Hubungan antara Kecerdasan Emosional dengan Resiliensi pada Para Suster Yunior di Kota YOGYAKARTA

This study is a correlation research that is intended to determine whether there is a correlation between emotional intelligence and resilience of the junior nuns. The method used is the Pearson Product-moment method of correlation studies. The sample was 85 nuns who live in the city of Yogyakarta. This study used two scales as a measurement tool, namely the scale of emotional intelligence and resilience were prepared by the researcher in the form of Likert Scale. Number of all items is 55 items consisted of 38 items from resilience and 17 items emotional intelligence. The scale emotional intelligence has a reliability of 0.790 resilience andscale of resilience has reliability of 0.899.The results were analyzed using SPSS for windows version 16 release. The results indicate a positive and significant relationship between emotional intelligence and resilience, with a coefficients correlation of 0.870 and significance level, 0.00 (p<0.05). With this it can be said that the hypothesis that there is a positive relationship between emotional intelligence and resilience acceptable. Effective contribution to the study of 75.7%, amounting to 75.7% meaning that resilience is determined by emotional intelligence. Higher emotional intelligence also increasingly steeper resilience

Polycentric governance and the impact of special districts on fiscal common pools

Local government services are increasingly being provided in fragmented polycentric systems where the overlapping jurisdictions draw resources from the same fiscal base. Developing optimal policies for the efficient management of fiscal resources requires a consideration of the total underlying fiscal pool. In this study, we evaluate the impact that special purpose districts have on debt ratios at the county “common pool” level in the State of Georgia (U.S.) between 2005-2014. Empirical findings suggest that inclusion of all general government and special purpose debt for each county may at times result in a greater burden on fiscal common pool than existing rules permit. These results call into question the efficacy of fiscal policies in a polycentric governance system that neglect to account for debt levels for all actors within the confines of a single fiscal common pool unit. Results also show that total debt ratios are significantly affected by special districts that operate within boundaries of a single county. We find no evidence that independent special districts have a differential impact on fiscal common pools compared to their dependent counterparts

Biological evaluation of crude and degummed oil from Moringa oleifera seeds.

The aim of this work was to evaluate the oil extracted from Moringa oleifera (fam. Moringaceae) seeds from the nutritional standpoint. Nutritional evaluation of crude or degummed moringa oil or soybean oil (as a control) involved the determination of the Food Efficiency (FE) in male Fisher rats and the fatty acid composition of the moringa oil. Hepatic and renal functions were assessed by measuring serum transaminases activity and urea and creatinine concentrations, respectively. Serum cholesterol and triglycerides, alkaline phosphatase, total proteins and albumine were also measured. Results showed that FE was slightly increased by the crude moringa oil while no differences were found between the soybean and degummed moringa oil regarding this parameter. Renal or hepatic injures as well as major alterations in serum proteins were not induced by the tested oils. These results suggested that degummed M. oleifera oil possessed adequate biological quality as compared to the crude oil

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background: There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low-and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods: Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results: Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion: For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially

공직자 부패가 지방정부의 채권 가격에 미치는 영향

This paper demonstrates that capital markets take surrounding environments in the states into consideration when determining prices on local debt, above and beyond the underlying features of municipal bonds. We empirically show that corruption premium exists in the US municipal bond market. Local governments in more corrupt states pay higher costs for long-term borrowing in the market. Moreover, fiscal institutions that are traditionally thought to bring fiscal discipline to local governments become ineffective in the states with relatively higher levels of public sector corruption. 본 논문은 지방정부가 발행하는 채권의 가격 변동에 영향을 미치는 요인들에 관해 연구하였다. 특별히 미국 지방정부채권의 가격에 대한 주정부의 다양한 영향력과 공직자의 부패의 악영향에 대해 고찰한다. 장기 채권시장에서 지방정부채권의 가격을 결정할 때, 채권가격투자자들은 지방채권 자체의 특성뿐만 아니라, 해당 주정부의 경제적ㆍ정치적 요인을 반영하는 것으로 분석되었다. 무엇보다 부패가 심한 정부에서 발행되는 지방채권들일수록 높은 이자가격을 부담하고 있음이 발견되었다. 이는 지방채권의 이자가격 산정에 있어서 “부패프리미엄”이 존재함을 의미한다.2

Public Corruption and Pension Underfunding in the American States

Unfunded public pension obligations represent a great challenge for policy makers in the American states. We posit that a part of pension underfunding relates to the level of public corruption. Empirical findings in the article show that funding ratios in public pension funds are inversely related to the incidence levels of corruption in the state, with other fiscal, political, and institutional covariates held constant. We show that this can happen through higher pension benefits, lower actuarially required contributions (ARCs), lower percentage of actual ARC contributions, and poorer investment outcomes. Based on empirical estimates, we find that a reduction of corruption by one standard deviation around the mean would permit the states to save on pension benefits by 10.24% annually (or US$1,894.64 per recipient), increase required ARC by 4.40%, increase actual ARC contributions by 8.46%, and improve investment returns by 4.72%. Therefore, policies to reduce public-sector corruption, or to improve the insulation of pension funds in relatively more corrupt environments, can make a significant contribution toward tackling the public pension underfunding crisis in the American states.1

Special Issue Introduction: experiments in public administration research in the Asia-Pacific region

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Public Corruption in the U.S. States and Its Impact on Public Debt Pricing

This study evaluates the levels of public corruption in the American states and their impact on the prices of public debt sold by underwriting banks to retail investors. Results suggest that the markups paid by retail investors to underwriters decrease significantly with the incidence of public corruption. The relationship remains significant even when existing anti‐corruption enforcement efforts are taken into consideration. Extant literature shows that the issuers of public debt from relatively more corrupt jurisdictions receive lower prices from underwriting banks in wholesale transactions. We develop and empirically show the mechanism through which this can occur. We offer the first evidence that the public debt market exerts disciplining pressures on the American states with greater levels of public corruption. When purchasing state‐issued public debt, retail buyers appear to demand narrower markups by factoring in public corruption. This, we argue, is an important reason why underwriting banks offer lower prices when dealing with less disciplined fiscal sovereigns.1

Corruption and State and Local Government Debt Expansion

Theories describing rent seeking in the public sector posit a number of negative fiscal outcomes that the choices of corrupt officials may generate. The evidence presented in this article shows that states with greater intensities of public corruption have higher aggregate levels of state and local debt. If corruption in the 10 most corrupt states were only at an average level, their public debt would be 9 percent lower, or about $249.35 per capita, all else being equal. Notably, institutional control measures may not have succeeded in restraining the expansion of state and local public debt in the presence of greater levels of corruption. State and local governments would achieve more efficient levels of fiscal discipline by curbing public sector corruption.1