196 research outputs found

    Клинико-экономичСская ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° цСлСсообразности примСнСния ΠΊΠ²Π°Π΄Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Ρƒ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² с хроничСской сСрдСчной Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ со сниТСнной Ρ„Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ выброса Π² мСдицинских организациях Московской области

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    Objective: assessment of feasibility of using four-component drug therapy for patients with chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (CHFrEF) in medical organizations of the Moscow Region (MR).Material and methods. Clinical and economic analysis of combined standard therapy with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, beta-blockers, and mineralocorticoid-receptor antagonists in combination with dapagliflozin (a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2) in the treatment of patients with CHFrEF was carried out. The effectiveness criteria were the number of prevented cardiovascular (CV) deaths and the percentage of the contribution to the achievement of the target indicator to reduce mortality from circulatory diseases within the framework of the regional program β€œHealth care development”. In order to determine the economic feasibility of quadritherapy, direct medical costs for the implemented technology were calculated, the cost of one prevented CV death was determined based on the values of the number needed to treat (NNT) indicator. Budget impact analysis was performed which allowed to build two analytical models. Results. It was shown that the use of quadritherapy can significantly contribute to achieving the target indicator by additionally preventing 512 CV deaths by 2024, which will make it possible to fulfill up to 74.74% of the indicator set by the MR state program β€œHealth care of the Moscow Region” (451.4 persons per 100 thousand population). Using quadruple therapy in 1000 target patients during the first year will prevent 11 CV deaths (NNT 90 persons). The cost of one prevented CV death was 3.860 million rubles. The budget impact analysis made it possible to determine that when CHF patients switch from standard treatment regimens to quadritherapy, including in combination with a drug of the angiotensin/neprilysin receptor inhibitor group (valsartan + sacubitril), this will entail an increase in healthcare system budget costs by 18.8%.Conclusion. The results demonstrate that the standard therapy in combination with the innovative drug dapagliflozin leads to a proven reduction in mortality from circulatory diseases. This technology is a cost-effective approach to organizing medical care for adult patients with CHFrEF on the MR territory.ЦСль: ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° цСлСсообразности примСнСния Ρ‡Π΅Ρ‚Ρ‹Ρ€Π΅Ρ…ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ лСкарствСнной Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ для лСчСния ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² с хроничСской сСрдСчной Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ со сниТСнной Ρ„Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ выброса (Π₯БНнЀВ) Π² мСдицинских организациях Московской области (МО).ΠœΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-экономичСский Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ стандартной Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ лСкарствСнными ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ классов ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² Π°Π½Π³ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠ½ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π²Ρ€Π°Ρ‰Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ Ρ„Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°, Π±Π΅Ρ‚Π°-Π°Π΄Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ², антагонистов ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅Ρ€Π°Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΡ€Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ€Π΅Ρ†Π΅ΠΏΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² Π² комплСксС с ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡ‹ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π° Π½Π°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠΉ-глюкозного котранспортСра 2-Π³ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠ° Π΄Π°ΠΏΠ°Π³Π»ΠΈΡ„Π»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ½ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² с Π₯БНнЀВ. Π’ качСствС ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ΅Π² эффСктивности выступали ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ количСства ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡ‚Π²Ρ€Π°Ρ‰Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… сСрдСчно-сосудистых (Π‘Π‘) смСртСй ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚ Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π° Π² достиТСниС Ρ†Π΅Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ показатСля ΠΏΠΎ сниТСнию смСртности ΠΎΡ‚ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Π΅ΠΉ систСмы кровообращСния Π² Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ… Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΡ‹ Β«Π Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅ здравоохранСния» МО. Π’ цСлях опрСдСлСния экономичСской цСлСсообразности примСнСния ΠΊΠ²Π°Π΄Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ рассчитаны прямыС мСдицинскиС Π·Π°Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ Π½Π° Π²Π½Π΅Π΄Ρ€ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡƒΡŽ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡŽ, ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΡΡ‚ΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡ‚Π²Ρ€Π°Ρ‰Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π‘Π‘-смСрти Π½Π° основании Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ показатСля числа Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ…, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ»Π΅Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ (Π°Π½Π³Π». number needed to treat, NNT). ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· влияния Π½Π° Π±ΡŽΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚, Π² Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ… ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ построСны Π΄Π²Π΅ аналитичСскиС ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ.Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹. Показано, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ²Π°Π΄Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ способно внСсти сущСствСнный Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ Π² достиТСниС Ρ†Π΅Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ показатСля ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π΅ΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ прСдотвращСния 512 Π‘Π‘-смСртСй ΠΊ 2024 Π³., Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π΄ΠΎ 74,74% ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°, установлСнного государствСнной ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠΉ МО Β«Π—Π΄Ρ€Π°Π²ΠΎΠΎΡ…Ρ€Π°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Подмосковья» (451,4 Ρ‡Π΅Π». Π½Π° 100 тыс. насСлСния). ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ‡Π΅Ρ‚Ρ‹Ρ€Π΅Ρ…ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Ρƒ 1 тыс. Ρ†Π΅Π»Π΅Π²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Π² Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡ‚Π²Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ 11 Π‘Π‘-смСртСй (NNT 90 Ρ‡Π΅Π».). Π‘Ρ‚ΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡ‚Π²Ρ€Π°Ρ‰Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π‘Π‘-смСрти составила 3,860 ΠΌΠ»Π½ Ρ€ΡƒΠ±. Анализ влияния Π½Π° Π±ΡŽΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ» ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² с Π₯БН со стандартных схСм лСчСния Π½Π° ΠΊΠ²Π°Π΄Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΡŽ, Π² Ρ‚.Ρ‡. Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ с ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡ‹ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² Ρ€Π΅Ρ†Π΅ΠΏΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² Π°Π½Π³ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠ½Π°/Π½Π΅ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠ½Π° (валсартан + сакубитрил), ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Ρ‚ Π·Π° собой рост Π·Π°Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ Π±ΡŽΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚Π° систСмы здравоохранСния Π½Π° 18,8%. Π—Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠŸΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‚, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ стандартной Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ с ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π°ΠΏΠ°Π³Π»ΠΈΡ„Π»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ½ Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΊ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ сниТСнию смСртности насСлСния ΠΎΡ‚ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Π΅ΠΉ систСмы кровообращСния. Данная тСхнология являСтся экономичСски цСлСсообразным ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊ ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ мСдицинской ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΠΈ взрослым ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°ΠΌ с Π₯БНнЀВ Π½Π° Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΈ МО

