Methodological aspects of the use of dry components of chicken eggs for feeding children with phenylketonuria

Currently, one of the most important tasks facing science and production is the creation of functional product technologies for use in different diets of the population in order to preserve and improve health, as well as reduce the risks and consequences of various diseases, including hereditary ones, such as phenylketonuria (PKU). The All-Russian Research Institute of Starch Products develops technologies for the production of low-protein starch-based products/semi-products enriched with functional ingredients and intended for therapeutic nutrition of patients with PKU. As part of the pilot production, the production of these products is organized. Purpose of work:to justify the possibility of using dry components of chicken eggs (melange, protein, yolk) to enrich low-protein starch products (noodles, vermichel, «spider») intended for feeding children over 3 years old with phenylketonuria;evaluate organoleptic properties and efficiency of low-protein starch products enriched in hypophenylalanine diet of patients with phenylketonuria older than 3 years

Some Peculiarities in the Dose Dependence of Separate and Combined In Vitro Cardiotoxicity Effects Induced by CdS and PbS Nanoparticles With Special Attention to Hormesis Manifestations

Spherical nanoparticles (NPs) of cadmium and lead sulfides (diameter 37 ± 5 and 24 ± 4 nm, respectively) have been found to be cytotoxic for HL-1 cardiomyocytes as evidenced by decrease in adenosine triphosphate–dependent luminescence. Cadmium sulfide (CdS)-NPs were discovered to produce a much greater cytotoxic impact than lead sulphide (PbS)-NP. Given the same dose range, CdS-NP reduced the number of calcium spikes. A similar effect was observed for small doses of PbS-NP. In addition to cell hypertrophy under the impact of certain doses of CdS-NP and PbS-NP, doses causing cardiomyocyte size reduction were identified. For these 3 outcomes, we obtained both monotonic “dose–response” functions (well approximated by the hyperbolic function) and different variants of non-monotonic ones for which we found adequate mathematical expressions by modifying certain models of hormesis available in the literature. Data analysis using a response surface linear model with a cross-term provided new support to the previously established postulate that a diversity of types of joint action characteristic of one and the same pair of damaging agents is one of the important assertions of the general theory of combined toxicity. © The Author(s) 2020

Laboratory indicators of exposure to chemical toxicants in the air of the working area as indicators of the health of workers of copper smelting enterprises

The article provides a retrospective analysis of clinical and laboratory data of 70 smelters at two enterprises: for the production of fine copper and the production of rough copper. The workers were divided into two groups according to the working conditions at the two enterprises. The first group consisted of 46 middleaged men, aged 43.34±9.90 years, with an average work experience of 14±8.80 years. The second group is 24 men, the average age is 43.54±9.72 years, the average experience is 16±6.99 years. To assess the state of health, the following methods are used: "Health passport of the employee", " Conclusion of the preliminary (periodic) medical examination (examination)". All the examined patients underwent a clinical blood test, a biochemical blood test, and a general urine test. The study of the reliability of differences showed that the workers of the copper smelting shop at the enterprise for processing fine copper had significantly higher hematological indicators: white blood cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and the workers at the enterprise for processing rough copper had higher red blood cells in the general analysis of urine and biochemical indicators: total bilirubin, glucose, ALT, AST. A significant correlation was established between the indicators of copper and total bilirubin, ALT, AST, cholesterol, and microhematuria in smelters at the enterprise for processing fine copper.В статье проведен ретроспективный анализ клиниколабораторных данных 70 плавильщиков на двух предприятиях: по производству чистовой меди и производству черновой меди. Рабочие были поделены на две группы в соответствии с условиями труда на двух предприятиях. Первая группа -рабочие 46 мужчин среднего возраста 43,34±9,90 года, средний стаж 14±8,80 лет. Вторая группа - 24 мужчины, средний возраст 43,54±9,72 года, средний стаж 16±6,99лет. Для оценки состояния здоровья использованы: «Паспорт здоровья работника», «Заключение предварительного (периодического) медицинского осмотра (обследования)». Всем обследованным были выполнены клинический анализ крови, биохимическое исследование крови, общий анализ мочи. Исследование достоверности различий показало, что у рабочих медеплавильного цеха на предприятии по переработке чистовой меди достоверно выше гематологические показатели: лейкоциты, нейтрофилы, лимфоциты, а у рабочих на предприятии по переработке черновой меди достоверно выше эритроциты в общем анализе мочи и биохимические показатели: общий билирубин, глюкоза, АЛТ, АСТ. Установлена достоверная корреляционная между показателями медь и общим билирубином, АЛТ, АСТ, холестерином, микрогематурией у плавильщиков на предприятии по переработке чистовой меди

Оценка возможности использования данных дистанционного зондирования и цепей Маркова для прогноза развития растительного покрова

