All-fiber optical supercontinuum sources in 1.7-3.2 μm range

We report supercontinuum generation in the 1.7-2.9 μm range with up to 3.08 W of output power and in the range of 1.93-3.18 μm with up to 3.8 W of output power from all-fiber MOPA pulsed systems with Tm-doped fiber mode-locked seed laser. Supercontinuum generation was demonstrated in nonlinear germanate fibers and fluoride (ZBLAN) fibers. The supercontinuum bandwidth reached 1250 nm at -10 dB level

YDFL operating in 1150-1200-nm spectral domain

A family of high-power Yb-doped fiber lasers operated in the range of 1150-1180 nm with output powers of up to 35 W and optical efficiencies up to 60% is realized. Operation at 1200 nm is also demonstrated. Amplified spontaneous emission increase with output power increase is analyzed in frames of the inhomogeneous broadening concept

Broadband dispersion measurement of ZBLAN, germanate and silica fibers in MidIR

We report the first ultra-broad band dispersion measurements in short-length ZBLAN, germanate and silica-based optical fibers in the near- and midIR wavelength ranges between 1.7 and 2.0 μ m and from 2.3 to 2.45 μm, using two ultra-broadband light sources: a broadband superluminescent Tm-doped fiber source and a novel femtosecond pulsed mode-locked Cr:ZnS oscillator. The measured second order dispersion characteristics of the fibers correspond to the theoretical predictions (numerical calculations)

Features of disease course of some forms of herpesvirus infection

Among the many factors that directly affect the immune system, infections caused by the herpes virus deserve special attention. In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of patients suffering from chronic recurrent herpesvirus infections, which in many cases are accompanied by severe general malaise and a number of therapeutic complaints. Today about 80-95% of the population is infected with Epstein-Barr virus EBV. Primary infection of EBV leads to lifelong persistence of the pathogen with possible periodic reactivation under the action of various immunosuppressive factors, which leads to chronic forms of the disease. EBV can cause chronic manifest and erased forms of the disease, running on the type of chronic mononucleosis. Thus, the study of the nature of clinical and laboratory changes in patients with chronic EBV infection and the peculiarities of the disease is an urgent problem of our time. The aim of this work was to study the features of the course of chronic EBV infection. We performed a comprehensive clinical and laboratory examination of 128 patients with chronic EBV infection (reactivation period). The diagnosis of chronic EBV infection was established on the basis of medical history, complaints, the presence of specific antibodies to EBV antigens and the detection of virus DNA in the blood. Studies of clinical blood tests of patients with chronic EBV infection and the control group showed differences. Thus, in patients with chronic EBV infection, a significantly elevated ESR level was found - 12.6 ± 1.8 versus 4.5 ± 1.1 inthe control group (p <0.05). The levels of erythrocytes, hemoglobin and platelets did not differ significantly from the control group. In patients with chronic EBV infection, there was a decrease in the level of leukocytes (5.13 ± 0.22) x 109/ l against (6.20 ± 1.8) x 109/l in the control group (p> 0.05), but these changes did not go beyond the norms established for healthy people. Analysis of the leukocyte formula revealed the presence of patients with chronic WEB infection with a significant increase in the relative content of lymphocytes - 42.50 ± 2.0% against 33.70 ± 2.68% (p <0.05) and monocytes - 11.15 ± 0.9% vs. 3.0 ± 0.6% (p <0.05), which was the basis for confirming the presence of a chronic infectious process. In general, 94.8% of patients with chronic EBV infection had lymphocytosis and 82.5% had monocytosis. The relative number of neutrophils in patients with chronic WEB infection averaged 45.35 ± 4.1% against 61.7 ± 3.8% in the control group (p <0.05); the relative number of eosinophils and basophils was within normal limits. When studying the absolute number of lymphocytes and monocytes in patients with chronic EBV infection, there was a tendency to increase them and their level was on average (2.13 ± 0.7) x 109/ l and (0.51 ± 0.08) x 109/ l against (2.39 ± 0.7) x 109/ l and (0.47 ± 0.08) x 109/ l in the control group (p> 0.05). The absolute number of neutrophils in patients with chronic WEB infection was significantly lower than in the control group and was 2.70 x 109/ l versus 4.21 x 109/ l (p <0.05). The study of the absolute number of eosinophils and basophils in patients with chronic EBV infection did not reveal statistically significant differences compared with the control group. Thus, according to the results of our study, we found that patients with chronic EBV infection among the clinical manifestations were most often chronic tonsillitis, chronic fatigue syndrome and peripheral lymphadenopathy. Analysis of the results of laboratory studies revealed a significant increase in ESR, relative lymphocytes and monocytes, as well as a decrease in absolute and relative neutrophils, compared with the control group of patients, indicating a shift in white blood cell count, characteristic of the viral etiology of the disease what associated with the EBV.DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.403896

