149 research outputs found
The question of differential diagnosis of anemia in diabetes mellitus
BACKGROUND: High prevalence of anemia in diabetes mellitus (DM) determines the relevance of studying its pathogenetic aspects, the role of anemia in DM complications development and the issue of differential diagnosis between iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and anemia of chronic disease (ACD)).AIM: To establish the diagnostic value of classical parameters for diagnosing anemia in DM and propose an optimized algorithm for the differential diagnosis of ACD and IDA in DM type 1 and 2 using new markers.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The observational, single-centre, comparative, controlled, single-stage study. Patients underwent assessment of glycated hemoglobin, creatinine, microalbuminuria; indicators of iron metabolism β hematocrit, theΒ number of erythrocytes, reticulocytes, hemoglobin, serum iron, transferrin, ferritin, the level of soluble transferrin receptors (sTfR), sTfR/logFerpitin index, and inflammation markers β erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), leukocyte count, high sensitive CRP and TNF-Ξ±. ROC-analysis was used to assess the differential diagnosis markers informative content.RESULTS: We examined 135 patients: 51 with DM 1 and 84 with DM 2. The patients were stratified into groups based on anemia type: 1) ACD 2) IDA 3) latent iron deficiency 4) without ferrokinetics disorders. According to the ROC-analysis in DM patients, the following parameters had high information content in ACD. ESR β sensitivity 92%, specificity 85%, diagnostic threshold 26.5 mm/h (area under the curve (AUC) 0.943; p<0.0001); leukocyte count β sensitivity 69%, specificity 64%, diagnostic threshold 7.50x109/l (AUC 0.727; p=0.007), microalbuminuria β sensitivity 71%, specificity 72%, diagnostic threshold 29.5 mg/l (AUC 0.744; p=0.003). In DM sTfR and the sTfR /logFerritin index had high information content in IDA at diagnostic thresholds different from those for general population. The sensitivity of sTfR 71%, the specificity 71%, diagnostic threshold 1.42 ng/mL (2.9 ng/mL for general population) (AUC 0.765; p=0.024). The sensitivity of sTfR/logFerritin index 100%, the specificity 97%, diagnostic threshold 1.48 (2.0 for general population) (AUC 0.983; p=0.024).CONCLUSION: In differential diagnosis of IDA and ACD in DM, ESR, leukocyte count, microalbuminuria, sTfR and sTfR/logFerritin index have a high diagnostic value. This allows proposing them as additional markers for differential diagnosis of anemia in DM
Optically induced forces and torques:Interactions between nanoparticles in a laser beam
Distinctive optical forces and torques arise between nanoparticles irradiated by intense laser radiation. These forces, associated with a pairwise process of stimulated scattering, prove to enable the possibility of producing significant modifications to both the form and magnitude of interparticle forces, with additional contributions arising in the case of dipolar materials. Moreover, such forces have the capacity to generate unusual patterns of nanoscale response, entirely controlled by the input beam characteristics- principally the optical frequency, intensity, and polarization. Based on quantum electrodynamical theory, a general result is secured for the laser-induced force under arbitrary conditions, incorporating both static and dynamic coupling mechanisms. Specific features of the results are identified for pairs of particles with prolate cylindrical symmetry, e.g., carbon nanotubes, where it is shown that the laser-induced forces and torques are sensitive functions of the pair spacing and orientation, and the laser beam geometry; significantly, they can be either repulsive or attractive according to conditions. For nanoparticles trapped in a Laguerre-Gaussian laser beam the results also reveal additional and highly distinctive torques that suggest further possibilities for nanomanipulation with light. The paper concludes with a discussion on several potential applications of such forces. Β© 2005 The American Physical Society
Dynamics in nonlocal linear models in the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker metric
A general class of cosmological models driven by a nonlocal scalar field
inspired by the string field theory is studied. Using the fact that the
considering linear nonlocal model is equivalent to an infinite number of local
models we have found an exact special solution of the nonlocal Friedmann
equations. This solution describes a monotonically increasing Universe with the
phantom dark energy.Comment: 18 pages, 3 figures, a few misprints in Section 5 have been correcte
Dynamics with Infinitely Many Derivatives: The Initial Value Problem
Differential equations of infinite order are an increasingly important class
of equations in theoretical physics. Such equations are ubiquitous in string
field theory and have recently attracted considerable interest also from
cosmologists. Though these equations have been studied in the classical
mathematical literature, it appears that the physics community is largely
unaware of the relevant formalism. Of particular importance is the fate of the
initial value problem. Under what circumstances do infinite order differential
equations possess a well-defined initial value problem and how many initial
data are required? In this paper we study the initial value problem for
infinite order differential equations in the mathematical framework of the
formal operator calculus, with analytic initial data. This formalism allows us
to handle simultaneously a wide array of different nonlocal equations within a
single framework and also admits a transparent physical interpretation. We show
that differential equations of infinite order do not generically admit
infinitely many initial data. Rather, each pole of the propagator contributes
two initial data to the final solution. Though it is possible to find
differential equations of infinite order which admit well-defined initial value