In conditions of global climate change, it is important to develop reliable models allowing to reliably predict plant development based on combination of the Earth remote sensing data and statistical modeling. Modeling by means of Markov chains is an efficient and at the same time simple way to predict random events, which include prediction of performance of phytomass of agricultural crops. The Earth remote sensing data obtained from the Sentinel-2 satellite with spatial resolution of 10 m were used to calculate the value of vegetation index NDVI and obtain different time rasters (2017-2019) with different degrees of vegetation cover development. To construct the matrix of probability of transition from one state to another for different levels of vegetation cover development, functionality of geoinformation systems (GIS) were used allowing to classify raster images, transform them into vector layers, and establish intersection areas. The probability matrix was later used to predict vegetation cover development using the Markov model as a predictor. The developed prediction model was tested for feasibility of the χ2 test. The results obtained showed that both the modeled values and the actual area of vegetation distribution with different degrees of development, determined from the available raster image of 2019, correlated well with each other. The research results can be useful both in developing forecasting methods and in directly predicting the crop yield of primarily dense-cover agricultural crops, as well as for estimating performance of pastures and creating efficient pasture rotations.В условиях глобальных климатических изменений актуальной является разработка надежных моделей, позволяющих получать достоверные прогнозы развития растений на основе комбинирования данных дистанционного зондирования Земли и статистического моделирования. Моделирование посредством цепей Маркова – эффективный и одновременно простой способ прогнозирования случайных событий, к которым относится и прогнозирование продуктивности фитомассы сельскохозяйственных культур. Данные дистанционного зондирования Земли, полученные со спутника Sentinel-2, с пространственным разрешением 10 м были использованы для вычисления величины вегетационного индекса NDVI и получения разновременных растров (2017–2019 гг.) c различной степенью развития растительного покрова. Для построения матрицы вероятности перехода из одного состояния в другое для различных уровней развития растительности использовались функциональные возможности геоинформационных систем, посредством которых выполнялась классификация растровых изображений, их преобразование в векторные слои и установление областей пересечения. Матрица вероятностей в дальнейшем использовалась для прогнозирования развития растительности с использованием в качестве предиктора марковской модели. Разработанная прогнозная модель была проверена на выполнимость теста χ2. Полученные результаты показали, что как смоделированные значения, так и фактическая площадь распределения растительности с различной степенью развития, определенная по имеющемуся растровому изображению за 2019 г., хорошо соотносятся между собой. Результаты исследования могут быть полезны при разработке методики прогнозирования и при непосредственном прогнозировании урожайности, прежде всего плотнопокровных сельскохозяйственных культур, а также для оценки продуктивности пастбищ и создания эффективных пастбищеоборотов

New Data on Variously Directed Dose-Response Relationships and the Combined Action Types for Different Outcomes of in Vitro Nanoparticle Cytotoxicity

Spherical selenium-oxide and copper-oxide nanoparticles (SeO-NP with mean diameter 51 ± 14 nm and CuO-NP with mean diameter 21 ± 4 nm) were found to be cytotoxic for human fibroblast-like cells in vitro, as judged by decreased ATP-dependent luminescence. Compared with SeO-NP, CuO-NP produced a somewhat stronger effect of this kind. Along with cell hypertrophy developing in response to certain doses of SeO-NP and CuO-NP, our experiment also revealed doses causing a decrease in cell and cell-nucleus sizes. We observed both monotonic and different variants of nonmonotonic dose-response relationship. For the latter, we have succeeded in constructing adequate mathematical expressions based on the generalized hormesis paradigm that we had considered previously in respect of CdS-NP and PbS-NP cytotoxicity for cardiomyocites. It was demonstrated as well that combined toxicity of SeO-NP and CuO-NP is of different types depending on the outcome. © The Author(s) 2021.The author(s) received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. The equipment of the Ural Center for Shared Use "Modern nanotechnology" Ural Federal University (Reg.& numero; 2968) was used

Monitoring of secretory immunoglobulin a in workers of a copper stealing plant in contact bwith industrial aerosols of complex composition

The purpose of the study is to determine sIgA in the oral fluid of workers of a copper smelter as a predictor of the formation of immunocompromised workers exposed to industrial aerosols.Цель исследования - определение sIgA в ротовой жидкости у рабочих медеплавильного предприятия, как предиктора формирования иммунокомпрометированности у рабочих, подвергающихся воздействию промышленных аэрозолей

Parameters immune status of sicks of chronical relapsing aphtous stomatitis

This work is about research immunity at chronical relapsing aphtous stomatitis. Urgency of studying this problem is approved by increasing number of diseases and difficult treatment. The established changes of immunity of patients with CRAS let to prognose current of disease and develop methods of treatment including immunocorrection.Данная работа посвящена вопросу исследования цитокинового профиля при хроническом рецидивирующем афтозном стоматите. Актуальность изучения иммунологических механизмов и их роль в развитии афтозного стоматита связана с увеличением числа рецидивов, длительностью течения и сложностью лечения. В ходе исследования было установлено снижение концентрации гамма-интерферона, увеличение продукции TNF-

