Stress resistance in building a career in sports

In the modern world, a person is exposed to various stress-resistant situations that push a person to the emergence of various kinds of stress. The article focuses on the characteristics of the concepts of “stress tolerance”, “stress tolerance in sport”, “career”, “professional career”, “career in sport”: the main features and details. The purpose of the article is to study the psychoemotional state of an athlete; the development and testing of a program of psychological assistance to athletes who find themselves in a stressful situation when building a sports career. The article focuses on the features of psychological assistance to athletes who are in a stressful situation when building a sports career, by means of psychological counseling. The study of the emotional and personal sphere of athletes, the features of psychological assistance to athletes who are in a stressful situation when building a sports career, by means of psychological counseling. The framework, topics of counseling and support when dealing with stress in athletes in the study touched the framework of personal psychology. Let us analyze the results obtained by the method "Scale of rapid diagnosis of the level of neurotization." The presented fact allows us to judge the emerging trend among athletes who fall into the category of people who find themselves in a stressful situation, towards the development of instability of the emotional background. Also, this can often lead to mood recessions and an increased indicator of personal frustration in the event of a failure in competitions and in the usual training process, that is, in everyday life. This fact can tell us about the likelihood of a conflict within their personality. The achieved results can be used in programs of advisory work of a psychologist-consultant with athletes who have experienced stressful situations when building a sports career

Заболеваемость гриппом, острыми респираторными вирусными инфекциями и пневмонией населения Центрального административного округа г. Москвы и вакцинопрофилактика в 2012–2016 гг.

This study was aimed at investigation of effects of vaccination against influenza and pneumococcal infection on seasonal morbidity and mortality of influenza, acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in 2012 – 2016 in population of the Central district of Moscow. Methods. Data for the analysis were obtained from official statistic reports and death certificates of patients died in a hospital from flu and CAP. Results of virological investigations of nasopharyngeal swabs for viral RNA of influenza А(H1N1)09v, А(H3N2), and В, and results of bacteriological investigations of sputum and were also used. Results. The morbidity of infectious and parasitic diseases in the Central district of Moscow has decreased by 21.0% in 2016, if compared to 2012, including 19.0% decrease for ARVI. Morbidity of flu increased, probably due to epidemic circulation of influenza virus and improvement in laboratory diagnosis. CAP morbidity was associated with epidemic circulation of influenza and other respiratory viruses and has increased from 2015 to 2016. The highest morbidity of CAP and severe fatal CAP were registered during influenza epidemics. There was a 1.95-fold increase in vaccination coverage against influenza and 3.69-fold increase in vaccination coverage against pneumococcal infection. Though CAP and influenza morbidity increased, vaccination was related to decrease in mortality from CAP in 2016. Conclusion. The results demonstrated that ARVI morbidity in the Central district of Moscow had decreased in 2012 – 2016, but influenza incidence increased. Pneumonia morbidity was associated with epidemic growth of flu and ARVI morbidity. Vaccination coverage against flu and CAP increased and resulted in decreased morbidity of ARVI and decreased mortality from CAP and influenza.Острые респираторные вирусные инфекции (ОРВИ), грипп и внебольничная пневмония (ВП) ежегодно наносят большой ущерб российской экономике в связи с заболеваемостью и смертностью населения. С целью оценки влияния вакцинации против гриппа и пневмококковой инфекции (ПИ) изучена сезонная заболеваемость и смертность от ОРВИ, гриппа и ВП населения Центрального административного округа (ЦАО) г. Москвы за 2012–2016 гг. Материалы и методы. Проведен анализ данных о заболеваемости населения ЦАО г. Москвы, полученных из официальных форм статистической отчетности № 1, 2 и вакцинации (формы № 5, 6), а также по результатам исследований микробиологической лаборатории носоглоточных мазков с целью выявления РНК вируса гриппа А(H1N1)09v, А(H3N2) и В, бактериологического исследования мокроты и заключения врачебных свидетельств о смерти от гриппа и ВП госпитализированных в стационары пациентов. Результаты. Показано, что заболеваемость инфекционными и паразитарными болезнями населения ЦАО г. Москвы снизилась в 2016 г. по сравнению с 2012 г. на 21,0 %, в т. ч. ОРВИ – на 19,0 %, при этом заболеваемость гриппом увеличилась, что может быть связано с эпидемической циркуляцией вирусов гриппа и улучшением лабораторной диагностики. Заболеваемость ВП ассоциировалась с эпидемической циркуляцией вирусов гриппа и ОРВИ и в 2016 г. по сравнению с 2015 г. увеличилась. Наибольший уровень заболеваемости и тяжелого течения ВП с летальным исходом отмечался в периоды эпидемий гриппа. Охват населения вакцинацией против гриппа по сравнению с показателем 2012 г. увеличился в 2016 г. в 1,95 раза, ПИ – в 3,68 раза, что способствовало снижению частоты летальных исходов при ВП в 2016 г., несмотря на повышенный уровень заболеваемости населения гриппом и ВП. Заключение. Установлено, что по сравнению с 2012 г. заболеваемость населения ЦАО г. Москвы ОРВИ в 2016 г. снизилась, однако регистрация случаев гриппа увеличилась. Продемонстрировано, что заболеваемость ВП ассоциирована с эпидемическим подъемом заболеваемости ОРВИ и гриппом, при этом охват населения вакцинацией против гриппа и ПИ увеличился, что способствовало снижению заболеваемости ОРВИ и частоты летальных исходов при ВП и гриппе

