Emission spectrum of hot HDO in the 380-2190 cm(-1) region

Fourier transform emission spectra were recorded using a mixture of H2O and D2O at a temperature of 1500 degreesC. The spectra were recorded in three overlapping sections and cover the wavenumber range 380-2190 cm(-1). A total of 22106 lines were measured, of which 60% are thought to belong to HDO. A total of 6430 FIDO transition,, are assigned, including the first transitions to the (040) vibrational state, with a term value of 5420.042 cm(-1). A total of 1536 new energy levels of HDO belonging to the (000), (010) (020), (030), and (040) stated are presented, significantly extending the degree of rotational excitation compared to previous studies. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science

An Integrated Perspective on Insight

The present study on insight is based on an integration of Kaplan and Simon’s (1990) information processing theory of insight, a cognitive style theory, and achievement motivation theory. The style theory is the Assimilator (rule oriented, familiarity seeking)–Explorer (novelty seeking, explorative) styles (Kaufmann, 1979). Our hypothesis is that the effectiveness of 2 types of search constraints (prior experience and solution hints) for solving insight problems is moderated by both cognitive style and achievement needs, and depending on optimal levels of achievement motivation for different task conditions. We tested the hypothesis in a randomized experiment in which 3 levels of achievement needs and 1 type of search constraint (solution hints were available or not available) were experimentally manipulated. In addition, participants completed a cognitive style test, a measure of prior problem-solving experience (the second type of search constraint), and controls for intelligence. There were 476 participants (the mean age was 18.4 years). Results revealed 2 similar and significant 3-way interactions between styles, achievement needs, and the 2 types of search constraints. The pattern of interaction supported the idea that stylistic competence for the task characteristics (with and without search constraints available), when combined with manipulated achievement needs, predicted performance in counterintuitive ways but in line with the classic achievement motivation theory. With appropriate stylistic competence for the task characteristics elevated achievement needs led to poorer performance. With less appropriate stylistic competence, performance improved with increasing motivation. Implications for information processing theory are discussed

Clones in Graphs

Finding structural similarities in graph data, like social networks, is a far-ranging task in data mining and knowledge discovery. A (conceptually) simple reduction would be to compute the automorphism group of a graph. However, this approach is ineffective in data mining since real world data does not exhibit enough structural regularity. Here we step in with a novel approach based on mappings that preserve the maximal cliques. For this we exploit the well known correspondence between bipartite graphs and the data structure formal context $(G,M,I)$ from Formal Concept Analysis. From there we utilize the notion of clone items. The investigation of these is still an open problem to which we add new insights with this work. Furthermore, we produce a substantial experimental investigation of real world data. We conclude with demonstrating the generalization of clone items to permutations.Comment: 11 pages, 2 figures, 1 tabl

Anthelmintic efficacy of pawpaw (Carica papaya) seeds in commercial layers

The anthelmintic efficacy of the aqueous and crude extract of Carica papaya seeds was studied in 40 Isa Brown commercial layers infected naturally with nematodes. They were randomly divided into 4 groups: A, B, C and D with 10 birds per group. Group A birds were untreated, while groups B, C and D were treated orally with proprietary anthelmintic (piperazine 322 mg/kg body weight/day), powdery (300 mg/day/bird) and aqueous (1:10 ml water required/day) extracts of C. papaya, respectively. Two weeks after treatment, blood and faecal samples were collected to evaluate for hematological values and faecal egg counts respectively. The results of this study showed that the powdered and aqueous extract of C. papaya after its administration, produced a significant increase (P < 0.001) in packed cell volume, red blood cells, haemoglobin concentration, lymphocyte counts and significant decrease in eosinophil counts. The faecal egg counts also showed a remarkable and significant reduction in  the levels of the identified helminths. The reduction in faecal egg counts was more pronounced with the aqueous extract than crude extract administered. The effects of the C. papaya seed extracts in this study therefore showed that C. papaya extracts can serve as a source of chemical substance for use in the development of effective anthelmintic agents.Key words: Carica papaya, anthelmintic, piperazine, helminths, haematology

Saddle point localization of molecular wavefunctions

The quantum mechanical description of isomerization is based on bound eigenstates of the molecular potential energy surface. For the near-minimum regions there is a textbook-based relationship between the potential and eigenenergies. Here we show how the saddle point region that connects the two minima is encoded in the eigenstates of the model quartic potential and in the energy levels of the [H, C, N] potential energy surface. We model the spacing of the eigenenergies with the energy dependent classical oscillation frequency decreasing to zero at the saddle point. The eigenstates with the smallest spacing are localized at the saddle point. The analysis of the HCN???HNC isomerization states shows that the eigenstates with small energy spacing relative to the effective (v1, v3, l) bending potentials are highly localized in the bending coordinate at the transition state. These spectroscopically detectable states represent a chemical marker of the transition state in the eigenenergy spectrum. The method developed here provides a basis for modeling characteristic patterns in the eigenenergy spectrum of bound states

Recommended ideal-gas thermochemical functions for heavy water and its Substituent isotopologues

Accurate temperature-dependent ideal-gas internal partition functions, Qint(T), and several derived thermochemical functions are reported for heavy water, with an oxygen content corresponding to the isotopic composition of Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water (VSMOW), and its constituent isotopologues, D216O, D217O, and D218O, for temperatures between 0 and 6000 K. The nuclear-spin-dependent partition functions are obtained by the direct summation technique, involving altogether about 16 000 measured and more than nine million computed bound rovibrational energy levels for the three molecules. Reliable standard uncertainties, as a function of temperature, are estimated for each thermochemical quantity determined, including the enthalpy, the entropy, and the isobaric heat capacity of the individual nuclear-spin-equilibrated isotopologues and of heavy water. The accuracy of the heavy-water ideal-gas Cp(T) is unprecedented, below 0.01% up to 1800 K. All the thermochemical functions are reported, in 1 K increments, in the supplementary material

Avaliação da eficiência do óleo essencial de Eucalyptus staigeriana sobre adultos de Stomoxys calcitrans (LINNAEUS, 1758).