    Using reference materials of blast furnace slag, steelmaking slag, converter slag and fused fluxes when developing a procedure for analysis of slag-forming mixtures using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry

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    Introduction. Slag-forming mixtures play an important role in obtaining metal without non-metallic inclusions. Required properties of slag-forming mixtures (SFMs) directly depend on their chemical composition, that is why control of individual component content in a mixture is an important stage in the technological chain of metallurgical production. At the present time, it is a common practice to use inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES for analyzing SFMs, requiring sample preparation by alloying with alkali fluxes, which makes it impossible to determine potassium and sodium oxides in a sample. That is why it is necessary to work out a procedure for simultaneous determination of calcium, silicon, magnesium, aluminium, potassium, and sodium oxides by the method of ICP-AES, which would include quantitative transferring of all components into a solution. For that purpose, it is suggested to use microwave digestion of samples in autoclaves.The purpose was to develop a procedure for simultaneous determination of specified components of SFMs using ICP-AES after transferring the sample into a solution in an autoclave under conditions of microwave heating, and to certify it reference materials of slag and fluxes.Materials and methods. Compositional analysis of slag-forming mixtures was conducted using an atomic emission spectrometer with inductively coupled plasma Β«iCAP 6500 DuoΒ»; sample digestion was conducted with the use of the microwave system Β«ETHOS PLUSΒ». The following brands of SFMs were chosen as research objects: Melubir 9563 and Accutherm ST-SP/235AL4D; AlsifluxGS-C7; SRCP015, SRCP173P. For calibrating the spectrometer and controlling correctness of determining the specified components, the following reference materials were used: reference materials of blast furnace slag, steelmaking slag, converter slag, and fused fluxes, which have close chemical composition.Research results. An ICP-AES analysis procedure has been developed for calibrating the spectrometer and controlling correctness of determining CaO, SiO2 , MgO, Al2 O3 , K2 O, Na2 O in reference materials of blast furnace slag, steelmaking slag, converter slag and fused fluxes, which allows to establish target components of SFMs quickly and reliably