Impact of toxicity effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles in rats within acute and subacute experiments

Introduction. Occupational air is contaminated with zinc oxide nanoparticles in the copper smelting industry, especially in the smelting of brass and copper. A wide range of toxic effects with varied clinical symptomatology is observed in zinc and its compounds. Competitive relations with many other metals, including calcium, copper, and iron, are the foundation of most cases of zinc intoxication. Long-term administration of zinc or its compounds to laboratory rodents affects enzymes, carbohydrates and mineral metabolism. Materials and methods. Subchronic intoxication with repeated intraperitoneal injections and acute low respiratory tract reaction to a single intratracheal injection of zinc nanoparticles were simulated in outbred white rats. Water suspensions of zinc oxide nanoparticles with a 30-80 nm diameter were applied in both experimental models. Upon completion of the exposure, the condition of the rats in all groups was evaluated in many generally accepted criteria for toxicity. The student’s t-test was applied for statistical analysis of the obtained data. Results. Moderate intoxication development in a subchronic experiment is demonstrated. Homogeneous ultrastructural changes in the spleen tissue were revealed. Mitochondrial damage with partial or complete loss of crista is the most common. The fragmentation ratio of DNA was found by a statistically significant increase. A single intratracheal injection of zinc oxide nanoparticles revealed the increase in the attraction of cells capable of their phagocytosis (mainly neutrophils) into the low respiratory tract. This shows their cytotoxicity. Conclusion. Moderate general toxic and cytotoxic effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles on the rat body were identified. © 2021 Izdatel'stvo Meditsina. All rights reserved

Результаты проспективного исследования клинической эффективности новых отечественных специализированных продуктов без фенилаланина

Background: Specialized foods, based on aminoacids without phenilalanin, are the main source of protein for patients with phenilketonuria of all ages. Based on modern technologies, new Russian-made foods were created. They have an optimized aminoacid and micronutrient composition, which increases their bioavailability.Objective: Our aim was to investigate the clinical efficiency of the new Russian-made specialized foods based on aminoacids without phenylalanine, in patients with phenylketonuria.Methods: Evaluating physical, somatic and neuropsychic development as well as measuring phenylalanine blood level were carried out twice: before the prescription and after 1 month of using the new Russian-made specialized foods. The chemical composition of the ration was controlled using dietology methods.Results: 57 children at the age of 14 days to 15 years with phenylketonuria (which was detected in neonatal screening) were picked for this study. A hypophenylalanine diet has been prescribed for all children no later than at the age of 3 months of life. In children of the first year (I group) (among which there were children with high phenylalanine blood levels) phenylalanine concentration decreased from 5,5 (4,0; 21,0) to 4,4 (3,7; 4,7) mg/dl (p = 0,014) while using Russian-made specialized foods. In this group of children the psychomotor and physical indices improved. In early childhood-, preschool- and school-aged patients phenylalanine blood level remained steady. The chemical composition of the ration with Russian-made foods, based on aminoacids without phenylalanine, corresponded to the reference intake of main nutrients and energy.Conclusion: Hypophenylalanine diet with new Russian-made specialized foods without phenylalanine (which is designed for phenylketonuria patients of various age groups) showed high clinical efficiency of these foods.Специализированные продукты на основе аминокислот без фенилаланина — главный источник белка для больных фенилкетонурией всех возрастов. Благодаря развитию современных технологий созданы новые отечественные продукты с оптимизированным аминокислотным и микронутриентным составом, что повышает их биологическую ценность.Цель исследования: изучить клиническую эффективность новых отечественных специализированных продуктов питания на основе аминокислот без фенилаланина у больных фенилкетонурией.Методы: оценка физического, соматического и нервно-психического развития, а также определение уровня фенилаланина в крови проводились дважды: до назначения и через 1 мес применения новых отечественных специализированных продуктов. Химический состав рациона определяли с помощью диетологических методов.Результаты: в исследовании участвовали 57 детей в возрасте от 14 дней жизни до 15 лет с фенилкетонурией, выявленной в ходе неонатального скрининга. Гипофенилаланиновая диета была назначена всем детям не позднее 3-го мес жизни. У детей первого года жизни (I группа), среди которых были младенцы с высоким уровнем фенилаланина в крови, на фоне использования отечественных специализированных продуктов концентрация ароматической аминокислоты снизилась с 5,5 (4,0; 21,0) до 4,4 (3,7; 4,7) мг/дл (р = 0,014), в этой группе детей также улучшились показатели психомоторного и физического развития. У пациентов раннего, дошкольного и школьного возраста содержание фенилаланина в крови оставалось стабильным. Химический состав рациона с использованием отечественных продуктов на основе аминокислот без фенилаланина соответствовал рекомендуемым нормам потребления основных пищевых веществ и энергии.Заключение: гипофенилаланиновая диета с применением новых отечественных специализированных продуктов без фенилаланина, предназначенных для больных фенилкетонурией различных возрастных групп, показала их высокую клиническую эффективность