Термодинамика дезагрегированных полимерсодержащих композиций на основе нанодисперсных порошков Ni и NiO

Technique to obtain disaggregated composites with uniform distribution of the Ni nanoparticles in a polymer matrix were developed on the example of epoxy resin. Disaggregated and aggregated composites based on butyl methacrylate copolymer with 5 wt% methacrylic acid and Ni and NiO nanoparticles have been obtained. Enthalpies of mixing the components compositions in a wide range of compositions were defined using isothermal calorimetry. Parameters adhesive interaction at the interface and glassy polymer structure changes have been calculated. The influence of the chemical nature of nanosized filler on interfacial energy has been revealed.На примере эпоксидной смолы разработана методика получения дезагрегированных композитов с равномерным распределением наночастиц Ni в полимерной матрице. Получены дезагрегированные и агрегированные композиты на основе сополимера бутилметакрилата с 5% масс. метакриловой кислотой и наночастиц Ni и NiO. Методом изотермической калориметрии с помощью термохимического цикла определены энтальпии смешения компонентов композиций в широком диапазоне составов. С использованием термодинамического подхода в описании наполненных полимерных композиций на основе данных энтальпии смешения рассчитаны параметры адгезионного взаимодействия на границе раздела фаз и изменения стеклообразной структуры полимера. Обнаружено влияние химической природы нанодисперсного наполнителя на энергетику межфазного взаимодействия.This work was done under financial support from RFBR grant № 12-03-31417.Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке гранта РФФИ № 12-03-31417

The potential to encode sex, age, and individual identity in the alarm calls of three species of Marmotinae

In addition to encoding referential information and information about the sender’s motivation, mammalian alarm calls may encode information about other attributes of the sender, providing the potential for recognition among kin, mates, and neighbors. Here, we examined 96 speckled ground squirrels (Spermophilus suslicus), 100 yellow ground squirrels (Spermophilus fulvus) and 85 yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventris) to determine whether their alarm calls differed between species in their ability to encode information about the caller’s sex, age, and identity. Alarm calls were elicited by approaching individually identified animals in live-traps. We assume this experimental design modeled a naturally occurring predatory event, when receivers should acquire information about attributes of a caller from a single bout of alarm calls. In each species, variation that allows identification of the caller’s identity was greater than variation allowing identification of age or sex. We discuss these results in relation to each species’ biology and sociality

Current status of nuclear cardiology in the Russian Federation

The article is devoted to the analysis of the current status of nuclear cardiology in the Russian Federation. The data on the number of facilities performing radionuclide investigations for the diagnosis and monitoring of the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, their staffing and equipment are given. The statistics of the conducted nuclear cardiology tests for 2018-2020 are given, as well as their methods, features and diagnostic significance are described

Reperfusion therapies in patients with acute ischaemic stroke and atrial fibrillation: data on safety and effectiveness from a multi-centre cohort study

Background: Intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and/or endovascular therapy (EVT) are currently considered best practices in acute stroke patients. Data regarding the efficacy and safety of reperfusion therapies in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) are conflicting as regards haemorrhagic transformation, mortality, and functional outcome. This study sought to investigate for any differences, in terms of safety and effectiveness, between AF patients with acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) treated and untreated with reperfusion therapies. Methods: Data from two multicenter cohort studies (RAF and RAF-NOACs) on consecutive patients with AF and AIS were analyzed to compare patients treated and not treated with reperfusion therapies (IVT and/or EVT). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors for outcome events: 90-day good functional outcome and mortality. A propensity score matching (PSM) analysis compared treated and untreated patients. Results: Overall, 441 (25.4%) were included in the reperfusion-treated group and 1,295 (74.6%) in the untreated group. The multivariable model suggested that reperfusion therapies were significantly associated with good functional outcome. Rates of mortality and disability were higher in patients not treated, especially in the case of higher NIHSS scores. In the PSM comparison, 173/250 patients (69.2%) who had received reperfusion therapies had good functional outcome at 90 days, compared to 146/250 (58.4%) untreated patients (p = 0.009, OR: 1.60, 95% CI:1.11–2.31). Conclusions: Patients with AF and AIS treated with reperfusion therapies had a significantly higher rate of good functional outcome and lower rates of mortality compared to those patients with AF and AIS who had undergone conservative treatment

Эффективность и безопасность применения цепэгинтерферона альфа-2b в составе двойной схемы (цепэгинтерферон альфа 2b и рибавирин) противовирусной терапии у пациентов с хроническим гепатитом С, генотипами 2 и 3. Опыт реальной клинической практики