    Fixed and separate combination of solifenacin and tamsulosin in urinary disorders associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia: a choice based on price and value comparison

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    Objective. To determine the consequences of the use of a fi xed combination of solifenacin and tamsulosin in patientsΒ whom recommended the prescription of these drugs. Methods. Analysis of prices of drugs solifenacin + tamsulosin controlledΒ release (Vasomni), solifenacin (Vesicare), tamsulosin controlled release (Omnic Okas) and tamsulosin modifi ed-release (severalΒ registered trade names of the drug) conducted on the basis of information from several sources: 1 β€” the register of maximumΒ ex-works prices of manufacturers of vital and essential medicines, 2 β€” data on average prices in pharmacies of Moscow (as ofΒ 15.02.2018), 3 β€” weighted average prices of public procurement for 2018 according to the monitoring of the pharmaceuticalΒ market. To determine the points of relative value of drugs, a survey of experts was conducted: 1 β€” to determine the values of theΒ criteria for the drugs under consideration β€” urologists; 2 β€” to determine the weight of the criteria β€” persons involved in theΒ decision-making on the selection and purchase of drugs. Results. We found that the cost of the equivalent course dose of VesomniΒ was on 40-42 % lower than the combination of drugs Vesicar and Omnik Okas. Compared with the non-fi xed combination ofΒ solifenacin with tamsulosin in a drug form with modifi ed release, no signifi cant diff erences in price levels were found. At the sameΒ time, the relative value of a fi xed combination is 5-6 percentage points higher compared to non-fi xed combinations, mainly due to ease of use. Conclusion. Use of a fi xed combination of solifenacin + tamsulosin can lead to budget savings with an increase in the level of relative value

    Influence of the material of weighing bottles on loss-on-drying reproducibility

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    One of the factors influencing the uncertainty of residual moisture measurements in biological medicinal products is the accumulation of electrostatic charge on the surfaces of weighing bottles and laboratory balances, which results in poor weighing reproducibility. The authors believe that the simplest and most economical solution to this problem is to use weighing bottles made of a conductive material, e.g. metal. The aim of the work was to evaluate the influence of the material of weighing bottles on the reproducibility of loss-on-drying (LOD) methods. Materials and methods: Model samples for the study were prepared from a sucrose-gelatin medium by lyophilisation and subsequent moisture sorption to achieve a certain residual moisture content. The authors assessed the samples’ mass uniformity using Shewhart’s X-charts, and analysed their residual moisture content using a loss-on-drying procedure with glass and metal weighing bottles. Statistical processing of the results was carried out by calculating the main statistical indicators: Student’s t-test and Fisher’s F-test. Results: Four batches of model samples were prepared and standardised in terms of average mass using Shewhart’s charts. The effect of weighing bottle materials was most pronounced at low residual moisture contents (less than 0.5%), with the relative standard deviation (RSD) values for the results obtained with glass and metal weighing bottles reaching 76% and 35%, respectively. For the samples with a higher residual moisture content (2–5%), the minimum RSDs with glass and metal weighing bottles were 15% and 6%, respectively. Conclusions: The study allowed for evaluating the influence of the material of weighing bottles on the results of LOD measurements and demonstrated a higher reproducibility with metal weighing bottles. This confirms the possibility of using metal weighing bottles in quality assessment of biological medicinal products for human use with LOD methods

    Lyophilisation of bacterial test strains in a manifold-type apparatus: Effects of freezing and drying parameters, ampoule fill volume, and cotton filter density

