196 research outputs found
ΠΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ²Π°Π΄ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Ρ ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠΎΡΠ° Π² ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ
Objective: assessment of feasibility of using four-component drug therapy for patients with chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (CHFrEF) in medical organizations of the Moscow Region (MR).Material and methods. Clinical and economic analysis of combined standard therapy with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, beta-blockers, and mineralocorticoid-receptor antagonists in combination with dapagliflozin (a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2) in the treatment of patients with CHFrEF was carried out. The effectiveness criteria were the number of prevented cardiovascular (CV) deaths and the percentage of the contribution to the achievement of the target indicator to reduce mortality from circulatory diseases within the framework of the regional program βHealth care developmentβ. In order to determine the economic feasibility of quadritherapy, direct medical costs for the implemented technology were calculated, the cost of one prevented CV death was determined based on the values of the number needed to treat (NNT) indicator. Budget impact analysis was performed which allowed to build two analytical models. Results. It was shown that the use of quadritherapy can significantly contribute to achieving the target indicator by additionally preventing 512 CV deaths by 2024, which will make it possible to fulfill up to 74.74% of the indicator set by the MR state program βHealth care of the Moscow Regionβ (451.4 persons per 100 thousand population). Using quadruple therapy in 1000 target patients during the first year will prevent 11 CV deaths (NNT 90 persons). The cost of one prevented CV death was 3.860 million rubles. The budget impact analysis made it possible to determine that when CHF patients switch from standard treatment regimens to quadritherapy, including in combination with a drug of the angiotensin/neprilysin receptor inhibitor group (valsartan + sacubitril), this will entail an increase in healthcare system budget costs by 18.8%.Conclusion. The results demonstrate that the standard therapy in combination with the innovative drug dapagliflozin leads to a proven reduction in mortality from circulatory diseases. This technology is a cost-effective approach to organizing medical care for adult patients with CHFrEF on the MR territory.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ: ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠΎΡΠ° (Π₯Π‘ΠΠ½Π€Π) Π² ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ
ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ (ΠΠ).ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π°Π½Π³ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠ½ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°, Π±Π΅ΡΠ°-Π°Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ², Π°Π½ΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ° Π½Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΉ-Π³Π»ΡΠΊΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° 2-Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° Π΄Π°ΠΏΠ°Π³Π»ΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ½ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π₯Π‘ΠΠ½Π€Π. Π ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΅Π² ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²ΡΡΡΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡ
(Π‘Π‘) ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π° Π² Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ Β«Π Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π΄ΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΒ» ΠΠ. Π ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ²Π°Π΄ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π½Π° Π²Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π‘Π‘-ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π° Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠΈΡΡ (Π°Π½Π³Π». number needed to treat, NNT). ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Ρ, Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π²Π΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ²Π°Π΄ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ Π² Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ 512 Π‘Π‘-ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊ 2024 Π³., ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ 74,74% ΠΎΡ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ°, ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΠ Β«ΠΠ΄ΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΠΎΠ΄ΠΌΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡΒ» (451,4 ΡΠ΅Π». Π½Π° 100 ΡΡΡ. Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ). ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Ρ 1 ΡΡΡ. ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ 11 Π‘Π‘-ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ (NNT 90 ΡΠ΅Π».). Π‘ΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π‘Π‘-ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π° 3,860 ΠΌΠ»Π½ ΡΡΠ±. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ» ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π₯Π‘Π ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΊΠ²Π°Π΄ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ, Π² Ρ.Ρ. Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π°Π½Π³ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠ½Π°/Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠ½Π° (Π²Π°Π»ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π½ + ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ±ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ»), ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Ρ Π·Π° ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π·Π΄ΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° 18,8%. ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π°ΠΏΠ°Π³Π»ΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ½ Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ ΠΊ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ Π²Π·ΡΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌ Ρ Π₯Π‘ΠΠ½Π€Π Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΠ
