Decision-making regarding total knee replacement surgery: a qualitative meta-synthesis

Knee osteoarthritis is a highly prevalent condition that can result in disability and reduced quality of life. The evidence suggests that total knee replacement surgery (TKR) is an effective intervention for patients with severe knee problems, but there is also an unmet need for this treatment in the UK. To help understand the reason for this unmet need, the aim of this study was to explore the factors that influence the decision-making process of TKR surgery by synthesising the available evidence from qualitative research on this topic

CFD simulation using FLUENT and RANS3D - A validation exercise

The present work involves two-dimensional numerical simulation of three benchmark problems like (i) Laminar flow in a lid driven cavity (ii) Turbulent flow past a backward facing step and (iii) turbulent flow past NACA0012 aerofoil, using in-house flow solution code RANS3D and the commercially available FLUENT code. The results obtained using these codes are compared with the available measurement data and/or other computations

Grid-Obstacle Representations with Connections to Staircase Guarding

In this paper, we study grid-obstacle representations of graphs where we assign grid-points to vertices and define obstacles such that an edge exists if and only if an $xy$-monotone grid path connects the two endpoints without hitting an obstacle or another vertex. It was previously argued that all planar graphs have a grid-obstacle representation in 2D, and all graphs have a grid-obstacle representation in 3D. In this paper, we show that such constructions are possible with significantly smaller grid-size than previously achieved. Then we study the variant where vertices are not blocking, and show that then grid-obstacle representations exist for bipartite graphs. The latter has applications in so-called staircase guarding of orthogonal polygons; using our grid-obstacle representations, we show that staircase guarding is \textsc{NP}-hard in 2D.Comment: To appear in the proceedings of the 25th International Symposium on Graph Drawing and Network Visualization (GD 2017

Contribution to fusion research from IAEA coordinated research projects and joint experiments

The paper presents objectives and activities of IAEA Coordinated Research Projects 'Conceptual development of steady-state compact fusion neutron sources' and 'Utilisation of a network of small magnetic confinement fusion devices for mainstream fusion research'. The background and main projects of the CRP on FNS are described in detail, as this is a new activity at IAEA. Recent activities of the second CRP, which continues activities of previous CRPs, are overviewed

PreMa: Predictive Maintenance of Solenoid Valve in Real-Time at Embedded Edge-Level

In industrial process automation, sensors (pressure, temperature, etc.), controllers, and actuators (solenoid valves, electro-mechanical relays, circuit breakers, motors, etc.) make sure that production lines are working under the pre-defined conditions. When these systems malfunction or sometimes completely fail, alerts have to be generated in real-time to make sure not only production quality is not compromised but also safety of humans and equipment is assured. In this work, we describe the construction of a smart and real-time edge-based electronic product called PreMa, which is basically a sensor for monitoring the health of a Solenoid Valve (SV). PreMa is compact, low power, easy to install, and cost effective. It has data fidelity and measurement accuracy comparable to signals captured using high end equipment. The smart solenoid sensor runs TinyML, a compact version of TensorFlow (a.k.a. TFLite) machine learning framework. While fault detection inferencing is in-situ, model training uses mobile phones to accomplish the `on-device' training. Our product evaluation shows that the sensor is able to differentiate between the distinct types of faults. These faults include: (a) Spool stuck (b) Spring failure and (c) Under voltage. Furthermore, the product provides maintenance personnel, the remaining useful life (RUL) of the SV. The RUL provides assistance to decide valve replacement or otherwise. We perform an extensive evaluation on optimizing metrics related to performance of the entire system (i.e. embedded platform and the neural network model). The proposed implementation is such that, given any electro-mechanical actuator with similar transient response to that of the SV, the system is capable of condition monitoring, hence presenting a first of its kind generic infrastructure

