891 research outputs found
Exclusion of Wormhole and Blackhole Attacks in Manets using Fuzzy Lamport Timestamp Algorithm
Security for any network is a primary concern as it is necessary to safeguard the resources that are being shared. A mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) enables the mobile devices to form a temporary network without any centralized infrastructure. MANET is vulnerable to several attacks, e.g. wormhole and blackhole attacks. Since there is increase in use of wireless communication, minimizing the intruders in wireless networks has been a high priority task. These attacks affect directly the performance of network. Eliminating such attacks in MANET is a challenging task. In this paper, a novel method that excludes the packets of wormhole and blackhole attacks in a MANET using fuzzy Lamport timestamp algorithm (FLTA) is proposed. The proposed FLTA is used to identify the order of event and to make synchronization of time clock in network device. The Lamport timestamp algorithm incorporates a fuzzy inference system to improve the performance of network. The simulated results of the proposed algorithm are compared with that of LTAWB [13] and SMTWB [12] for wormhole and blackhole attacks. It is observed that the proposed FLTA shows better performance as compared to LTAWB and SMTWB protocols in terms of throughput, end-to-end delay and packet delivery ratio
Isolation of genomic DNA from acetone-dried Aspergillus mycelia
A simple acetone-drying protocol was adopted to replace the lyophilization step while isolating genomic DNA from Aspergillus mycelia. This DNA is suitable for PCR, restriction enzyme digestion and Southern blot analysis with digoxigenin-labeled DNA probes. Acetone drying/ preservation can be a useful method in the molecular analysis of fungal DNA samples
BL Lac X-ray Spectra: simpler than we thought
We report results from {\it XMM-Newton} observations of thirteen X-ray bright
BL Lacertae objects, selected from the {\it Einstein} Slew Survey sample. The
spectra are generally well fit by power-law models, with four objects having
hard () spectra that indicates
synchrotron peaks at keV. None of our spectra show line features,
indicating that soft X-ray absorption ``notches'' must be rare amongst BL Lacs,
rather than common or ubiquitous as had previously been asserted. We find
significant curvature in most of the spectra. This curvature is almost
certainly intrinsic, as it appears nearly constant from 0.5 to 6 keV, an
observation which is inconsistent with the small columns seen in these sources.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure; to be published in proceedings of the Cozumel
meeting on "Multiwavelength Surveys for AGN", Cozumel 200
The Phase Structure of an SU(N) Gauge Theory with N_f Flavors
We investigate the chiral phase transition in SU(N) gauge theories as the
number of quark flavors, , is varied. We argue that the transition takes
place at a large enough value of so that it is governed by the infrared
fixed point of the function. We study the nature of the phase
transition analytically and numerically, and discuss the spectrum of the theory
as the critical value of is approached in both the symmetric and broken
phases. Since the transition is governed by a conformal fixed point, there are
no light excitations on the symmetric side. We extend previous work to include
higher order effects by developing a renormalization group estimate of the
critical coupling.Comment: 34 pages, 1 figure. More references adde
Correlation studies for yield attributing traits in pigeonpea [cajanus cajan (l.) Millsp.]
The present investigation was undertaken with the objective to study correlation between various yield and yield attributing traits among the
188 RIL population developed from the cross between ICPL 20097 and ICP 8863 (maruti). Field experiments to study 14 important agronomic
traits were carried out at two locations ARS, Tandur and College farm, PJTSAU during Kharif 2012 and 2013 at Tandur and Kharif 2013 at
PJTSAU, respectively. Pooled analysis of data from all the locations showed a total of 91 pair wise combinations among the fourteen traits
studied, of which 31 combinations were found to be significantly correlated. Yield per plant showed positive significant correlation with pods
per plant at across the environments and within all the individual environment and positive correlation with pod weight, plant height and
secondary branches at across the environments. Thus, improvement of yield per plant can be achieved by direct selection through these
significantly positively associated characters
Maize : potential crop for provitamin A biofortification
Cereals are the only source of nutrition for one-third of the worldâs population especially in developing and underdeveloped nations of Sub-Saharan Africa and South-east Asia. Among the cereals, only the yellow maize exhibits tremendous natural variation for provitamin A carotenoids to exploit through plant breeding and being a carotenogenic plant, it is considered as one of the model cereal crops, showing promise for provitamin A biofortification. This paper deals with the maize carotenid biosynthetic pathway, genetic variability for kernel carotenoids, native genetic system for kernel carotenoids, marker assisted backcross breeding for enhancing provitamin A, recent advances in provitamin A biofortification and quantification of provitamin A carotenoids
Study of Sterility Mosaic Disease Resistance on Immortal Population in Pigeonpea
The cultivated pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) is one of the most important source of protein
