28 research outputs found
Excess maternal salt intake produces sex-specific hypertension in offspring: putative roles for kidney and gastrointestinal sodium handling.
Hypertension is common and contributes, via cardiovascular disease, towards a large proportion of adult deaths in the Western World. High salt intake leads to high blood pressure, even when occurring prior to birth - a mechanism purported to reside in altered kidney development and later function. Using a combination of in vitro and in vivo approaches we tested whether increased maternal salt intake influences fetal kidney development to render the adult individual more susceptible to salt retention and hypertension. We found that salt-loaded pregnant rat dams were hypernatraemic at day 20 gestation (147±5 vs. 128±5 mmoles/L). Increased extracellular salt impeded murine kidney development in vitro, but had little effect in vivo. Kidneys of the adult offspring had few structural or functional abnormalities, but male and female offspring were hypernatraemic (166±4 vs. 149±2 mmoles/L), with a marked increase in plasma corticosterone (e.g. male offspring; 11.9 [9.3-14.8] vs. 2.8 [2.0-8.3] nmol/L median [IQR]). Furthermore, adult male, but not female, offspring had higher mean arterial blood pressure (effect size, +16 [9-21] mm Hg; mean [95% C.I.]. With no clear indication that the kidneys of salt-exposed offspring retained more sodium per se, we conducted a preliminary investigation of their gastrointestinal electrolyte handling and found increased expression of proximal colon solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 3 (SLC9A3) together with altered faecal characteristics and electrolyte handling, relative to control offspring. On the basis of these data we suggest that excess salt exposure, via maternal diet, at a vulnerable period of brain and gut development in the rat neonate lays the foundation for sustained increases in blood pressure later in life. Hence, our evidence further supports the argument that excess dietary salt should be avoided per se, particularly in the range of foods consumed by physiologically immature young
Impact of vascular calcification on cardiovascular mortality in hemodialysis patients: clinical significance, mechanisms and possible strategies for treatment
Our experience of rehabilitation in early postoperative period after breast cancer surgery
Degenerative changes of the interface membrane as a possible reason for prosthesis loosening
Objective: The aim of the present study was
to perform a comparative evaluation of septic and
aseptic interface membranes, assessing histological
features, inflammatory infiltrate, and expression of
inflammatory cytokines. Methods: Septic and aseptic
interface membranes from 102 patients were examined
by histology, histochemistry, and immunohistochemistry
(tissue arrays). The cell subpopulations were
characterized by quantification of CD3, CD4, CD8,
CD20, and CD163 positive cells. Additionally, a
semiquantitative evaluation of inflammatory cytokines
(TNFa, TGF-ß1, IL-1, IL-6, CRP, MMP-1, MMP-6) was
performed to complete the analysis of inflammatory
infiltrates. Results: The histological analysis revealed
three different types of aseptic interface membranes:
wear particle, degenerative, and mixed type. The
expression of inflammatory molecules did not differ
between septic and wear particle interface membranes.
Significantly lower expression of cytokines, MMPs and
CRP was observed, however, in degenerative interface
membranes compared to other types. No expression of
TNFa was observed in the degenerative interface
membranes. Over 88% of patients with degenerative
interface membranes had had a clinical record of
osteoarthritis. Conclusion: Aseptic interface membranes
were represented by wear particle, degenerative and
mixed type. The expression of inflammatory factors in
wear particle type is similar to this in septic membranes
and can contribute to the bone destruction and prosthesis
loosening. These factors seem not to play a major role in
the degenerative membranes
Morphologic and histologic comparison between the patella and hamstring tendons grafts: A descriptive and Anatomic study
Purpose: Morphologic and histologic comparison of patella and hamstring
tendon grafts. Methods: Hamstring tendons (semitendinosus and gracilis)
and patellar tendons were taken from 20 cadaveric knees and were
investigated by using light and electron microscopy,
immunohistochemistry, and morphometry. The thickness of collagen
fibrils, fibril/interstitum ratio, density of blood vessels, density of
fibroblasts, and distribution of the collagen fibrils were analyzed.
Results: The sernitendinosus and gracilis tendons provide 20% and 30%
more fibril/interstitum ratio compared with the patella tendon (P =.0056
and .0028). Also, the density of fibroblasts was 50% and 35% more (P
=.0061 and .0050). No differences regarding the thickness of the
collagen fibrils, density of blood vessels, and distribution of the
fibrils were found. Conclusions: Both semitendinous and gracilis tendons
provide significantly more density of collagen fibrils as well as
density of fibroblasts in comparison with patellar tendons. These
findings provide a potential advantage of the hamstrings group on better
remodelling and regeneration of the tissue. Clinical Relevance: These
grafts have been used as autografts for anterior cruciate ligament
reconstruction. Despite the interest on these tendons, their microscopic
structure has not been sufficiently investigated yet