5,136 research outputs found
Evaluating the Roles of Rainout and Post-Condensation Processes in a Landfalling Atmospheric River with Stable Isotopes in Precipitation and Water Vapor
Atmospheric rivers (ARs), and frontal systems more broadly, tend to exhibit prominent âVâ shapes in time series of stable isotopes in precipitation. Despite the magnitude and widespread nature of these âVâ shapes, debate persists as to whether these shifts are driven by changes in the degree of rainout, which we determine using the Rayleigh distillation of stable isotopes, or by post-condensation processes such as below-cloud evaporation and equilibrium isotope exchange between hydrometeors and surrounding vapor. Here, we present paired precipitation and water vapor isotope time series records from the 5â7 March 2016, AR in Bodega Bay, CA. The stable isotope composition of surface vapor along with independent meteorological constraints such as temperature and relative humidity reveal that rainout and post-condensation processes dominate during different portions of the event. We find that Rayleigh distillation controls during peak AR conditions (with peak rainout of 55%) while post-condensation processes have their greatest effect during periods of decreased precipitation on the margins of the event. These results and analyses inform critical questions regarding the temporal evolution of AR events and the physical processes that control them at local scales
Reasons for female neonaticide in India
Invited commentary on âNeonaticide in India and the stigma of female gender: report of two casesâ, Mishra et al
Photosensitivity reaction from operating room lights after oral administration of 5-aminolevulinic acid for fluorescence-guided resection of a malignant glioma
Orally administered 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), which was approved in the United States in 2017, is preferentially metabolized by malignant glioma cells into protoporphyrin IX and enhances tumor visualization when using a blue light filter on an operating microscope. Photosensitivity after 5-ALA administration is a known side effect, but a photosensitivity reaction from operating room lights has not yet been documented. We report the case of a 56-year-old man with a history of previous resection of a grade II astrocytoma who presented with imaging concerning for tumor recurrence and possible malignant transformation. Repeat surgical resection utilized 5-ALA. Soon after the surgery, he developed reddening of his skin, particularly over the right side of his head and neck, with blistering and peeling in a distribution that was particularly exposed to operating room lights during surgery. No other areas of his skin experienced the same redness, blistering, or peeling. Topical lotions were applied and the skin changes resolved spontaneously over weeks. Significant photosensitivity after administration of oral 5-ALA is a rare complication, but neurosurgeons who perform fluorescence-guided tumor resection should remain cognizant of its potential association with exposure to intense light, including in the operating room. Phototoxicity typically is self-limited, but awareness is important to minimize its occurrence
Determining the physical limits on semiâactive control performance: a tutorial
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/106822/1/stc1602.pd
Fluctuation and flow probes of early-time correlations in relativistic heavy ion collisions
Fluctuation and correlation observables are often measured using
multi-particle correlation methods and therefore mutually probe the origins of
genuine correlations present in multi-particle distribution functions. We
investigate the common influence of correlations arising from the spatially
inhomogeneous initial state on multiplicity and momentum fluctuations as well
as flow fluctuations. Although these observables reflect different aspects of
the initial state, taken together, they can constrain a correlation scale set
at the earliest moments of the collision. We calculate both the correlation
scale in an initial stage Glasma flux tube picture and the modification to
these correlations from later stage hydrodynamic flow and find quantitative
agreement with experimental measurements over a range of collision systems and
energies.Comment: Proceedings of the 28th Winter Workshop on Nuclear Dynamics, Dorado
del Mar, Puerto Rico, April 7-14, 201
Canonical Ensemble of Initial States Leading to Chiral Fluctuations
In energetic heavy ion collisions, if quark-gluon plasma is formed, its
hadronization may lead to observable critical fluctuations, i.e., DCC
formation. The strength and observability of these fluctuations depend on the
initial state. Here we study the canonical ensemble of initial states of chiral
fluctuations in heavy ion collisions and the probability to obtain observable
domains of chiral condensates.Comment: 13 pages (figures included) Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
Phase space density and chiral symmetry restoration in relativistic heavy ion collisions
The effect of altered hadron masses is studied for its effect with regard to
final-state hadronic observables. It is shown that the final phase space
densities of pions and kaons, which can be inferred experimentally, are
sensitive to in-medium properties of the excited matter at earlier stages of
the collision, but that the sensitivity is significantly moderated by
interactions that change the effective numbers of pions and kaons during the
latter part of the collision.Comment: 5 pages, 4 fig.
Anisotropic suppression in nuclear collisions
The nuclear overlap zone in non-central relativistic heavy ion collisions is
azimuthally very asymmetric. By varying the angle between the axes of
deformation and the transverse direction of the pair momenta, the suppression
of and will oscillate in a characteristic way. Whereas the
average suppression is mostly sensitive to the early and high density stages of
the collision, the amplitude is more sensitive to the late stages. This effect
provides additional information on the suppression mechanisms such as
direct absorption on participating nucleons, comover absorption or formation of
a quark-gluon plasma. The behavior of the average suppression and its
amplitude with centrality of the collisions is discussed for SPS, RHIC and LHC
energies with and without a phase transition.Comment: Revised and extended version, new figure
Composition profiles of InAsâGaAs quantum dots determined by medium-energy ion scattering
The composition profile along the [001] growth direction of low-growth-rate InAsâGaAs quantum dots (QDs) has been determined using medium-energy ion scattering (MEIS). A linear profile of In concentration from 100% In at the top of the QDs to 20% at their base provides the best fit to MEIS energy spectra
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