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    Scientific relevance. Lyophilisation is the preferred method at the National Collection of Pathogenic MicroorganismsΒ (NCPM) of the Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Lyophilisation is used to provide for high standards of test-strain deposition, storage, and transportation and to ensure that test strains maintain their properties. Successful lyophilisation requires conducting experiments to establish the key parameters and critical conditions of the process.Aim. The study aimed to evaluate the effects that the speed and time of freezing, the time of drying, the fill volume of ampoules, and the density of cotton filters have on the quality ofΒ NCPM indicator microorganisms lyophilised in a manifold-type apparatus.Materials and methods. Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCTCΒ 12924, Staphylococcus aureus NCTCΒ 10788, and Salmonella Abony NCTCΒ 6017 were freeze-dried using a manifold-type apparatus (M. S. R. 18, Usifroid). The authors used a low-temperature freezer at –70Β±2Β Β°C for slow freezing and a mixture of dry ice and alcohol for quick freezing. The statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel and StatisticaΒ 10.Results. The minimum time needed for freezing the samples in a low-temperature freezer at –70Β±2Β Β°C was 4 hours. Further storage at this temperature for up to 1Β month was shown possible without compromising the quality of the final product. The time needed for freezing the samples in a mixture of dry ice and alcohol was under 1Β minute. No differences in quality parameters were observed between the lyophilised samples frozen slowly or quickly, except for the cake appearance. Quick freezing resulted in cakes that were non-uniform, crumbled, and pulled away from the ampoule walls, which is considered undesirable. The primary drying stage for ampoules with a fill volume of 0.2 mL took 6–8 hours. The secondary drying stage of 11, 18, 35, and 59 hours resulted in comparable lyophilisate quality: the authors observed no statistically significant differences in viable cell counts (CFU/mL) at the end of lyophilisation and at the end of stress testing. The residual moisture content after 59-hour secondary drying was less than 2%. The cotton filter density had a critical influence on the lyophilisate quality. Therefore, the authors recommend using cotton filters weighing 50Β mg or less.Conclusions. The authors analysed the main stages of the lyophilisation process used for NCPM test strains and considered the effects that the speed and time of freezing, the time of drying, the fill volume of ampoules, and the density of cotton filters have on the quality of the final lyophilised product. The NCPM has implemented the results of this study in its work

    Grain quality indicators and size-dependent fractional composition in winter rye cultivars under the conditions of the Lower Volga region

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    Background. Grain quality indicators of winter rye cultivars were analyzed in connection with the size-dependent fractional composition of their grain in the Lower Volga environments.Materials and methods. The research material included 22 cultivars developed at various Russian scientific institutions, 3 Belarusian ones, and 3 cultivars bred at the Federal Center of Agriculture Research of the South-East Region. Comparative trials were conducted in 2021–2022 on 13.2 m2 plots in two field replications. The following grain quality indicators were studied: grain test weight, 1000 grain weight, size-dependent fractional composition, Hagberg falling number, amylogram peak height, starch gelatinization temperature, protein content, and rheological properties of the meal/water slurry.Results. Protein content was recorded at a level of 9.98–10.85%, while the starch gelatinization temperature was high due to the June air temperatures higher than the norm. Significant differences among the cultivars were found in the fractional composition of grain: 12 forms were identified with medium viscosity of the meal/water slurry and the fine-grain fraction content up to 30% of the total weight.Conclusions. There is a positive significant correlation between the five studied indicators characterizing the rheological properties of the meal/water slurry made from the grain of winter rye cultivars and the grain fraction composition (0.82*–0.91*)

    ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ стандартных ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†ΠΎΠ² Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ…, ΡΡ‚Π°Π»Π΅ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ…, ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π²Π΅Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… шлаков ΠΈ сварочных ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ„Π»ΡŽΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΡˆΠ»Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… смСсСй ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎ-эмиссионной спСктромСтрии с ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ связанной ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠΎΠΉ

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    Introduction. Slag-forming mixtures play an important role in obtaining metal without non-metallic inclusions. Required properties of slag-forming mixtures (SFMs) directly depend on their chemical composition, that is why control of individual component content in a mixture is an important stage in the technological chain of metallurgical production. At the present time, it is a common practice to use inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES for analyzing SFMs, requiring sample preparation by alloying with alkali fluxes, which makes it impossible to determine potassium and sodium oxides in a sample. That is why it is necessary to work out a procedure for simultaneous determination of calcium, silicon, magnesium, aluminium, potassium, and sodium oxides by the method of ICP-AES, which would include quantitative transferring of all components into a solution. For that purpose, it is suggested to use microwave digestion of samples in autoclaves.The purpose was to develop a procedure for simultaneous determination of specified components of SFMs using ICP-AES after transferring the sample into a solution in an autoclave under conditions of microwave heating, and to certify it reference materials of slag and fluxes.Materials and methods. Compositional analysis of slag-forming mixtures was conducted using an atomic emission spectrometer with inductively coupled plasma Β«iCAP 6500 DuoΒ»; sample digestion was conducted with the use of the microwave system Β«ETHOS PLUSΒ». The following brands of SFMs were chosen as research objects: Melubir 9563 and Accutherm ST-SP/235AL4D; AlsifluxGS-C7; SRCP015, SRCP173P. For calibrating the spectrometer and controlling correctness of determining the specified components, the following reference materials were used: reference materials of blast furnace slag, steelmaking slag, converter slag, and fused fluxes, which have close chemical composition.Research results. An ICP-AES analysis procedure has been developed for calibrating the spectrometer and controlling correctness of determining CaO, SiO2 , MgO, Al2 O3 , K2 O, Na2 O in reference materials of blast furnace slag, steelmaking slag, converter slag and fused fluxes, which allows to establish target components of SFMs quickly and reliably.Β Π’Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π¨Π»Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ смСси ΠΈΠ³Ρ€Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡƒΡŽ Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ для получСния «чистого» ΠΎΡ‚ нСмСталличСских Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π»Π»Π°. НСобходимыС свойства ΡˆΠ»Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… смСсСй (ШОБ) Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€ΡΠΌΡƒΡŽ зависят ΠΎΡ‚ химичСского состава, поэтому ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ содСрТания ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² смСсСй являСтся Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ этапом Π² тСхнологичСской Ρ†Π΅ΠΏΠΈ мСталлургичСского производства. Π’ настоящСС врСмя для Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΡˆΠ»Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ смСси практикуСтся ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎ-эмиссионной спСктромСтрии с ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ связанной ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠΎΠΉ (АЭБ ИБП), Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π΅ΠΌ сплавлСния с Ρ‰Π΅Π»ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ плавнями, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π΅Ρ‚ Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ оксидов калия ΠΈ натрия Π² ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π΅. ΠŸΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ сущСствуСт Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ опрСдСлСния оксидов ΠΊΠ°Π»ΡŒΡ†ΠΈΡ, крСмния, магния, алюминия, калия ΠΈ натрия ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ АЭБ ИБП, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ количСствСнноС ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ всСх ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Π² раствор. Для этих Ρ†Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ± Π² Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊΠ»Π°Π²Π°Ρ….ЦСль Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹. Π Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ опрСдСлСния Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ШОБ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ АЭБ ИБП послС пСрСвСдСния ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹ Π² раствор Π² Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊΠ»Π°Π²Π΅ Π² условиях ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°Π³Ρ€Π΅Π²Π°, Π΅Π΅ аттСстация с ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ стандартных ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†ΠΎΠ² шлаков ΠΈ Ρ„Π»ΡŽΡΠΎΠ².ΠœΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ‹ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. ΠžΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ состава ШОБ ΠΎΡΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡŒ с ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎ-эмиссионного спСктромСтра с ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ связанной ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Β«iCAP 6500 DuoΒ»; Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ± ΠΎΡΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡŒ с ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ систСмы Β«ETHOS PLUSΒ». Π’ качСствС ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² исслСдования Π²Ρ‹Π±Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ‹ ΡˆΠ»Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ смСси ΠΌΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠΊ Melubir 9563 ΠΈ Accutherm ST-SP/235AL4D; AlsifluxGS-C7; SRCP015, SRCP173P. Для Π³Ρ€Π°Π΄ΡƒΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ спСктромСтра ΠΈ контроля ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ опрСдСлСния Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ БО шлаков Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ…, ΡΡ‚Π°Π»Π΅ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ…, ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π²Π΅Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ…, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Ρ„Π»ΡŽΡΠΎΠ² сварочных ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ‹Ρ…, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠΉ химичСский состав.Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ исслСдования. Π Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° АЭБ ИБП Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°, прСдназначСнная для Π³Ρ€Π°Π΄ΡƒΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ спСктромСтра ΠΈ контроля ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ опрСдСлСния CaO, SiO2 , MgO, Al2 O3 , K2 O, Na2 O стандартных ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†ΠΎΠ² шлаков Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ…, ΡΡ‚Π°Π»Π΅ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ…, ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π²Π΅Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ Ρ„Π»ΡŽΡΠΎΠ² сварочных ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ‹Ρ…, которая позволяСт быстро ΠΈ Π½Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ†Π΅Π»Π΅Π²Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹ ШОБ

    ВлияниС ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Π° бюксов Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ опрСдСлСния ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈ Π² массС ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π²Ρ‹ΡΡƒΡˆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ

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    One of the factors influencing the uncertainty of residual moisture measurements in biological medicinal products is the accumulation of electrostatic charge on the surfaces of weighing bottles and laboratory balances, which results in poor weighing reproducibility. The authors believe that the simplest and most economical solution to this problem is to use weighing bottles made of a conductive material, e.g. metal. The aim of the work was to evaluate the influence of the material of weighing bottles on the reproducibility of loss-on-drying (LOD) methods. Materials and methods: Model samples for the study were prepared from a sucrose-gelatin medium by lyophilisation and subsequent moisture sorption to achieve a certain residual moisture content. The authors assessed the samples’ mass uniformity using Shewhart’s X-charts, and analysed their residual moisture content using a loss-on-drying procedure with glass and metal weighing bottles. Statistical processing of the results was carried out by calculating the main statistical indicators: Student’s t-test and Fisher’s F-test. Results: Four batches of model samples were prepared and standardised in terms of average mass using Shewhart’s charts. The effect of weighing bottle materials was most pronounced at low residual moisture contents (less than 0.5%), with the relative standard deviation (RSD) values for the results obtained with glass and metal weighing bottles reaching 76% and 35%, respectively. For the samples with a higher residual moisture content (2–5%), the minimum RSDs with glass and metal weighing bottles were 15% and 6%, respectively. Conclusions: The study allowed for evaluating the influence of the material of weighing bottles on the results of LOD measurements and demonstrated a higher reproducibility with metal weighing bottles. This confirms the possibility of using metal weighing bottles in quality assessment of biological medicinal products for human use with LOD methods.Одним ΠΈΠ· Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ², Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π½Π° Π½Π΅ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ остаточной влаТности биологичСских лСкарствСнных ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ², являСтся Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ элСктростатичСского заряда Π½Π° повСрхностях Π²Π·Π²Π΅ΡˆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡ‹Ρ… бюксов ΠΈ вСсов, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ выраТаСтся Π² Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΉ воспроизводимости Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² взвСшивания. НаиболСС простым ΠΈ экономичным способом Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ‹, ΠΏΠΎ Π½Π°ΡˆΠ΅ΠΌΡƒ мнСнию, являСтся использованиС бюксов ΠΈΠ· элСктропроводящих ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ², Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ мСталличСских. ЦСль Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹: ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ влияниС ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Π° бюксов Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ опрСдСлСния ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈ Π² массС ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π²Ρ‹ΡΡƒΡˆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ. ΠœΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ‹ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹: ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†Ρ‹ для провСдСния исслСдований Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π° основС сахарозо-ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ срСды способом Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ сорбциСй Π²Π»Π°Π³ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ остаточной влаТности. ΠžΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΡƒ однородности ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎ массС ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ с ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π₯-ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚ Π¨ΡƒΡ…Π°Ρ€Ρ‚Π°. ΠžΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΡŽ Π² массС ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π²Ρ‹ΡΡƒΡˆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†ΠΎΠ² с использованиСм стСклянных ΠΈ мСталличСских бюксов. Π‘Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΡƒ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ, рассчитывая основныС статистичСскиС ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ, t-ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΉ Π‘Ρ‚ΡŒΡŽΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π°, ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΉ Π€ΠΈΡˆΠ΅Ρ€Π°. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹: ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ‹ ΠΈ стандартизированы Ρ‡Π΅Ρ‚Ρ‹Ρ€Π΅ сСрии ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†ΠΎΠ² с ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚ Π¨ΡƒΡ…Π°Ρ€Ρ‚Π° ΠΏΠΎ срСднСй массС. ВлияниС ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Π° бюксов Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ сильно проявляСтся ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΉ остаточной влаТности ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†ΠΎΠ² (ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ 0,5%): ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ стандартноС ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈ Π² массС ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π²Ρ‹ΡΡƒΡˆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°Π΅ΠΌΡ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ использовании стСклянных бюксов достигало 76%, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ использовании мСталличСских бюксов β€” 35%. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ большСй остаточной влаТности ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†ΠΎΠ² (2–5%) минимальноС ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ стандартноС ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ составляло 15% ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ использовании стСклянных бюксов ΠΈ 6% ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ использовании мСталличСских бюксов. Π’Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹: ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ исслСдования ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ влияниС ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Π° бюксов Π½Π° Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ опрСдСлСния ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈ Π² массС ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π²Ρ‹ΡΡƒΡˆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ: ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ высокая Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² испытаний с использованиСм мСталличСских бюксов, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅Ρ‚ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΡ… использования ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ качСства биологичСских лСкарствСнных ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŽ Β«ΠŸΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ Π² массС ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π²Ρ‹ΡΡƒΡˆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈΒ»