Using reference materials of blast furnace slag, steelmaking slag, converter slag and fused fluxes when developing a procedure for analysis of slag-forming mixtures using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry
Introduction. Slag-forming mixtures play an important role in obtaining metal without non-metallic inclusions. Required properties of slag-forming mixtures (SFMs) directly depend on their chemical composition, that is why control of individual component content in a mixture is an important stage in the technological chain of metallurgical production. At the present time, it is a common practice to use inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES for analyzing SFMs, requiring sample preparation by alloying with alkali fluxes, which makes it impossible to determine potassium and sodium oxides in a sample. That is why it is necessary to work out a procedure for simultaneous determination of calcium, silicon, magnesium, aluminium, potassium, and sodium oxides by the method of ICP-AES, which would include quantitative transferring of all components into a solution. For that purpose, it is suggested to use microwave digestion of samples in autoclaves.The purpose was to develop a procedure for simultaneous determination of specified components of SFMs using ICP-AES after transferring the sample into a solution in an autoclave under conditions of microwave heating, and to certify it reference materials of slag and fluxes.Materials and methods. Compositional analysis of slag-forming mixtures was conducted using an atomic emission spectrometer with inductively coupled plasma Β«iCAP 6500 DuoΒ»; sample digestion was conducted with the use of the microwave system Β«ETHOS PLUSΒ». The following brands of SFMs were chosen as research objects: Melubir 9563 and Accutherm ST-SP/235AL4D; AlsifluxGS-C7; SRCP015, SRCP173P. For calibrating the spectrometer and controlling correctness of determining the specified components, the following reference materials were used: reference materials of blast furnace slag, steelmaking slag, converter slag, and fused fluxes, which have close chemical composition.Research results. An ICP-AES analysis procedure has been developed for calibrating the spectrometer and controlling correctness of determining CaO, SiO2 , MgO, Al2 O3 , K2 O, Na2 O in reference materials of blast furnace slag, steelmaking slag, converter slag and fused fluxes, which allows to establish target components of SFMs quickly and reliably
Fixed and separate combination of solifenacin and tamsulosin in urinary disorders associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia: a choice based on price and value comparison
Objective. To determine the consequences of the use of a fi xed combination of solifenacin and tamsulosin in patientsΒ whom recommended the prescription of these drugs. Methods. Analysis of prices of drugs solifenacin + tamsulosin controlledΒ release (Vasomni), solifenacin (Vesicare), tamsulosin controlled release (Omnic Okas) and tamsulosin modifi ed-release (severalΒ registered trade names of the drug) conducted on the basis of information from several sources: 1 β the register of maximumΒ ex-works prices of manufacturers of vital and essential medicines, 2 β data on average prices in pharmacies of Moscow (as ofΒ 15.02.2018), 3 β weighted average prices of public procurement for 2018 according to the monitoring of the pharmaceuticalΒ market. To determine the points of relative value of drugs, a survey of experts was conducted: 1 β to determine the values of theΒ criteria for the drugs under consideration β urologists; 2 β to determine the weight of the criteria β persons involved in theΒ decision-making on the selection and purchase of drugs. Results. We found that the cost of the equivalent course dose of VesomniΒ was on 40-42 % lower than the combination of drugs Vesicar and Omnik Okas. Compared with the non-fi xed combination ofΒ solifenacin with tamsulosin in a drug form with modifi ed release, no signifi cant diff erences in price levels were found. At the sameΒ time, the relative value of a fi xed combination is 5-6 percentage points higher compared to non-fi xed combinations, mainly due to ease of use. Conclusion. Use of a fi xed combination of solifenacin + tamsulosin can lead to budget savings with an increase in the level of relative value
Influence of the material of weighing bottles on loss-on-drying reproducibility
One of the factors influencing the uncertainty of residual moisture measurements in biological medicinal products is the accumulation of electrostatic charge on the surfaces of weighing bottles and laboratory balances, which results in poor weighing reproducibility. The authors believe that the simplest and most economical solution to this problem is to use weighing bottles made of a conductive material, e.g. metal. The aim of the work was to evaluate the influence of the material of weighing bottles on the reproducibility of loss-on-drying (LOD) methods. Materials and methods: Model samples for the study were prepared from a sucrose-gelatin medium by lyophilisation and subsequent moisture sorption to achieve a certain residual moisture content. The authors assessed the samplesβ mass uniformity using Shewhartβs X-charts, and analysed their residual moisture content using a loss-on-drying procedure with glass and metal weighing bottles. Statistical processing of the results was carried out by calculating the main statistical indicators: Studentβs t-test and Fisherβs F-test. Results: Four batches of model samples were prepared and standardised in terms of average mass using Shewhartβs charts. The effect of weighing bottle materials was most pronounced at low residual moisture contents (less than 0.5%), with the relative standard deviation (RSD) values for the results obtained with glass and metal weighing bottles reaching 76% and 35%, respectively. For the samples with a higher residual moisture content (2β5%), the minimum RSDs with glass and metal weighing bottles were 15% and 6%, respectively. Conclusions: The study allowed for evaluating the influence of the material of weighing bottles on the results of LOD measurements and demonstrated a higher reproducibility with metal weighing bottles. This confirms the possibility of using metal weighing bottles in quality assessment of biological medicinal products for human use with LOD methods