CYTOKINE PROFILE IN VISCERAL OBESITY AND ADVERSE CARDIOVASCULAR PROGNOSIS OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

Presence of myocardial infarction in patients with obesity can lead to an uncontrolled increase in proinflammatory cytokines and unfavorable course of the pathological process. Objective: to study the relationship of key inflammatory factors and the development of complications at different terms after myocardial infarction in patients with visceral obesity. The study involved 94 men with myocardial infarction. Visceral obesity was diagnosed by multi-slice computed tomography (LightspeedVCT 64 ,General Electric,USA). On the 1st and 12th day of hospitalization, we determined serum concentrations of interleukins (TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 IL-10 and IL-12), and C-reactive protein. Adverse cardiovascular events were documented during the next year. The most informative indicators were identified by a stepwise logistic regression analysis. In patients with myocardial infarction an imbalance of cytokine profile revealed, i.e., an increase in proinflammatory markers (TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, CRP), along with decrease in IL-10, being more pronounced in cases of visceral obesity. Among the studied markers, closest relationship was observed between visceral obesity and serum concentrations of IL-6 and CRP. Over the year, adverse cardiovascular events proved to be more frequent in patients with visceral obesity. Post-infarction complication risk was associated with higher concentrations of IL-6, IL-12 and IL-10 deficiency. Hence, development of adverse cardiovascular events within a year after myocardial infarction is more typical to the patients with visceral obesity, and is accompanied by activation of proinflammatory cytokines and IL-10 deficiency

Участие активных форм кислорода в регуляции Са2+ - активируемых К + -каналов эритроцитов

In this study, we investigated the effects of preincubation with the reactive oxygen species-generating system xanthine oxidase/xanthine on Ca2+-dependent potassium permeability of erythrocyte membrane. The increase of intracellular calcium concentration in presence of calcium ionophore A23187 led to erythrocyte membrane hyperpolarization due to opening of Ca2+-activated potassium channels. Erythrocyte membrane potential was recorded via measurement of pH of the incubation medium in presence of prothonophore. Incubation of erythrocytes with xanthine (100 µmol)/ xanthine oxidase (10 mU/ml) mixture resulted in significant loss of amplitude and rate of hyperpolarization response and also loss the rate of membrane potential restoration. These effects can be caused by hydrogen peroxide, one of products of reaction of xanthine oxidase/xanthine.Изучен эффект предынкубации эритроцитов с активными формами кислорода, генерируемыми системой ксантиноксидаза - ксантин, на Са2+-зависимую калиевую проницаемость мембраны этих клеток. Увеличение внутриклеточной концентрации кальция в присутствии кальциевого ионофора А23187 вело к гиперполяризации эритроцитарной мембраны вследствие открывания Са2+-зависимых калиевых каналов. Мембранный потенциал эритроцитов был зарегистрирован благодаря измерению рН среды инкубации в присутствии протонофора. Инкубация эритроцитов в присутствии ксантина (100 мкмоль) и ксантиноксидазы (10 мU/мл) приводило к значительному снижению амплитуды и скорости развития гиперполяризации, а также к уменьшению скорости восстановления мембранного потенциала. Эти эффекты могут быть вызваны перекисью водорода - одним из продуктов ксантиноксидазной реакции