The objective: to analyze the experience of use of cepeginterferonalfa-2b and ribavirin in patients with chronic hepatitis C genotypes 2 and 3 in clinical practice, to evaluate the efficacy, safety and tolerability of this treatment regimen.Materials and methods. From 2013 to 2016 a total of 73 patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) received antiviral therapy with cepeginterferon alfa 2b (cePEG-IFN alfa-2b) and ribavirin in the Center for Gastroenterology and Hepatology of FSBE «Vishnevsky Third Military Clinical Hospital» of Russian Ministry of Defence. Treatment efficacy was assessed by the rate of sustained virologic response (SVR) on 24 week after completion of antiviral therapy. All cases of deterioration of the patient’s condition and laboratory abnormalities were registered throughout the treatment period and follow up. Severity of adverse events was assessed in accordance with the classification of CTCAE (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events).Results. 73 CHC patients genotype 2/3 received cePEGIFN alfa-2b 1.5 μg/kg/week and ribavirin 800-1400 mg/day based on body weight for 24 weeks. SVR 24 was registered in 94,7% (n=54) of patients with HCV genotype 3 and in 93,7% (n =15) patients with genotype 2. During the first 12 weeks of therapy the normalization of serum transaminase activities was registered. All adverse events were typical for interferon/ribavirin treatment regimen.Conclusion. According to our data the use of double treatment regimen (CePEG-IFN alfa-2b and ribavirin) is reasonable in patients who don’t have negative predictive factors of response to IFN-based therapy. The SVR rate in this group of patients was 94.5%.Цель: проанализировать опыт применения цепэгинтерферона альфа-2b в составе двойной схемы (цепэгинтерферон альфа-2b и рибавирин) противовирусной терапии у пациентов с хроническим гепатитом С, генотипами 2 и 3 в клинической практике; оценить эффективность, безопасность и переносимость лечения.Материалы и методы. С февраля 2013 г. по март 2016 г. в Центре гастроэнтерологии и гепатологии 3-го Центрального военного клинического госпиталя им. А.А. Вишневского 73 пациента с хроническим гепатитом С (ХГС) получали противовирусную терапию (ПВТ) с применением двойной схемы, включающей цепэгинтерферон альфа-2b (цеПЭГ-ИФН альфа-2b) и рибавирин. Эффективность лечения оценивалась по частоте достижения вирусологического ответа через 24 недели после окончания терапии – устойчивый вирусологический ответ (УВО24). В процессе лечения фиксировались все случаи нарушения самочувствия пациентов и отклонений от нормы в лабораторных тестах крови. Выраженность нежелательных явлений оценивалась в соответствии с классификацией СТСАЕ (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events).Результаты. 73 пациента с ХГС, генотипом 2 и 3, получали цеПЭГ-ИФН альфа-2b 1,5 мкг/кг/нед. и рибавирин 800–1400 мг/сут в зависимости от массы тела в течение 24 недель. УВО 24 был зафиксирован у 94,7% (n=54) пациентов с 3 генотипом HCV и у 93,7% (n=15) пациентов с 2 генотипом. В течение первых 12 недель терапии у большинства пациентов отмечена нормализация активности сывороточных трансаминаз. Все наблюдавшиеся нежелательные явления были характерны для интерферона и рибавирина.Заключение. В работе представлен опыт применения комбинации цеПЭГ-ИФН альфа-2b и рибавирина у пациентов с 2 и 3 генотипом HCV. Согласно полученным нами данным, при применении цеПЭГ-ИФН альфа-2b и рибавирина у пациентов, не имеющих предикторов неблагоприятного исхода терапии, частота УВО составила 94,5%

Hemorrhagic Transformation in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke and Atrial Fibrillation: Time to Initiation of Oral Anticoagulant Therapy and Outcomes.

Background In patients with acute ischemic stroke and atrial fibrillation, early anticoagulation prevents ischemic recurrence but with the risk of hemorrhagic transformation ( HT ). The aims of this study were to evaluate in consecutive patients with acute stroke and atrial fibrillation (1) the incidence of early HT, (2) the time to initiation of anticoagulation in patients with HT , (3) the association of HT with ischemic recurrences, and (4) the association of HT with clinical outcome at 90 days. Methods and Results HT was diagnosed by a second brain computed tomographic scan performed 24 to 72 hours after stroke onset. The incidence of ischemic recurrences as well as mortality or disability (modified Rankin Scale scores >2) were evaluated at 90 days. Ischemic recurrences were the composite of ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack, or systemic embolism. Among the 2183 patients included in the study, 241 (11.0%) had HT . Patients with and without HT initiated anticoagulant therapy after a mean 23.3 and 11.6 days, respectively, from index stroke. At 90 days, 4.6% (95% confidence interval, 2.3-8.0) of the patients with HT had ischemic recurrences compared with 4.9% (95% confidence interval, 4.0-6.0) of those without HT ; 53.1% of patients with  HT were deceased or disabled compared with 35.8% of those without HT . On multivariable analysis, HT was associated with mortality or disability (odds ratio, 1.71; 95% confidence interval, 1.24-2.35). Conclusions In patients with HT , anticoagulation was initiated about 12 days later than patients without HT . This delay was not associated with increased detection of ischemic recurrence. HT was associated with increased mortality or disability