Meningkatkan Bahan Bacaan Dengan Aplikasi Berbasis Web Mobile

Minat baca masih menjadi sebuah masalah yang cukup memprihatinkan di negara Indonesia. Masalah ketertarikan membaca juga terjadi dikalangan pelajar dan mahasiswa. Penyebab Rendahnya minat baca di Indonesia salah satunya adalah sistem pembukuan. Namun dengan adanya teknologi saat ini, membawa beberapa perubahan yang cukup signifikan dalam aktivitas membaca. Salah satunya yaitu dengan adanya fleksibelitas untuk mendapatkan apa yang dibutuhkan oleh masyarakat yaitu membaca melalui aplikasi digital atau berbagai platform digital. Dimana pada penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menunjukkan adanya pengaruh digitalisasi dalam literasi. pada penelitian ini dibuat sebuah rancangan web system yang akan dimanfaatkan sebagai solusi alternative guna meningkatkan minat baca masyarakat Indonesia terutama pelajar dan mahasiswa

Ultrafast carrier dynamics on Si surfaces studied by femtosecond time-resolved two-photon photoelectron spectroscopy

Secondary Ion Mass spectrometry (SIMS) has been generally used in the field of material sciences. In recent years, it has also been applied for molecular imaging of biological samples. Nevertheless, molecular ions derived from the large molecules (more than 1 kDa) were detected with very low sensitivity. Plasma desorption mass spectrometry (PDMS) is known as mass spectrometry for large organic molecule. In PDMS, fission fragments bombard samples and the impact induces molecular ionization by electronic excitation. Large organic molecules are detected by using swift heavy ions in SIMS. In this work, 6 MeV Cu4+ we irradiated angiotensin II, a class of peptides. The intact molecular ions generated by swift heavy ion irradiation were analyzed by time‐of‐flight (TOF) measurement. The yields are compared with some other probe ions, bismuth or flurane. Swift heavy ion bombardment ionized large organic molecules more effectively than other probes. Therefore, high energy ion can be applied in high resolution molecular imaging

Observation-based 3-D view of aerosol radiative properties over Indian Continental Tropical Convergence Zone: Implications to regional climate

Spatial vertical distributions of aerosol radiative properties over Indian Continental Tropical Convergence Zone (CTCZ) up to 6 km altitude during the pre-monsoon monsoon seasons of 2008 have been measured reported for the first time. Inter-seasonal intra-seasonal comparisons of different aerosol properties below above the boundary layer are carried out in among different regions of CTCZ. During pre-monsoon, aerosol layers were found to be present up to altitude as high as 6 km over the Indo-Gangetic Plains Himalayan foothills. A large increase in absorption coefficients (by two to five times) near the Himalayan foothills coastal India than the background values may be attributed to extensive biomass burning as supported by fire counts data. During monsoon, the aerosols were mostly confined to lower troposphere. However, absorbing aerosols were found to rebuild much faster than scattering aerosols after rains. Heating rates were very high over urban city of Bareilly peaking around 2 km during the pre-monsoon. The HR values over urban Kanpur during monsoon were comparable to Bareilly during pre-monsoon. Negligible latitudinal gradient of heating rate from the Himalayan foothill to central India was observed during both the seasons

Signaling Cascades Modulate the Speed of Signal Propagation through Space

Cells are not mixed bags of signaling molecules. As a consequence, signals must travel from their origin to distal locations. Much is understood about the purely diffusive propagation of signals through space. Many signals, however, propagate via signaling cascades. Here, we show that, depending on their kinetics, cascades speed up or slow down the propagation of signals through space, relative to pure diffusion.We modeled simple cascades operating under different limits of Michaelis-Menten kinetics using deterministic reaction-diffusion equations. Cascades operating far from enzyme saturation speed up signal propagation; the second mobile species moves more quickly than the first through space, on average. The enhanced speed is due to more efficient serial activation of a downstream signaling module (by the signaling molecule immediately upstream in the cascade) at points distal from the signaling origin, compared to locations closer to the source. Conversely, cascades operating under saturated kinetics, which exhibit zero-order ultrasensitivity, can slow down signals, ultimately localizing them to regions around the origin.Signal speed modulation may be a fundamental function of cascades, affecting the ability of signals to penetrate within a cell, to cross-react with other signals, and to activate distant targets. In particular, enhanced speeds provide a way to increase signal penetration into a cell without needing to flood the cell with large numbers of active signaling molecules; conversely, diminished speeds in zero-order ultrasensitive cascades facilitate strong, but localized, signaling