Dinamikus Mutatók Alkalmazási Lehetőségei A Területi Fejlettség Mérésében | Applications od dynamic spatial development indicators

Az eltérő fejlettségi szintű térségek gazdasági helyzete változott az elmúlt években, amely változások a felzárkózáshoz, illetve lemaradáshoz vezethettek, a háttérben álló különböző társadalmi-gazdasági okok miatt. A jelen kutatásban alapozó munkának tekintjük a hazai statisztikai hivatal térségi fejlettségi elemzéseit, valamint eddigi, a települések fejlettségét boncolgató munkáinkat egy olyan módszertani megközelítés kidolgozásához, amely ellentétben a fejlettséget statikus adatok alapján meghatározó módszerekkel, dinamikus, a fejlődés potenciálját magában foglaló komplex mérőszámot eredményez. Az eredményektől azt várjuk, hogy hangsúlyosabban jelenítik meg, illetve érzékelhetőbbé teszik a fejlettségi színvonal és a fejlődési potenciál viszonylatában a térségek közötti különbségeket. A kutatás a magyarországi nagyrégiókra, illetve az azokat alkotó megyékre vonatkozó, a KSH adatbázisában meglévő idősoros területi adatok elemzésére épül. | The economic situation of settlements with different development status changed in the last years, which led to changes in the settlement development rank due to various social-economic reasons. The recent research is based partly on regional development analyses of the Hungarian Statistical Office and our earlier studies on the settlements’ development status. The objective of the research primarily is to develop a methodological approach for a dynamic complex indicator, which oppositely to static indicators shows also the potential of the settlements for development. The key point of the research from methodological aspect is to transform the rate of changes into a calculable and suitable form in order to incorporate it in one complex indicator that shows the development status. The results are expected to indicate whether settlements with low development (‘static’) level have any potential for development or not. Based on further results of the research, our aim is to define groups of settlements that have strength either from social or economic aspect

Thermal and catalytic decomposition studies of microalgal residue using pyrolysis-GC/MS and TG/MS

The marine algal biomass is one of the most promising candidates for the raw material of sustainable biofuel production. Biofuels of different phases can be converted by bio- or thermochemical methods. In this study thermogravimetry/mass spectrometry (TG/MS) and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) were used to analyze the main decomposition products of the deoiled algal cake (DAC). Two mesoporous silica catalysts (SBA-15 and FSM-16) were applied to modify the composition of the evolving gas phase products. The yield of the evolving volatile gas products was enhanced by the use of the SBA-15. This catalyst promoted the decomposition of the inorganic carbonates into carbon dioxide. The formation of hydrocarbons during the fast pyrolysis simple alcohol molecules were formed from the deoiled algal residue. The yields of the anhydro-sugar derivatives were strongly affected by the presence of both catalysts. The intensity of the aromatic and aliphatic decomposition products were influenced by the catalytic decomposition procedure

Conformal stereotactic radiosurgery treatment: plan evaluation methods and results

The purpose of our study was the objective evaluation of micro-multileaf collimator (mMLC)-based stereotactic radiosurgery treatment plans. Forty-seven patients, 71 lesions received static beam conformal stereotactic radiosurgery treatment in our institute between November 2005 and June 2008. Target volume and organs at risk were outlined on a MRI-CT image fusion basis. BrainSCAN 5.31 system (BrainLAB AG, Heimstetten, Germany) was used for treatment planning, Elekta Presice TS linear accelerator (Elekta Oncology Systems Ltd, Crawley, UK) and BrainLAB m3 mMLC were used for treatment delivery. An invasive head frame, mounted to the treatment table, was used with four screws for patient head fixation. Treatment plans were analysed with objective parameters, such as conformal index (COIN), homogeneity index (HI), coverage index (CI) and healthy tissue relative overdose factor (HTOF) tools. x2 tests were performed between COIN, HI and the geometrical parameters of the target volume (lesion volume - LV, lesion-organ distance - LOD, lesion deformity index - LDI). Mean value of COIN, HI, HTOF and CI was 0.52 (SD 0.13), 1.16 (SD 0.1), 0.88 (SD 0.53), and 0.94 (SD 0.11), respectively. COIN significantly correlated with (p<0.001 in all three cases), while HI was independent of LV, LOD, LDI (p=0.94; 0.14 and 0.72). COIN is similar, HTOF is less than data from the literature. According to our results geometrical parameters of the target volume (size, location, deformation) significantly influence the COIN, but they have no effect on HI

Stigmatic attitudes towards mentally ill patients in Hungary between 2001 and 2015: results of a time-trend analysis