    Лиофилизация Π±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… тСст-ΡˆΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ² Π² Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠ°: влияниС ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² замораТивания ΠΈ Π²Ρ‹ΡΡƒΡˆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, объСма заполнСния Π°ΠΌΠΏΡƒΠ» ΠΈ плотности Π²Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€Π°

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    Scientific relevance. Lyophilisation is the preferred method at the National Collection of Pathogenic MicroorganismsΒ (NCPM) of the Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Lyophilisation is used to provide for high standards of test-strain deposition, storage, and transportation and to ensure that test strains maintain their properties. Successful lyophilisation requires conducting experiments to establish the key parameters and critical conditions of the process.Aim. The study aimed to evaluate the effects that the speed and time of freezing, the time of drying, the fill volume of ampoules, and the density of cotton filters have on the quality ofΒ NCPM indicator microorganisms lyophilised in a manifold-type apparatus.Materials and methods. Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCTCΒ 12924, Staphylococcus aureus NCTCΒ 10788, and Salmonella Abony NCTCΒ 6017 were freeze-dried using a manifold-type apparatus (M. S. R. 18, Usifroid). The authors used a low-temperature freezer at –70Β±2Β Β°C for slow freezing and a mixture of dry ice and alcohol for quick freezing. The statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel and StatisticaΒ 10.Results. The minimum time needed for freezing the samples in a low-temperature freezer at –70Β±2Β Β°C was 4 hours. Further storage at this temperature for up to 1Β month was shown possible without compromising the quality of the final product. The time needed for freezing the samples in a mixture of dry ice and alcohol was under 1Β minute. No differences in quality parameters were observed between the lyophilised samples frozen slowly or quickly, except for the cake appearance. Quick freezing resulted in cakes that were non-uniform, crumbled, and pulled away from the ampoule walls, which is considered undesirable. The primary drying stage for ampoules with a fill volume of 0.2 mL took 6–8 hours. The secondary drying stage of 11, 18, 35, and 59 hours resulted in comparable lyophilisate quality: the authors observed no statistically significant differences in viable cell counts (CFU/mL) at the end of lyophilisation and at the end of stress testing. The residual moisture content after 59-hour secondary drying was less than 2%. The cotton filter density had a critical influence on the lyophilisate quality. Therefore, the authors recommend using cotton filters weighing 50Β mg or less.Conclusions. The authors analysed the main stages of the lyophilisation process used for NCPM test strains and considered the effects that the speed and time of freezing, the time of drying, the fill volume of ampoules, and the density of cotton filters have on the quality of the final lyophilised product. The NCPM has implemented the results of this study in its work.ΠΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ.Β Π’ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ ГосударствСнной ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² Π€Π“Π‘Π£ «НЦЭБМП» ΠœΠΈΠ½Π·Π΄Ρ€Π°Π²Π° России основной ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ β€” лиофилизация, ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π°Ρ сохранСниС свойств Π΄Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… тСст-ΡˆΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ². Для ΡƒΡΠΏΠ΅ΡˆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ основных ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ критичСских условий процСсса.ЦСль. ΠžΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ влияниС скорости ΠΈ Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ замораТивания, Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π²Ρ‹ΡΡƒΡˆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, объСма заполнСния Π°ΠΌΠΏΡƒΠ», плотности Π²Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€Π° Π½Π° качСство ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… тСст-ΡˆΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠ°.ΠœΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ‹ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. ВСст-ΡˆΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΌΡ‹ PseudomonasΒ aeruginosaΒ NCTCΒ 12924, StaphylococcusΒ aureusΒ NCTCΒ 10788, SalmonellaΒ AbonyΒ NCTCΒ 6017 Π²Ρ‹ΡΡƒΡˆΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°Β Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠ°. Π—Π°ΠΌΠΎΡ€Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ вСлось ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π΅ –70Β±2Β Β°Π‘ Π²Β Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅Β (мСдлСнная Π·Π°ΠΌΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ·ΠΊΠ°) и в смСси «сухого льда» со спиртом (быстрая Π·Π°ΠΌΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ·ΠΊΠ°). Π‘Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΡƒ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌ MSΒ Exсel ΠΈΒ Statistica,Β v.Β 10.Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹. ВрСмя замораТивания Π°ΠΌΠΏΡƒΠ» Π² Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ –70Β±2 Β°Π‘ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ 4 Ρ‡, дальнСйшСС Ρ…Ρ€Π°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π΅ Π΄ΠΎ 1 мСс. Π±Π΅Π· ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈ качСства ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚Π°. ВрСмя замораТивания Π°ΠΌΠΏΡƒΠ» Π² смСси «сухого льда» ΠΈ спирта составило ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ 1 ΠΌΠΈΠ½. Π Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠΉ Π² показатСлях качСства Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ быстрой ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°ΠΌΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ·ΠΊΠ΅, Π½Π΅ выявлСно, ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ внСшнСго Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°: ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ быстром Π·Π°ΠΌΠΎΡ€Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ‚Π°Π±Π»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠ° Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ‚Π° формируСтся нСровная, Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΎ отдСляСтся ΠΎΡ‚ стСкла ΠΈ ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠΈΡ‚ΡΡ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ. Π”Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ этапа ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Ρ‹ΡΡƒΡˆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΠΌΠΏΡƒΠ» наполнСния 0,2Β ΠΌΠ» составила 6–8Β Ρ‡. Показано, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ врСмя Π΄ΠΎΡΡƒΡˆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 11, 18, 35 ΠΈΒ 59Β Ρ‡ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ ΠΊΒ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² сравнимого качСства: количСство ТизнСспособных ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊΒ (ΠšΠžΠ•/ΠΌΠ») сразу послС Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΒ ΠΏΠΎΒ Π·Π°Π²Π΅Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ стрСсс-тСста Π²ΠΎ всСх случаях статистичСски Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π½Π΅Β ΠΎΡ‚Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡŒ. Π‘ΠΎΠ΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ остаточной Π²Π»Π°Π³ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΡƒΡˆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²Β Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 59Β Ρ‡Β β€” ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ 2Β %. ΠŸΠ»ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π²Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€Π° ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ‚ критичСскоС влияниС Π½Π° качСство Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ‚Π°, рСкомСндуСтся использованиС Π²Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€Π° массой Π½Π΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 50Β ΠΌΠ³.Π’Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. Π˜Π·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Ρ‹ основныС этапы Π²Ρ‹ΡΡƒΡˆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… тСст-ΡˆΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ² Π½Π° Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠ°. ИсслСдовано влияниС Π½Π° качСство ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚Π° ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²: скорости ΠΈ Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ замораТивания, Π΄Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ Π²Ρ‹ΡΡƒΡˆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, объСма заполнСния Π°ΠΌΠΏΡƒΠ», плотности Π²Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€Π°. ΠŸΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π² Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ²
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