Magnetic and Low Temperature Conductivity Studies in Oxidized Nano Ni Films

A set of single layered nanostructured Ni films of thickness, t = 25 nm, 50 nm, 75 nm and 100 nm have been deposited using electron beam gun evaporation technique at 473 K under high vacuum condition. From the grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) studies, NiO phase formation has been noted. Grain sizes of the films were determined. The microstructure was examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) studies. Average surface roughness was determined by atomic force microscope (AFM). The room temperature magnetization has been measured using the vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The coercive field was observed to be increasing with increasing t and became maximum for t = 75 nm and decreases for further increase in t. The behavior of coercive field with t indicated softness of the films. Low temperature electrical conductivity in the range from 5 K to 300 K has been measured. Temperature dependence of electrical conductivity showed semiconducting behavior. At temperatures above θD/2 (θD is the Debye temperature), the conductivity behavior has been understood in the light of Mott’s small polaron hopping model and activation energies were determined. An attempt has been made to understand conductivity variation below θD/2 using variable range hopping models due to Mott and Greaves. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/2371

Utility of Sea Surface Height anomaly (SSHa)in determination of Potential Fishing Zones

Physical processes in the oceans can be monitored by altimeters well before a radiometer can in terms of temperature or chlorophyll concentration. Herein we show the importance of Sea Surface Height anomaly (SSHa, retrieved with altimeter) in demarcating potential fishing zones. We also show how SSHa can help predict tuna movements, horizontally as well as vertically in the water column. Moreover, we prove these prediction with positively correlating SSHa to tuna hooking rates. In the end, we list out present and potential future sources from where SSHa can be retrieved in order to provide improved fishery advisories

Following tagged Yellowfin tuna along the east coast of India explains its feeding behavior: a case study in the Bay of Bengal

Horizontal movement of pelagic fish predator, Yellowfin (Thunnus albacares) tuna, in the oceanic waters of Bay of Bengal has been decoded. Pop-up Satellite Archival Tags (PSATs) were attached to adult tunas to study their distribution and migration. For this, environmental satellite data were matched with the tag locations to understand and characterize habitats of this species. A sub-set of the tag data was selected corresponding to the maximum resident time of tuna indicated by a high density data points. The tagged tuna spent 60 to 70% of its time in the waters having surface temperature within 28o to 29.5oC and sea surface height anomaly within+5 to +12 cm. The tag positions were located on the satellite images; chlorophyll, sea surface temperature, zooplankton and sea surface height anomaly. The two conditions, specific range of temperature and prey abundance, were found necessary for aggregation of tuna

Theoretical and experimental studies of molecular interactions between engineered graphene and phosphate ions for graphene-based phosphate sensing

Fundamental understanding of the interactions of nanoscale materials with molecules of interest is essential for the development of electronic devices, such as sensors. In particular, structures and molecular interaction properties of engineered graphenes are still largely unexplored, despite these materials’ great potential to be used as molecular sensors. As an example of end user application, the detection of phosphorus in the form of phosphate in a soil environment is important for soil fertility and plant growth. However, due to the lack of an affordable technology, it is currently hard to measure the amount of phosphate directly in the soil; therefore, suitable sensor technologies need to be developed for phosphate sensors. In this work, pristine graphene and several modified graphene materials (oxygenated graphene, graphene with vacancies, and curved graphene) were studied as candidates for phosphate sensor materials using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Our calculations showed that both pristine graphene and functionalized graphene were able to adsorb phosphate species strongly. In addition, these graphene nanomaterials showed selectivity of adsorption of phosphate with respect to nitrate, with stronger adsorption energies for phosphate. Furthermore, our calculations showed significant changes in electrical conductivities of pristine graphene and functionalized graphenes after phosphate species adsorption, in particular, on graphene with oxygen (hydroxyl and epoxide) functional groups. Experimental measurements of electrical resistivity of graphene before and after adsorption of dihydrogen phosphate showed an increase in resistivity upon adsorption of phosphate, consistent with the theoretical predictions. Our results recommend graphene and functionalized graphene-based nanomaterials as good candidates for the development of phosphate sensors

NODIS: Neural Ordinary Differential Scene Understanding

Semantic image understanding is a challenging topic in computer vision. It requires to detect all objects in an image, but also to identify all the relations between them. Detected objects, their labels and the discovered relations can be used to construct a scene graph which provides an abstract semantic interpretation of an image. In previous works, relations were identified by solving an assignment problem formulated as Mixed-Integer Linear Programs. In this work, we interpret that formulation as Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE). The proposed architecture performs scene graph inference by solving a neural variant of an ODE by end-to-end learning. It achieves state-of-the-art results on all three benchmark tasks: scene graph generation (SGGen), classification (SGCls) and visual relationship detection (PredCls) on Visual Genome benchmark

Restricting Intake and Increasing Energy Improves Efficiency in Newly Received Growing Cattle and Zelnate Has No Effect

Objectives: Study effects of two limit-fed diets formulated to provide two levels of dietary energy and offered at two different intake rates to target similar gains and analyze the efficacy of a novel DNA-immunostimulant administered on arrival. Study Description: A 56-day pen study was conducted utilizing 370 Angus × Brahman heifers shipped from Florida (1,455 mi) to study the effects of limit-feeding at 2 intakes based on prior research conducted at the Kansas State University Beef Stocker Unit, Manhattan, KS, to achieve similar gains and effects of Zelnate under the dietary conditions. The Bottom Line: Limit-feeding a higher-energy, lower-roughage diet at 2.2% of body weight daily is a more efficient feeding strategy than offering a higher-roughage, lower-energy diet at 2.4% of body weight daily to achieve similar gains, and Zelnate administered on arrival had no effect on performance or health

Programming a Variety of Gains Is Possible by Controlling Intake of a Single High-Energy By-Product-Based Diet Early in the Receiving/Growing Period Without Affecting Efficiency

Objective: Analyze the effects on performance when feeding a high-energy by-product-based diet to newly received growing cattle. Description: A total of 400 Angus × Hereford heifers originating from Montana were used to determine the effects on performance when intake of a high-energy corn by-product-based diet is increased to near ad libitum intake. The Bottom Line: One high-energy diet based on wet corn gluten feed can be offered to achieve a variety of gains efficiently by only altering the amount of feed offered

Wet Distiller’s Grains and Wet Corn Gluten with Dry-Rolled or Whole-Shelled Corn in High-Energy Limit-Fed Diets Do Not Affect Growing Cattle Performance

Objective: Compare wet distiller’s grains plus solubles and wet corn gluten feed with dry-rolled or whole-shelled corn in a novel programmed-feeding strategy being developed at the Kansas State University Beef Stocker Unit. Description: A total of 320 crossbred steers were used to determine the effects of two corn by-products and methods of corn processing, utilizing a high-energy limit-fed feeding strategy. The Bottom Line: Kansas producers have the option of feeding corn by-product and whether or not to process corn in a high-energy limit-fed feeding strategy without the risk of negatively affecting performance