Background: Stigmatic attitudes towards people with the diagnosis of mental illness are widespread in the general public [1] and are the major obstacle for successful treatment, rehabilitation and reintegration of patients into the society [2]. Given the magnitude of this issue, and in the effort to develop effective anti stigma intervention programs, trend analysis studies were conducted, examining the changes in attitudes over the years [3]. The construct of social distance, which involves the desire to avoid contact with a particular group of people was commonly used to assess stigma. These studies have consistently reported that despite the improvement in mental health literacy of the public, social distance preferences concerning mentally ill patients have not changed over the last 20 years, and in some cases have even increased [3]. However, the number of studies using trend analysis is scarce and mainly limited to wealthier countries because such studies are both costly and time intensive. Consequently, most studies to date have been carried out in North Western Europe whereas data from Central and Eastern European countries, especially from former communist countries, is lacking [4,5]. Objective: In the face of underfinanced mental health system and the lack of any national anti-stigma programs or research, the aim of this study is to shed light into mental illness stigma in Hungary. More specifically, this study aimed to explore for the first time, potential changes concerning attitudes of the Hungarian population towards mentally ill patients. Method: National representative surveys (N=7605) of adults aged 18-53 years were carried out in Hungary in 2001, 2003, 2007 and 2015. An interview was conducted, asking for socio-demographic information and participants' desire for social distance from mentally ill patients, measured by Bogardus social distance scale. In order to put into context the stigmatic attitudes towards mentally ill patients, participants were also asked to report on their social distance preferences towards other minorities in the Hungarian society. Trend analysis was performed to examine the trends of social distance. Results: Time-trend analysis indicated a significant (positive) trend in public preferences for social distance towards more accepting attitudes during the years of 2001-2015. However, closer examination reveals that the effect size is very small (0.05) and the 2015 rejection level is still high (57%) compared to over 60% in both 2001 and 2003. Moreover, during a period of 15 years, mentally ill patients are among the three most rejected groups in the society (with only alcoholics and drug users being more rejected). Conclusions: As was found in other countries around the world, in Hungary as well, stigmatic attitudes towards mentally ill patients are highly prevalent, and have not changed over the last decade. While stressing a worrisome reality in Hungary, where no efforts to tackle mental illness stigma were done, this study also verifies the enormity of the stigma phenomenon. It is evident, maybe more than anything, that much effort is needed in Hungary, but also worldwide, in order to understand and defeat mental illness stigma

The incredible complexity of RNA splicing

Alternative splice isoforms are common and important and have been shown to impact many human diseases. A new study by Nellore et al. offers a comprehensive study of splice junctions in humans by re-analyzing over 21,500 public human RNA sequencing datasets

A Survey on the Krein-von Neumann Extension, the corresponding Abstract Buckling Problem, and Weyl-Type Spectral Asymptotics for Perturbed Krein Laplacians in Nonsmooth Domains

In the first (and abstract) part of this survey we prove the unitary equivalence of the inverse of the Krein--von Neumann extension (on the orthogonal complement of its kernel) of a densely defined, closed, strictly positive operator, $S\geq \varepsilon I_{\mathcal{H}}$ for some $\varepsilon >0$ in a Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}$ to an abstract buckling problem operator. This establishes the Krein extension as a natural object in elasticity theory (in analogy to the Friedrichs extension, which found natural applications in quantum mechanics, elasticity, etc.). In the second, and principal part of this survey, we study spectral properties for $H_{K,\Omega}$, the Krein--von Neumann extension of the perturbed Laplacian $-\Delta+V$ (in short, the perturbed Krein Laplacian) defined on $C^\infty_0(\Omega)$, where $V$ is measurable, bounded and nonnegative, in a bounded open set $\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^n$ belonging to a class of nonsmooth domains which contains all convex domains, along with all domains of class $C^{1,r}$, $r>1/2$.Comment: 68 pages. arXiv admin note: extreme text overlap with arXiv:0907.144

Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) Activity Dependent Phospho-Protein Expression in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)

Modern treatment strategies have improved the prognosis of childhood ALL; however, treatment still fails in 25–30% of patients. Further improvement of treatment may depend on the development of targeted therapies. mTOR kinase, a central mediator of several signaling pathways, has recently attracted remarkable attention as a potential target in pediatric ALL. However, limited data exists about the activity of mTOR. In the present study, the amount of mTOR activity dependent phospho-proteins was characterized by ELISA in human leukemia cell lines and in lymphoblasts from childhood ALL patients (n = 49). Expression was measured before and during chemotherapy and at relapses. Leukemia cell lines exhibited increased mTOR activity, indicated by phospho-S6 ribosomal protein (p-S6) and phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein (p-4EBP1). Elevated p-4EBP1 protein levels were detected in ALL samples at diagnosis; efficacy of chemotherapy was followed by the decrease of mTOR activity dependent protein phosphorylation. Optical density (OD) for p-4EBP1 (ELISA) was significantly higher in patients with poor prognosis at diagnosis, and in the samples of relapsed patients. Our results suggest that measuring mTOR activity related phospho-proteins such as p-4EBP1 by ELISA may help to identify patients with poor prognosis before treatment, and to detect early relapses. Determining mTOR activity in leukemic cells may also be a useful tool for selecting patients who may benefit from future mTOR inhibitor treatments