On the initial value problem of a periodic box-ball system

We show that the initial value problem of a periodic box-ball system can be solved in an elementary way using simple combinatorial methods.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figure

Penyembunyian Identitas Pelaku Tindak Pidana Oleh Insan Pers Menurut Kuhp Dan UU Nomor 40 Tahun 1999 Tentang Pers

Pers dalam mendapatkan sebuah berita kriminal melalui cara investigasi, insan pers melakukan wawancara dengan cara menyembunyikan identitas pelaku tindak pidana. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian yuridis normatif yang dilakukan dengan mengadakan penelusuran terhadap peraturan Perundang-undangan khususnya KUHP dan UU Nomor 40 tentang Pers. Insan pers yang menyembunyikan identitas pelaku tindak pidana seperti menyamarkan wajah, nama atau suara si pelaku itu berpedoman kepada hak tolak yang tercantum di dalam pasal 4 ayat (4) UU Nomor 40 Tahun 1999 tentang Pers dan pasal (5) dan (7) Kode Etik Jurnalistik. Tetapi akan menjadi sebuah masalah jika Insan pers yang menyembunyikan identitas pelaku tindak pidana dalam melakukan wawancaranya tidak ditindaklanjuti dengan pemberitahuan kepada pejabat kehakiman atau kepolisian sesuai yang tecantum didalam pasal 165 KUHP bahkan seringkali insan pers mengetahui tindak pidana terlebih dahulu dibanding aparat penegak hukum. Walaupun UU Pers merupakan lex specialis, tetapi tetap menjadi persoalan apabila insan pers mengetahui tentang adanya suatu kejahatan, khususnya kejahatan yang terdapat dalam BAB VII Buku II KUHP tanpa melaporkannya kepada penyidik tetapi justru merahasiakan identitas dari pelaku kejahatan tersebut dan menyiarkannya. Tindakan insan pers yang demikian bertentangan dengan Pasal 165 KUHP yang berisi tentang kewajiban bagi setiap warga negara yang mengetahui tentang adanya suatu kejahatan untuk melaporkan kejahatan tersebut kepada pejabat kehakiman atau kepolisian. Sehubungan dengan itu, diharapkan kepada pembuat Undang-Undang untuk segera mengamandemen UU Nomor 40 Tahun 1999 jika ingin dikategorikan Lex Specialis karena i.si pasal serta ketentuan umum memuat bahwa UU Pers belum bisa mandiri menjadi UU Khusus karena masih dimungkinkannya UU lain untuk masuk dan mengatu

Solutions to the ultradiscrete Toda molecule equation expressed as minimum weight flows of planar graphs

We define a function by means of the minimum weight flow on a planar graph and prove that this function solves the ultradiscrete Toda molecule equation, its B\"acklund transformation and the two dimensional Toda molecule equation. The method we employ in the proof can be considered as fundamental to the integrability of ultradiscrete soliton equations.Comment: 14 pages, 10 figures Added citations in v

Tropical Krichever construction for the non-periodic box and ball system

A solution for an initial value problem of the box and ball system is constructed from a solution of the periodic box and ball system. The construction is done through a specific limiting process based on the theory of tropical geometry. This method gives a tropical analogue of the Krichever construction, which is an algebro-geometric method to construct exact solutions to integrable systems, for the non-periodic system.Comment: 13 pages, 1 figur

Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity and Identification of Yellow Pigmented Marine Sponge-Associated Fungi from Teluk Awur, Jepara, Central Java

Marine sponge associated fungi are known as potential source of metabolites with various biological activities. Natural pigment is one of metabolite which produced by microorganisms. Several researches reported the antimicrobial activity from natural pigment. Unfortunately there are lack of information about marine fungi natural pigment and its producer. The aims of this research were to identify yellow pigmented Indonesian marine sponge­associated fungi, to extract the pigment, and to study the antimicrobial activity of the pigment against clinical MDR bacteria and clinical pathogenic fungi. Sponge associated­fungus isolate MT23 was successfully identified as Trichoderma parareesei. The fungal pigment could be extracted only in methanol with yield 6.22±0.29%. The pigment could inhibited Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli MDR strains. The biggest antibacterial activity was shown by concentration 1000μg/mL against S. typhi with inhibition zone was 4.03±0.06 mm

Solution of the genaralized periodic discrete Toda equation

A box-ball system with more than one kind of balls is obtained by the generalized periodic discrete Toda equation (pd Toda eq.). We study the pd Toda equation in view of algebraic geometry. The time evolution of pd Toda eq. is linearized on an algebraic variety, and theta function solutions are obtained.Comment: 18pages, 1figur

The Uncultured Gamma Proteobacterium and Culturable Associated-Bacteria from Tunicate Herdmania momus

Tunicate associated bacteria have been widely known as secondary metabolite producers. Beside the culturable bacteria, little is known about uncultured tunicate associated bacteria. This research aims to know the uncultured bacteria from tunicate Herdmania momus, to screen for antimicrobial activity from culturable Herdmania momus associated bacteria, and to test the crude extract for antimicrobial activity. The tunicate was successfully identified as Herdmania momus with accession number LC456724. The isolation of culturable bacteria resulted in 14 strains. The result 3 of the showing antimicrobial activity against gram-negative (MDR E. coli) and gram-positive (MRSA, MSSA, MDR B. cereus) bacteria. The strongest activity was from the crude extract of strain TSC 20. The 16S rDNA identification revealed the strain has the closest similarity with Bacillus subtilis, and the accession number is LC455706. While from the DNA of Herdmania momus discovered one uncultured gamma proteobacterium DNA fragmen

Exploration of Fungal Association From Hard Coral Against Pathogen MDR Staphylococcus haemolyticus

Staphylococcus haemolyticus are opportunistic bacteria and as the second leading cause of nosocomial infections. It is a disease causing septicemia, peritonitis, otitis, and urinary tract infections and infections of the eye. It also a phenotype resistant to multiple antibiotics commercial. There is now an urgency to find an alternative antibiotics to combat this bacteria. It has been widely reported that many bioactive marine natural products from marine invertebrate have striking similarities to metabolites of their associated microorganisms including fungi. Hard coral associated microorganisms are among of the most interesting and promising marine natural product sources, which produce with various biological activities. The proposed work focused on the discovery of bioactive compounds and also estimated the phylogenetic diversity from fungal association of hard coral against pathogen MDR Staphylococcus haemolyticus. A total of 32 fungal association, FHP 7 which were isolated from Favia sp. capable of inhibiting the growth MDR. Molecular identification based on 18S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the active fungal association belonged 100% to the members fro