for worlds marginal and vegetarian population. Sterility mosaic disease (SMD) also known
as âgreen plague of pigeonpeaâ is one of the severe threats in pigeon pea production
causing severe yield loss. Keeping this in view, identification of SMD resistant cultivars
with better understanding of inheritance of disease were key consideration for the present
study. RILs were screened for SMD resistance with leaf stapling technique at Green house,
IBT, PJTSAU during Kharif 2012 and 2013. RILs showed digenic ratio (9S:7R) for SMD
resistance, indicating complementary gene action which showed dominance of
susceptibility over resistant and based on the per cent disease incidence, the RILs could be
broadly classified as resistant (PDI 20%).The SMD
incidence among the 188 RILs ranged from 0 to 100% whereas, the susceptible parent
(ICP 8863) showed mean value of 79.17% and resistant parent (ICPL 20097) showed it as
0%. Out of total 188 RILs screened, 90 RILs showed resistant reaction to SMD infection
while 98 RILs were susceptible. 33 RILs were identified as resistant lines which
consistently showed 0% PDI during screening for both the years
The Ionized Gas and Nuclear Environment in NGC 3783. I. Time-Averaged 900 ks Chandra Grating Spectroscopy
We present results from a 900 ks exposure of NGC 3783 with the High-Energy
Transmission Grating Spectrometer on board the Chandra X-ray Observatory. The
resulting X-ray spectrum has the best combination of signal-to-noise and
resolution ever obtained for an AGN. This spectrum reveals absorption lines
from H-like and He-like ions of N, O, Ne, Mg, Al, Si, and S. There are also
possible absorption lines from H-like and He-like Ar and Ca. We also identify
inner-shell absorption from lower-ionization ions such as Si_VII-Si_XII and
S_XII-S_XIV. The iron absorption spectrum is very rich; L-shell lines of
Fe_XVII-Fe_XXIV are detected, strong complex of M-shell lines, and probable
resonance lines from Fe_XXV. The absorption lines are blueshifted relative to
the systemic velocity by a mean velocity of -590+-150 km/s. We resolve many of
the absorption lines, and their mean FWHM is 820+-280 km/s. We do not find
correlations between the velocity shifts or the FWHMs with the ionization
potentials of the ions. Most absorption lines show asymmetry, having more
extended blue wings than red wings. In O_VII we have resolved this asymmetry to
be from an additional absorption system at ~ -1300 km/s. The two X-ray
absorption systems are consistent in velocity shift and FWHM with the ones
identified in the UV lines of C IV, N V, and H I. Equivalent width measurements
for all lines are given and column densities are calculated for several ions.
We resolve the narrow Fe_K\alpha line at 6398.2+-3.3 eV to have a FWHM of
1720+-360 km/s, which suggests that this narrow line may be emitted from the
outer part of the broad line region or the inner part of the torus. We also
detect a `Compton shoulder' redward of the narrow Fe_K\alpha line which
indicates that it arises in cold, Compton-thick gas.Comment: 19 pages, 12 figures (2 in color), emulateapj5, accepted for
publication in The Astrophysical Journal Supplement
In Silico identification of candidate genes involved for grain Fe and Zn concentration in sorghum using reported cereals gene homologs
Sorghum is one of the top 10 crops that feed the world. It is a good source of energy, protein, carbohydrate, vitamins and minerals including the trace elements. It is one of the cheapest and sustainable options to combat the micronutrient malnutrition, particularly Fe and Zn in predominantly sorghum eating populations. Identification of genes governing grain Fe and Zn concentration in sorghum is of interest. Earlier studies on other cereals showed role of number of genes for grain Fe and Zn homeostasis and uptake, transport and loading, but so far no reports available on genomic regions/ QTLs and candidate genes governing sorghum grain Fe and Zn content in sorghum
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Stealth Effect of Short Polyoxazolines in Graft Copolymers: Minor Changes of Backbone End Group Determine Liver Cell-Type Specificity
Dye-loaded micelles of 10 nm diameter formed from amphiphilic graft copolymers composed of a hydrophobic poly(methyl methacrylate) backbone and hydrophilic poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) side chains with a degree of polymerization of 15 were investigated concerning their cellular interaction and uptake in vitro as well as their interaction with local and circulating cells of the reticuloendothelial system in the liver by intravital microscopy. Despite the high molar mass of the individual macromolecules (Mn â 20 kg mol-1), backbone end group modification by attachment of a hydrophilic anionic fluorescent probe strongly affected the in vivo performance. To understand these effects, the end group was additionally modified by the attachment of four methacrylic acid repeating units. Although various micelles appeared similar in dynamic light scattering and cryo-transmission electron microscopy, changes in the micelles were evident from principal component analysis of the Raman spectra. Whereas an efficient stealth effect was found for micelles formed from polymers with anionically charged or thiol end groups, a hydrophobic end group altered the micelles' structure sufficiently to adapt cell-type specificity and stealth properties in the liver. © 2021 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society
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