problem with only two initial data, neither the dynamical equations of p-adic
string theory nor string field theory seem to belong to this class. However,
both theories can be rendered ghost-free by suitable definition of the action
of the formal pseudo-differential operator. This prescription restricts the
theory to frequencies within some contour in the complex plane and hence may be
thought of as a sort of ultra-violet cut-off.Comment: 40 pages, no figures. Added comments concerning fractional operators
and the implications of restricting the contour of integration. Typos
correcte
Non-local SFT Tachyon and Cosmology
Cosmological scenarios built upon the generalized non-local String Field
Theory and -adic tachyons are examined. A general kinetic operator involving
an infinite number of derivatives is studied as well as arbitrary parameter
. The late time dynamics of just the tachyon around the non-perturbative
vacuum is shown to leave the cosmology trivial. A late time behavior of the
tachyon and the scale factor of the FRW metric in the presence of the
cosmological constant or a perfect fluid with is constructed explicitly
and a possibility of non-vanishing oscillations of the total effective state
parameter around the phantom divide is proven.Comment: 17 pages, LaTeX; v2: JHEP3 class is used, references adde
Large Nongaussianity from Nonlocal Inflation
We study the possibility of obtaining large nongaussian signatures in the
Cosmic Microwave Background in a general class of single-field nonlocal
hill-top inflation models. We estimate the nonlinearity parameter f_{NL} which
characterizes nongaussianity in such models and show that large nongaussianity
is possible. For the recently proposed p-adic inflation model we find that
f_{NL} ~ 120 when the string coupling is order unity. We show that large
nongaussianity is also possible in a toy model with an action similar to those
which arise in string field theory.Comment: 27 pages, no figures. Added references and some clarifying remark
Bouncing and Accelerating Solutions in Nonlocal Stringy Models
A general class of cosmological models driven by a non-local scalar field
inspired by string field theories is studied. In particular cases the scalar
field is a string dilaton or a string tachyon. A distinguished feature of these
models is a crossing of the phantom divide. We reveal the nature of this
phenomena showing that it is caused by an equivalence of the initial non-local
model to a model with an infinite number of local fields some of which are
ghosts. Deformations of the model that admit exact solutions are constructed.
These deformations contain locking potentials that stabilize solutions.
Bouncing and accelerating solutions are presented.Comment: Minor corrections, references added, published in JHE
Π ΠΎΠ»Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π΅ Π°ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π±Π΅ΡΠ°, Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ
The review devotes to studying the role of cytokines in development of autoimmune diabetes mellitus, latent autoimmune diabetes in adults included. Therapeutic approaches to prevent the loss of endogenous insulin secretion are discussed. There is review of clinical trials of immunosuppressive agents and modulators of immune tolerance in autoimmune diabetes mellitus.Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π΅ Π°ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π±Π΅ΡΠ°, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π»Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π±Π΅Ρ Π²Π·ΡΠΎΡΠ»ΡΡ
. ΠΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π°. ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ² ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π°ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ (ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° 1Π)
Π Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π°Π½Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠ° Ρ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
The review is dedicated to the diagnostics of hypochromic microcytic anemia among pregnant women with carbohydrate metabolism disorders by means of existing laboratory algorithm of examination. We give some data on the anemic syndrome in women with diabetes mellitus type 1. These data demonstrate an equal occurrence of anemia of chronic disorder and iron-deficiency anemia in this group of patients. Special attention is paid to the role of hepcidin in iron metabolism as well as to the mechanisms of regulation of hepcidin production under normal and pathological conditions. The review cites researches, which demonstrate the effectiveness of hepcidin measurement for differential diagnostics of anemic syndrome. We also touch upon the problem concerning treatment of anemia of chronic disorder.Π ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ° Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
Π°Π½Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΉ Ρ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌΠ° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ Π°Π½Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠ° Ρ ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½ Ρ ΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π±Π΅ΡΠΎΠΌ 1-Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°. ΠΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Π³Π΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π° Π² ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π° ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π² Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ»ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³Π΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π° Π² Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π°Π½Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°. ΠΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π°Π½Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΈ Ρ
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Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ
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