EFFECT OF ORAL AZITHROMYCIN AND METRONIDAZOLE AS AN ADJUNCT TO SCALING AND ROOT PLANING ON GLYCEMIC CONTROL IN TYPE II DIABETIC PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS

ABSTRACTObjective: Periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by destruction of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone is the sixthcomplication of diabetes mellitus. Periodontal treatment that reduces gingival inflammation aids in the control of hyperglycemia. Therefore, thepresent study was designed to determine the effect of treating chronic periodontitis with oral antibiotics azithromycin and metronidazole on the levelof serum glycated hemoglobin in type-II diabetic patients.Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out in the dental department of a tertiary care hospital for 9 months. Clinical andbiochemistry reports of 90 patients were collected in designed case report forms. All statistical analyses were performed using IBM Statistical Packagefor Social Sciences 17 and Graph Pad Prism 7.0.Results: Significant reduction in all the clinical and dental parameters was comparatively higher in patients who received azithromycin than inpatients who received metronidazole and scaling and root planning alone.Conclusion: Periodontal therapy with oral azithromycin can be employed as a supportive strategy for the management of diabetes mellitus.Henceforth, prevention and control of periodontal disease along with antibiotics must be considered an integral part of glycemic control. However,due to the lesser sample size in this study, further investigations are required to confirm the effect of periodontal therapy on systemic diseases.Keywords: Periodontitis, Azithromycin, Metronidazole, Glycemic control, Diabetes mellitus

Candidate Proteins, Metabolites and Transcripts in the Biomarkers for Spinal Muscular Atrophy (BforSMA) Clinical Study

Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is a neurodegenerative motor neuron disorder resulting from a homozygous mutation of the survival of motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene. The gene product, SMN protein, functions in RNA biosynthesis in all tissues. In humans, a nearly identical gene, SMN2, rescues an otherwise lethal phenotype by producing a small amount of full-length SMN protein. SMN2 copy number inversely correlates with disease severity. Identifying other novel biomarkers could inform clinical trial design and identify novel therapeutic targets.To identify novel candidate biomarkers associated with disease severity in SMA using unbiased proteomic, metabolomic and transcriptomic approaches.A cross-sectional single evaluation was performed in 108 children with genetically confirmed SMA, aged 2-12 years, manifesting a broad range of disease severity and selected to distinguish factors associated with SMA type and present functional ability independent of age. Blood and urine specimens from these and 22 age-matched healthy controls were interrogated using proteomic, metabolomic and transcriptomic discovery platforms. Analyte associations were evaluated against a primary measure of disease severity, the Modified Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale (MHFMS) and to a number of secondary clinical measures.A total of 200 candidate biomarkers correlate with MHFMS scores: 97 plasma proteins, 59 plasma metabolites (9 amino acids, 10 free fatty acids, 12 lipids and 28 GC/MS metabolites) and 44 urine metabolites. No transcripts correlated with MHFMS.In this cross-sectional study, "BforSMA" (Biomarkers for SMA), candidate protein and metabolite markers were identified. No transcript biomarker candidates were identified. Additional mining of this rich dataset may yield important insights into relevant SMA-related pathophysiology and biological network associations. Additional prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings, demonstrate sensitivity to change with disease progression, and assess potential impact on clinical trial design.Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00756821

Phosphatase and tensin homologue: a therapeutic target for SMA

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is one of the most common juvenile neurodegenerative diseases, which can be associated with child mortality. SMA is caused by a mutation of ubiquitously expressed gene, Survival Motor Neuron1 (SMN1), leading to reduced SMN protein and the motor neuron death. The disease is incurable and the only therapeutic strategy to follow is to improve the expression of SMN protein levels in motor neurons. Significant numbers of motor neurons in SMA mice and SMA cultures are caspase positive with condensed nuclei, suggesting that these cells are prone to a process of cell death called apoptosis. Searching for other potential molecules or signaling pathways that are neuroprotective for central nervous system (CNS) insults is essential for widening the scope of developmental medicine. PTEN, a Phosphatase and Tensin homologue, is a tumor suppressor, which is widely expressed in CNS. PTEN depletion activates anti-apoptotic factors and it is evident that the pathway plays an important protective role in many neurodegenerative disorders. It functions as a negative regulator of PIP3/AKT pathway and thereby modulates its downstream cellular functions through lipid phosphatase activity. Moreover, previous reports from our group demonstrated that, PTEN depletion using viral vector delivery system in SMN delta7 mice reduces disease pathology, with significant rescue on survival rate and the body weight of the SMA mice. Thus knockdown/depletion/mutation of PTEN and manipulation of PTEN medicated Akt/PKB signaling pathway may represent an important therapeutic strategy to promote motor neuron survival in SMA

Synthesis, characterization, In-Silico studies, and anti-inflammatory activity of Novel Imidazole-5(4H)-Ones