Stomoxys calcitrans, a mosca-dos-estábulos, é um importante díptero interesse veterinário, uma vez que altas infestações determinam expressivos prejuízos econômicos à pecuária nacional devido ao seu papel como potencial transmissor e vetor de várias patologias aos bovinos. As perdas relacionadas ao parasitismo direto e a veiculação de larvas da Dermatobia hominis aumentam a importância veterinária da espécie. A busca de novos métodos de controle desse inseto é uma necessidade emergente, uma vez que se observa um aumento da população deste díptera relacionada a expansão da indústria sucroalcooleira brasileira. A utilização bioativos vegetais, como o uso do óleo essencial de Eucalyptus staigeriana, é uma alternativa ao controle químico deste parasita. A fim de avaliar a atividade mosquicida do óleo essencial de E. staigeriana se realizou o teste de susceptibilidade de S. calcitrans ao óleo essencial de E. staigeriana no Laboratório de Sanidade Animal da Embrapa Rondônia. Colônias estoque de S. calcitrans forneceram os espécimes utilizados no experimento. Foram alocadas 25 moscas adultas por placa de Petri contendo papel filtro impregnados com cinco diferentes concentrações (10%, 5%, 2,5%, 1,25% e 0,625%) de óleo essencial de E. staigeriana, as quais foram confrontadas com dois tratamentos controles, sendo um papéis filtro impregnados com acetona e o segundo com papel filtro impregnado com Tween 80 a 3% solubilizado em água bi-destilada estéril. Cada tratamento continha três repetições, e na leitura das placas considerou-se como mortas as moscas imóveis ou sem capacidade de vôo. A leitura do teste se deu após duas horas de exposição das moscas aos tratamentos

Optical transmission matrix as a probe of the photonic strength

We demonstrate that optical transmission matrices (TM) of disordered complex media provide a powerful tool to extract the photonic interaction strength, independent of surface effects. We measure TM of strongly scattering GaP nanowires and plot the singular value density of the measured matrices and a random matrix model. By varying the free parameters of the model, the transport mean free path and effective refractive index, we retrieve the photonic interaction strength. From numerical simulations we conclude that TM statistics is hardly sensitive to surface effects, in contrast to enhanced backscattering or total transmission based methods.We acknowledge support from ERC grant 27948, NWOVici, STW, the Royal Society, and EPSRC through fellowship EP/J016918/1

The W2020 Database of Validated Rovibrational Experimental Transitions and Empirical Energy Levels of Water Isotopologues. II. (H2O)-O-17 and (H2O)-O-18 with an Update to (H2O)-O-16

The W2020 database of validated experimental transitions and accurate empirical energy levels of water isotopologues, introduced in the work of Furtenbacher et al. [J. Phys. Chem.Ref.Data 49, 033101 (2020)], is updated forH2 16Oand newly populated with data forH2 17OandH2 18O. TheH2 17O/ H2 18O spectroscopic data utilized in this study are collected from 65/87 sources, with the sources arranged into 76/99 segments, and the data in these segments yield 27 045/66 166 (mostly measured) rovibrational transitions and 5278/6865 empirical energy levels with appropriate uncertainties. Treatment and validation of the collated transitions of H2 16O, H2 17O, and H2 18O utilized the latest, XML-based version of the MARVEL (Measured Active Rotational-Vibrational Energy Levels) protocol and code, called xMARVEL. The empirical rovibrational energy levels of H2 17O and H2 18O form a complete set through 3204 cm−1 and 4031 cm−1, respectively. Vibrational band origins are reported for 37 and 52 states of H2 17O andH2 18O, respectively. The spectroscopic data of this study extend and improve the data collated by an InternationalUnion of Pure andApplied ChemistryTask Group in 2010 [J. Tennyson et al., J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 110, 2160 (2010)] as well as those reported in the HITRAN2016 information system. Following aminor but significant update to theW2020-H2 16Odataset, the joint analysis of the rovibrational levels for the seriesH2 16O,H2 17O, andH2 18Ofacilitated development of a consistent set of labels among these threewater isotopologues and the provision of accurate predictions of yet to be observed energy levels for the minor isotopologues using the combination of xMARVEL results and accurate variational nuclear-motion calculations. To this end, 9925/8409pseudo-experimental levels have been derived forH2 17O/H2 18O, significantly improving the coverage of accurate lines for these twominor water isotopologues up to the visible region. The W2020 database now contains almost all of the transitions, apart from those of HD16O, required for a successful spectroscopic modeling of atmospheric water vapor