Lyophilisation of bacterial test strains in a manifold-type apparatus: Effects of freezing and drying parameters, ampoule fill volume, and cotton filter density
Scientific relevance. Lyophilisation is the preferred method at the National Collection of Pathogenic MicroorganismsΒ (NCPM) of the Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Lyophilisation is used to provide for high standards of test-strain deposition, storage, and transportation and to ensure that test strains maintain their properties. Successful lyophilisation requires conducting experiments to establish the key parameters and critical conditions of the process.Aim. The study aimed to evaluate the effects that the speed and time of freezing, the time of drying, the fill volume of ampoules, and the density of cotton filters have on the quality ofΒ NCPM indicator microorganisms lyophilised in a manifold-type apparatus.Materials and methods. Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCTCΒ 12924, Staphylococcus aureus NCTCΒ 10788, and Salmonella Abony NCTCΒ 6017 were freeze-dried using a manifold-type apparatus (M. S. R. 18, Usifroid). The authors used a low-temperature freezer at β70Β±2Β Β°C for slow freezing and a mixture of dry ice and alcohol for quick freezing. The statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel and StatisticaΒ 10.Results. The minimum time needed for freezing the samples in a low-temperature freezer at β70Β±2Β Β°C was 4 hours. Further storage at this temperature for up to 1Β month was shown possible without compromising the quality of the final product. The time needed for freezing the samples in a mixture of dry ice and alcohol was under 1Β minute. No differences in quality parameters were observed between the lyophilised samples frozen slowly or quickly, except for the cake appearance. Quick freezing resulted in cakes that were non-uniform, crumbled, and pulled away from the ampoule walls, which is considered undesirable. The primary drying stage for ampoules with a fill volume of 0.2 mL took 6β8 hours. The secondary drying stage of 11, 18, 35, and 59 hours resulted in comparable lyophilisate quality: the authors observed no statistically significant differences in viable cell counts (CFU/mL) at the end of lyophilisation and at the end of stress testing. The residual moisture content after 59-hour secondary drying was less than 2%. The cotton filter density had a critical influence on the lyophilisate quality. Therefore, the authors recommend using cotton filters weighing 50Β mg or less.Conclusions. The authors analysed the main stages of the lyophilisation process used for NCPM test strains and considered the effects that the speed and time of freezing, the time of drying, the fill volume of ampoules, and the density of cotton filters have on the quality of the final lyophilised product. The NCPM has implemented the results of this study in its work
Grain quality indicators and size-dependent fractional composition in winter rye cultivars under the conditions of the Lower Volga region
Background. Grain quality indicators of winter rye cultivars were analyzed in connection with the size-dependent fractional composition of their grain in the Lower Volga environments.Materials and methods. The research material included 22 cultivars developed at various Russian scientific institutions, 3 Belarusian ones, and 3 cultivars bred at the Federal Center of Agriculture Research of the South-East Region. Comparative trials were conducted in 2021β2022 on 13.2 m2 plots in two field replications. The following grain quality indicators were studied: grain test weight, 1000 grain weight, size-dependent fractional composition, Hagberg falling number, amylogram peak height, starch gelatinization temperature, protein content, and rheological properties of the meal/water slurry.Results. Protein content was recorded at a level of 9.98β10.85%, while the starch gelatinization temperature was high due to the June air temperatures higher than the norm. Significant differences among the cultivars were found in the fractional composition of grain: 12 forms were identified with medium viscosity of the meal/water slurry and the fine-grain fraction content up to 30% of the total weight.Conclusions. There is a positive significant correlation between the five studied indicators characterizing the rheological properties of the meal/water slurry made from the grain of winter rye cultivars and the grain fraction composition (0.82*β0.91*)
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ , ΡΡΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ , ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ»Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΡΠ»Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠΎΠΉ
Introduction. Slag-forming mixtures play an important role in obtaining metal without non-metallic inclusions. Required properties of slag-forming mixtures (SFMs) directly depend on their chemical composition, that is why control of individual component content in a mixture is an important stage in the technological chain of metallurgical production. At the present time, it is a common practice to use inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES for analyzing SFMs, requiring sample preparation by alloying with alkali fluxes, which makes it impossible to determine potassium and sodium oxides in a sample. That is why it is necessary to work out a procedure for simultaneous determination of calcium, silicon, magnesium, aluminium, potassium, and sodium oxides by the method of ICP-AES, which would include quantitative transferring of all components into a solution. For that purpose, it is suggested to use microwave digestion of samples in autoclaves.The purpose was to develop a procedure for simultaneous determination of specified components of SFMs using ICP-AES after transferring the sample into a solution in an autoclave under conditions of microwave heating, and to certify it reference materials of slag and fluxes.Materials and methods. Compositional analysis of slag-forming mixtures was conducted using an atomic emission spectrometer with inductively coupled plasma Β«iCAP 6500 DuoΒ»; sample digestion was conducted with the use of the microwave system Β«ETHOS PLUSΒ». The following brands of SFMs were chosen as research objects: Melubir 9563 and Accutherm ST-SP/235AL4D; AlsifluxGS-C7; SRCP015, SRCP173P. For calibrating the spectrometer and controlling correctness of determining the specified components, the following reference materials were used: reference materials of blast furnace slag, steelmaking slag, converter slag, and fused fluxes, which have close chemical composition.Research results. An ICP-AES analysis procedure has been developed for calibrating the spectrometer and controlling correctness of determining CaO, SiO2 , MgO, Al2 O3 , K2 O, Na2 O in reference materials of blast furnace slag, steelmaking slag, converter slag and fused fluxes, which allows to establish target components of SFMs quickly and reliably.Β ΠΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π¨Π»Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Β«ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΒ» ΠΎΡ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»Π°. ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠ»Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ (Π¨ΠΠ‘) Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΌΡΡ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π°, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠΎΠΌ Π² ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π°. Π Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΡΠ»Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠΎΠΉ (ΠΠΠ‘ ΠΠ‘Π), ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π΅Ρ Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π΅. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΈΡ, ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡ, ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡ, Π°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΠΠ‘ ΠΠ‘Π, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ± Π² Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΊΠ»Π°Π²Π°Ρ
.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ. Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π¨ΠΠ‘ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΠΠ‘ ΠΠ‘Π ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡ Π² Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΊΠ»Π°Π²Π΅ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π²Π°, Π΅Π΅ Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ»Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ².ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° Π¨ΠΠ‘ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Ρ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Β«iCAP 6500 DuoΒ»; ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ± ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Β«ETHOS PLUSΒ». Π ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΠ»Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠΊ Melubir 9563 ΠΈ Accutherm ST-SP/235AL4D; AlsifluxGS-C7; SRCP015, SRCP173P. ΠΠ»Ρ Π³ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π‘Π ΡΠ»Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
, ΡΡΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
, ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΡΡ
, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠΉ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π².Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΠΠ‘ ΠΠ‘Π Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ Π³ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ CaO, SiO2 , MgO, Al2 O3 , K2 O, Na2 O ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ»Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
, ΡΡΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
, ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΡΡ
, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡΡΠΎ ΠΈ Π½Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΡ Π¨ΠΠ‘
ΠΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° Π±ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ Π² ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ
One of the factors influencing the uncertainty of residual moisture measurements in biological medicinal products is the accumulation of electrostatic charge on the surfaces of weighing bottles and laboratory balances, which results in poor weighing reproducibility. The authors believe that the simplest and most economical solution to this problem is to use weighing bottles made of a conductive material, e.g. metal. The aim of the work was to evaluate the influence of the material of weighing bottles on the reproducibility of loss-on-drying (LOD) methods. Materials and methods: Model samples for the study were prepared from a sucrose-gelatin medium by lyophilisation and subsequent moisture sorption to achieve a certain residual moisture content. The authors assessed the samplesβ mass uniformity using Shewhartβs X-charts, and analysed their residual moisture content using a loss-on-drying procedure with glass and metal weighing