ИЗУЧЕНИЕ КАРДИОТОКСИЧНОСТИ ПРОДУКТОВ ГИДРОЛИТИЧЕСКОЙ ДЕГРАДАЦИИ ТРУБЧАТЫХ ПОЛИМЕРНЫХ МАТРИКСОВ, ПРИГОДНЫХ ВЫСТУПИТЬ В КАЧЕСТВЕ СОСУДИСТОГО ИМПЛАНТА МАЛОГО ДИАМЕТРА

The evaluation of cardiotoxicity of the degradation products of electrospunpolyhydroxybutyrate-valerate and polycaprolactone tubular matrices, subjected to 6-month hydrolytic degradation in sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS) at 37 ºC, was performed. After matrices incubation in PBS, high performance liquid chromatography was used to analyze individual analytes for the presence of monomers and other compounds each month. Cardiotoxicity of analytes was evaluated in a model of isolated perfused rat heart (male Wistar rats) using the Langendorff technique. The rate of coronary flow and enzymatic activity of creatine phosphokinase and lactate dehydrogenase myocardial fractions were measured during the analytes injections. Both, polyhydroxybutyrate-valerate and polycaprolactone, had no significant signs of hydrolytic degradation of polymers into monomers after 6-month storage time. PBS after 6-month incubation of the studied samples did not produce any cardiotoxic effect in the experiments on isolated rat heart and did not demonstrate any significant increase of enzyme activity in the perfusate.Проведен анализ кардиотоксичности продуктов деградации полимеров полигидроксибутирата/валерата и поликапролактона, явившихся основой для изготовления трубчатого каркаса методом электроспиннинга и подвергнутых 6-месячной гидролитической деградации в стерильном фосфатно-солевом буфере при температуре 37 ºС. Исследование состава аналитов на наличие мономеров и прочих соединений после инкубации матриксов в буфере проводили ежемесячно с помощью жидкостной хроматографии. Кардиотоксичность аналитов оценивали на модели изолированного сердца крыс-самцов линии Wistar методом Langendorff. На фоне введения аналитов измеряли скорость коронарного протока и изучали ферментативную активность миокардиальной фракции креатинфосфокиназы и лактатдегидрогиназы. Полигидроксибутират/валерат и поликапролактон не имели достоверных признаков распада до мономеров через 6 месяцев гидролитической деградации, а фосфатно-солевой буфер, в котором инкубировали данные образцы в течение 6 месяцев, не вызывал кардиотоксического эффекта в экспериментах на модели изолированного сердца и достоверного повышения активности ферментов в перфузате

Метод пространственной тромбодинамики как инструмент контроля эффективности антикоагулянтной терапии у пациентов с тромбоэмболией легочной артерии