Several new imidazole-5(4H)-one analog was synthesized using multi-step synthesis. All the synthesized compounds were characterized using FT-IR, 1H-NMR, Mass spectroscopy, and microanalysis to confirm their chemical structure. Molecular properties of the title compounds were predicted using Molinspiration online tool and binding studies of the title analogs against COX-1 & COX-2 were predicted by the molecular docking method. All novel imidazole-5(4H)-one analog were tested for their in-vivo anti-inflammatory activity using carrageenan-induced paw edema test in Wistar rats. Varying degree (weak to excellent) of anti-inflammatory activity was displayed by title compounds. In addition, in vitro anticancer potency of test compounds was estimated by the MTT assay method and found that most of the tested analogs were found to be inactive at 10 µM concentration against the tested cell lines. Among twelve tested title compounds, 2-methyl-1-(4-methyl piperazine-1-yl)-4-(naphthalen-1-ylmethylene)-1H-imidazol-5(4H)-one AL01, and 4-benzylidene-2-methyl-1-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1H-imidazol-5(4H)-one AL02 displayed more potent anti-inflammatory activity which is slightly higher than reference diclofenac

Assessment of Knowledge Attitude Practice Towards Ovarian Cancer Among Women: A Questionnaire Based Cross Sectional Study

Background: Ovarian cancer is the 3th most common cancer among women in India and has a high death rate than any other gynecological cancer due to late diagnosis of disease. Knowledge regarding disease and early screening is effective for prevention. Aim: This study is designed to assessed the knowledge, attitude and practice towards ovarian cancer among general women. Methods: A questionnaire based Cross sectional study was conducted among 517 women. Information on their KAP towards ovarian cancer was collected using a pre-validated questionnaire. Result: Mean age of the participants was 35.5 + 9.3 years. Although 48.3% of participants reported to have heard of ovarian cancer. 59.6% of the participants did not have adequate knowledge regarding ovarian cancer. Almost 55.5% of the participants have negative attitude towards ovarian cancer. The knowledge score were significantly associated with age, marital status, occupation, education status, marital status. Conclusion: knowledge, attitude and practice related to ovarian cancer were low among the surveyed women. Health education should be implemented to improve level of knowledge among women

Assessment of knowledge attitude practice towards ovarian cancer among women: A questionnaire based cross sectional study

Background: Ovarian cancer is the 3th most common cancer among women in India and has a high death rate than any other gynecological cancer due to late diagnosis of disease. Knowledge regarding disease and early screening is effective for prevention. Aim: This study is designed to assessed the knowledge, attitude and practice towards ovarian cancer among general women. Methods: A questionnaire based Cross sectional study was conducted among 517 women. Information on their KAP towards ovarian cancer was collected using a pre-validated questionnaire. Result: Mean age of the participants was 35.5 + 9.3 years. Although 48.3% of participants reported to have heard of ovarian cancer. 59.6% of the participants did not have adequate knowledge regarding ovarian cancer. Almost 55.5% of the participants have negative attitude towards ovarian cancer. The knowledge score were significantly associated with age, marital status, occupation, education status, marital status. Conclusion: knowledge, attitude and practice related to ovarian cancer were low among the surveyed women. Health education should be implemented to improve level of knowledge among women

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACY & LIFE SCIENCES Protective effect of Syzygium cumini seeds against doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity in rats

Abstract Syzygium cumini Linn. seeds possessing potent antioxidant and cardioprotective properties were evaluated against Doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Intra peritoneal injection of DOX(1.5 mg / kg/bw) administered once a day for 15 days, was revealed by elevated serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT), HDL-cholesterol and changed LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides in comparison to control and associated with increase in the levels of myocardial malondialdehyde (MDA) with simultaneously decrease in the levels of glutathione (GSH), glutathione-s-transferase(GST),glutathione reductase(GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx),catalase(CAT) and super oxide dismutase (SOD). Daily oral administration of aqueous suspension of Syzygium cumini seeds extract (in the dose of 100 mg/kg/b.w. for 15 days) produced normalization in the serum levels of heart marker enzymes. Syzygium cumini seeds were found to be more effective in restoring lipid profile changes in rats and antioxidant enzyme activities in heart tissue. So the study shows that Syzygium cumini seeds possess antioxidant and cardioprotective effects

Immune Augmentation of Single Contact Hepatitis B Vaccine by Using PLGA Microspheres as an Adjuvant

The present study was aimed to replace the alum type adjuvant for hepatitis B vaccine. The hepatitis B vaccine was encapsulated in poly (DL-lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres by solvent evaporation technique. The formulated microspheres were characterized in terms of morphology, particle size analysis, in vitro release study and in vivo immune response in male Wistar rats. The FT IR spectrum illustrates the characteristics bands of poly (DL-lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres and hepatitis B vaccine at 1750 cm-1 and 1650 cm-1, respectively. The hepatitis B vaccine loaded poly (DL-lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres were able to release antigens till day 42. Significant enhancement of specific antibodies to HBsAg was produced till day 90 after a single administration of HBsAg encapsulated poly (DL-lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres. However, the conventional alum adsorbed hepatitis B vaccine was not found to produce any significant specific antibody levels till day 90 after a single dose. The results showed that poly (DL-lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres show potential as an adjuvant for hepatitis B vaccine