystectomy

A Nile journal

Dedication:Pagination: PP6+307PVolumes: 1Text Genre:Journa

Complexes with six-membered chelate rings. II. Proton magnetic resonance study of trimethylenediamine, some methyl-substituted derivatives, and their complexes with platinum(II) and palladium(II)

Pmr spectra of compounds (diamine)(HCl)2, M(diamine)?,and M(diamine)(NH)2are reported, where M = Pt(II), Pd(II); diamine — trimethylenediamine, 2-methylpropane-l,3-diamine, pentane-2,4-diamine, neopentanediamine, ethylene- diamine, mes0-butane-2,3-diamine. These spectra are discussed in terms of the conformational behavior of the chelate rings. An unusual Pt-H coupling over four saturated bonds is observed in some complexes

Reactions of the cis-diamminediaquaplatinum(II) cation with histidine and related molecules

The reaction of cis-[Pt(NH)(HO)] (1) with histidine (Hhis) at pH 2-3 gave initially complexes with histidine bound through carboxylate only, then, after standing, the complex containing an amine nitrogen (N), carboxylate oxygen-chelate ring, [Pt(NH)(Hhis-N,O)]. Increasing the pH to 8-9 caused loss of one imidazole proton, followed by isomerization to the species with a imidazole N(3), N-chelate ring, [Pt(NH)(Hhis-N,N(3))]. From the variation of NMR parameters with pH, pK for loss of the last imidazole proton was determined (11.2±0.1). Histidine methyl ester and histidinamide each reacted slowly with 1 at pH 5.5 to give the N,N(3)-chelate complex. With N-(histidyl)glycine the initial complexes at pH 5 contained the ligand bound only through carboxylate, but a N,N(3)-chelate complex then formed. With an excess of 1, a second diammineplatinum moiety was bound, initially through the free carboxylate, then chelated by carboxylate and peptide nitrogen. With N-acetylhistidine and N-(β-alanyl)histidine at pH 4-5, the initial complexes also contained carboxylate-bound ligands, then a chelate ring was formed involving carboxylate and the deprotonated amide or peptide nitrogen, N. With N-(glycyl)histidine, more complex reactions involving the terminal nitrogen atom also occurred. In alkaline solution, these N,O-chelate complexes reacted slowly to form a dinuclear complex with one ligand bound to one Pt atom through N and N(3), and to the second platinum through N(1) of bridging imidazolate. The second ligand was bound monodentate to the second platinum through N