Background. Monitoring of hemostasis in patients with pulmonary embolism (PE) to assess the efficacy and safety of anticoagulant therapy is one of the most emerging needs in clinical practice.Aim. To determine the factors associated with an insufficient decrease in the rate of fibrin clot formation in patients after pulmonary embolism receiving anticoagulation therapy.Methods. 33 patients were recruited in the study. To control plasma hemostasis, we measured coagulogram indices and performed dynamic thrombophotometry (T-2 Thrombodynamics Registrar, GemaCore, Russia).Results. The median rate of fibrin clot formation in the general sample of patients was within the normal range. However, 13 patients (39.4%) had these values higher than 29 pm/min. Patients with an insufficient decrease in the rate of fibrin clot formation were significantly younger (p = 0.045), more often had massive PE of the main branches of the pulmonary artery (p = 0.015), and high systolic pulmonary artery pressure (p = 0.043).Conclusion. Thrombodynamics allows identifying patients with PE and an increased thrombogenic potential under anticoagulation therapy by the end of the hospital stage. A high rate of fibrin clot formation by the end of the hospital period is observed in younger patients with thrombosis of the main branches of the pulmonary artery and high pulmonary hypertension.Актуальность. Тщательный мониторинг состояния системы гемостаза у пациентов с тромбоэмболией легочной артерии (ТЭЛА) с оценкой эффективности и безопасности антикоагулянтной терапии является одной из важнейших задач.Цель. Определить факторы, связанные с недостаточным снижением скорости образования фибринового сгустка у пациентов после ТЭЛА на фоне антикоагулянтной терапии.Материалы и методы. В исследование включены 33 пациента. Для контроля состояния плазменного гемостаза использовали показатели коагулограммы и метод динамической тромбо-фотометрии («Регистратор тромбодинамики Т-2», «ГемаКор», Россия).Результаты. Выявлено, что медиана скорости образования фибринового сгустка в общей выборке пациентов была в пределах нормы, однако у 13 пациентов (39,4%) наблюдались значения выше 29 мкм/мин. Установлено, что пациенты с недостаточным снижением скорости образования фибринового сгустка были значимо моложе (р = 0,045), при этом чаще имели массивную ТЭЛА в главных ветвях (р = 0,015) и высокое систолическое давление в легочной артерии (р = 0,043).Заключение. Метод тромбодинамики характеризуется возможностью идентифицировать больных ТЭЛА с повышенным тромбогенным потенциалом на фоне антикоагулянтной терапии к концу госпитального этапа лечения. Высокая скорость образования фибринового сгустка к концу госпитального периода наблюдалась у более молодых пациентов с тромбозом главных ветвей легочной артерии и высокой легочной гипертензией

Chromosomal organization at the level of gene complexes

Metazoan genomes primarily consist of non-coding DNA in comparison to coding regions. Non-coding fraction of the genome contains cis-regulatory elements, which ensure that the genetic code is read properly at the right time and space during development. Regulatory elements and their target genes define functional landscapes within the genome, and some developmentally important genes evolve by keeping the genes involved in specification of common organs/tissues in clusters and are termed gene complex. The clustering of genes involved in a common function may help in robust spatio-temporal gene expression. Gene complexes are often found to be evolutionarily conserved, and the classic example is the hox complex. The evolutionary constraints seen among gene complexes provide an ideal model system to understand cis and trans-regulation of gene function. This review will discuss the various characteristics of gene regulatory modules found within gene complexes and how they can be characterized

MONITORING OF LIFE QUALITY, PSYCHOLOGICAL STATUS AND TREATMENT ADHERENCE AT PREVENTION EVENTS IN LOCAL POLYCLINICS

Aim. Comparative analysis of life quality (LQ), psychological status and treatment adherence in patients before and after prevention events in local polyclinics.Material and methods. In the study, both gender persons participated (n=1082), age 21-70 y.o., registered as dispensary in the polyclinics of MBHI “Clinical Consulting-Diagnostical Center” of Kemerovo. During 6 months, two groups were followed up, comparable by the mean level of the main modifiable risk factors. Main group patients underwent primary risk measurement and further investigation with innovative approach to medical prevention, based on differential group training. All participants, before and after the prevention events were assessed for LQ, psychological status, treatment adherence.Results. In patients under dispensary follow up in local polyclinics, there were revealed: predominance of middle level of physical component and low level of psychological component of LQ; high level of chronic psychoemotional stress, anxiety and depression; high level of treatment adherence. The efficacy shown, of the performed prevention events. In intervention group there was significant positive dynamics almost in all scales of SF-36. Self-rating increased for the health self-evaluation and for treatment perspectives — GH (p=0,0001), psychoemotional background improved — RE (p=0,0001), social — SF (p=0,001) and life activity — VT (p=0,0089), the levels of situational and trait anxiety decreased (p=0,001 and p=0,0047 respectively), treatment adherence increased (p=0,00043).Conclusion. By the results of the study, the differences revealed in LQ, psychoemotional status and treatment adherence in the main patients group, who were managed with an innovative clinical organizational approach, and in comparison group. LQ of the main group patients by all SF-36 scales significantly improved, levels decreased of psychoemotional stress, anxiety and depression. Innovative methods of prevention work in local polyclinics facilitate improvement of LQ, patient’s responsibility for self-health care; shape rational and active attitude towards the disease, motivation to be healthier, treatment adherence and compliance to clinician recommendations