bottles. Statistical processing of the results was carried out by calculating the main statistical indicators: Studentβs t-test and Fisherβs F-test. Results: Four batches of model samples were prepared and standardised in terms of average mass using Shewhartβs charts. The effect of weighing bottle materials was most pronounced at low residual moisture contents (less than 0.5%), with the relative standard deviation (RSD) values for the results obtained with glass and metal weighing bottles reaching 76% and 35%, respectively. For the samples with a higher residual moisture content (2β5%), the minimum RSDs with glass and metal weighing bottles were 15% and 6%, respectively. Conclusions: The study allowed for evaluating the influence of the material of weighing bottles on the results of LOD measurements and demonstrated a higher reproducibility with metal weighing bottles. This confirms the possibility of using metal weighing bottles in quality assessment of biological medicinal products for human use with LOD methods.ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ², Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π½Π° Π½Π΅ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π»Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ΄Π° Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ
Π²Π·Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π±ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ², ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π²Π·Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ, ΠΏΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ², Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ: ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° Π±ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ Π² ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ: ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΎ-ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΌ Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π²Π»Π°Π³ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π»Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π₯-ΠΊΠ°ΡΡ Π¨ΡΡ
Π°ΡΡΠ°. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π² ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π±ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ². Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ, ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ, t-ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉ Π‘ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°, ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉ Π€ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ: ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡ Π¨ΡΡ
Π°ΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ΅. ΠΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° Π±ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π»Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² (ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ 0,5%): ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ Π² ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ½Π½ΡΡ
Π±ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π°Π»ΠΎ 76%, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π±ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² β 35%. ΠΡΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π»Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² (2β5%) ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΎ 15% ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ½Π½ΡΡ
Π±ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ 6% ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π±ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ: ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° Π±ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ Π² ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ: ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π±ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ², ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Β«ΠΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π² ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈΒ»
ΠΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡ-ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ² Π² Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°: Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² Π·Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° Π·Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΠΌΠΏΡΠ» ΠΈ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°
Scientific relevance. Lyophilisation is the preferred method at the National Collection of Pathogenic MicroorganismsΒ (NCPM) of the Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Lyophilisation is used to provide for high standards of test-strain deposition, storage, and transportation and to ensure that test strains maintain their properties. Successful lyophilisation requires conducting experiments to establish the key parameters and critical conditions of the process.Aim. The study aimed to evaluate the effects that the speed and time of freezing, the time of drying, the fill volume of ampoules, and the density of cotton filters have on the quality ofΒ NCPM indicator microorganisms lyophilised in a manifold-type apparatus.Materials and methods. Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCTCΒ 12924, Staphylococcus aureus NCTCΒ 10788, and Salmonella Abony NCTCΒ 6017 were freeze-dried using a manifold-type apparatus (M. S. R. 18, Usifroid). The authors used a low-temperature freezer at β70Β±2Β Β°C for slow freezing and a mixture of dry ice and alcohol for quick freezing. The statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel and StatisticaΒ 10.Results. The minimum time needed for freezing the samples in a low-temperature freezer at β70Β±2Β Β°C was 4 hours. Further storage at this temperature for up to 1Β month was shown possible without compromising the quality of the final product. The time needed for freezing the samples in a mixture of dry ice and alcohol was under 1Β minute. No differences in quality parameters were observed between the lyophilised samples frozen slowly or quickly, except for the cake appearance. Quick freezing resulted in cakes that were non-uniform, crumbled, and pulled away from the ampoule walls, which is considered undesirable. The primary drying stage for ampoules with a fill volume of 0.2 mL took 6β8 hours. The secondary drying stage of 11, 18, 35, and 59 hours resulted in comparable lyophilisate quality: the authors observed no statistically significant differences in viable cell counts (CFU/mL) at the end of lyophilisation and at the end of stress testing. The residual moisture content after 59-hour secondary drying was less than 2%. The cotton filter density had a critical influence on the lyophilisate quality. Therefore, the authors recommend using cotton filters weighing 50Β mg or less.Conclusions. The authors analysed the main stages of the lyophilisation process used for NCPM test strains and considered the effects that the speed and time of freezing, the time of drying, the fill volume of ampoules, and the density of cotton filters have on the quality of the final lyophilised product. The NCPM has implemented the results of this study in its work.ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ.Β Π ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² Π€ΠΠΠ£ Β«ΠΠ¦ΠΠ‘ΠΠΒ» ΠΠΈΠ½Π·Π΄ΡΠ°Π²Π° Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ β Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ, ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² Π΄Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡ-ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ². ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ. ΠΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° Π·Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΠΌΠΏΡΠ», ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡ-ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π’Π΅ΡΡ-ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ PseudomonasΒ aeruginosaΒ NCTCΒ 12924, StaphylococcusΒ aureusΒ NCTCΒ 10788, SalmonellaΒ AbonyΒ NCTCΒ 6017 Π²ΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°Β Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°. ΠΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅ β70Β±2Β Β°Π‘ Π²Β Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅Β (ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π»Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π·Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠ·ΠΊΠ°) ΠΈΒ Π²Β ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ Β«ΡΡΡ
ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Β» ΡΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΌΒ (Π±ΡΡΡΡΠ°Ρ Π·Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠ·ΠΊΠ°). Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌ MSΒ ExΡel ΠΈΒ Statistica,Β v.Β 10.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π·Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΠΌΠΏΡΠ» Π² Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ β70Β±2 Β°Π‘ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ 4 Ρ, Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅Π΅ Ρ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎ 1 ΠΌΠ΅Ρ. Π±Π΅Π· ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ°. ΠΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π·Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΠΌΠΏΡΠ» Π² ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ Β«ΡΡΡ
ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Β» ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ° ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ 1 ΠΌΠΈΠ½. Π Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈ Π±ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠ·ΠΊΠ΅, Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°: ΠΏΡΠΈ Π±ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π·Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±Π»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ° Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π°Ρ, Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π° ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ. ΠΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΠΌΠΏΡΠ» Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ 0,2Β ΠΌΠ» ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π° 6β8Β Ρ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 11, 18, 35 ΠΈΒ 59Β Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊΒ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°: ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊΒ (ΠΠΠ/ΠΌΠ») ΡΡΠ°Π·Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΒ ΠΏΠΎΒ Π·Π°Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ-ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π½Π΅Β ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΡ. Π‘ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π»Π°Π³ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²Β ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 59Β ΡΒ β ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ 2Β %. ΠΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π²Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠ° ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠ°, ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠ° ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 50Β ΠΌΠ³.ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΡ Π²ΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡ-ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ² Π½Π° Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ° ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²: ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²ΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° Π·Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΠΌΠΏΡΠ», ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ²
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