Additional visits as a factor determining the psychoemotional status of a dentist and a patient requiring endodontic treatment

The possibility of achieving effective communication that optimizes interpersonal relations between the doctor and the patient along with the formation of manual skills is one of the most important aspects of dental education. The paper presents the results of the survey of 58 second-year resident physicians and 64 dentists with more than 5 years of work experienc

Reaction of 5-benzalbarbituric acid with trimethyl phosphite and tri(dimethylamino) phosphine

1. Trimethyl phosphite at -14° adds to 5-benzalbarbituric acid to give the (1:1) adduct with a bipolar structure, which then isomerizes to the methyl ester of the enol form of the dimethyl ester of barbituryl-5-benzylphosphonic acid. The latter is also formed by running the reaction at room temperature. 2. In the presence of glacial acetic acid, trimethyl phosphite reacts with 5-benzalbarbituric acid to give the dimethyl ester of barbituryl-5-benzylphosphonic acid in the enol form. 3. The reaction of tri(dimethylamino)phosphine with 5-benzalbarbituric acid gave the crystalline (1:1) adduct, which has the structure of a bipolar ion containing the P-C bond. © 1971 Consultants Bureau

Anosognosia in patients with acute hemispheric ischemic stroke

Objective: to investigate the frequency of anosognosia (a deficit of self-awareness), its anatomic correlates associated with other neuropsychological and neurological disorders in acute hemispheric ischemic stroke (IS).Patients and methods 150 patients (83 men and 67 women; mean age, 63.0±9.3 years) with acute hemispheric IS were examined. All the patients underwent neurological, neuroimaging, and neuropsychological (by the procedure described by A.R. Luria) examinations. neuropsychological investigations. Anosognosia was diagnosed using the Dysexecutive Questionnaire (DEX) and the authors' procedure involving a scale to measure impaired self-rating of motor abilities and a scale to measure impaired self-rating of cognitive abilities in everyday life.Results and discussion. In the acute period of hemispheric IS, reduced self-awareness of motor and cognitive abilities was noted in 14% of the patients and unawareness of only cognitive abilities was recorded in 15%. Patients with anosognosia and cognitive dysfunction (ACD) and those with anosognosia and motor dysfunction (AMD) had right-sided hemispheric IS more frequently (76%) while this was not found in patients with isolated ACD. The development of anosognosia for paralysis and paresis was favored by the large sizes of an ischemic focus that involved a few lobes in the posterior regions of the brain although no lesions were found in the anosognosia-specific anatomical regions. ACD and AMD proved to be associated with unilateral spatial and tactile neglect and obvious regulatory dysfunction

Flat-top supercontinuum and tunable femtosecond fiber laser sources at 1.9-2.5 μm

We report the high-energy flat-top supercontinuum covering the mid-infrared wavelength range of 1.9-2.5 μm as well as electronically tunable femtosecond pulses between 1.98-2.22 μm directly from the thulium-doped fiber laser amplifier. Comparison of experimental results with numerical simulations confirms that both sources employ the same nonlinear optical mechanism - Raman soliton frequency shift occurring inside the Tm-fiber amplifier. To illustrate that, we investigate two versions of the compact diode-pumped SESAM mode-locked femtosecond thulium-doped all-silica-fiber-based laser system providing either broadband supercontinuum or tunable Raman soliton output, depending on the parameters of the system. The first system operates in the Raman soliton regime providing femtosecond pulses tunable between 1.98-2.22 μm. Wide and continuous spectral tunability over 240 nm was realized by changing only the amplifier pump diode current. The second system generates high-energy supercontinuum with the superior spectral flatness of better than 1 dB covering the wavelength range of 1.9-2.5 μm, with the total output energy as high as 0.284 μJ, the average power of 2.1 W at 7.5 MHz repetition rate. We simulate the amplifier operation in the Raman soliton self-frequency shift regime and discuss the role of induced Raman scattering in supercontinuum formation inside the fiber amplifier. We compare this system with a more traditional 1.85-2.53 μm supercontinuum source in the external highly-nonlinear commercial chalcogenide fiber using the Raman soliton MOPA as an excitation source. The reported systems1 can be readily applied to a number of industrial applications in the mid-IR, including sensing, stand-off detection, medical surgery and fine material processing