Measuring the Charged Particle Multiplicity with ALICE

The charged particle multiplicity distribution is one of the first measurements that ALICE will be able to perform. The knowledge of this basic property at a new energy is needed to configure Monte Carlo generators correctly with the aim of understanding the background of other, especially rare, processes including new physics. It allows to study the scaling behaviour and to verify model predictions. The unfolding of the measurement is a non-trivial task due to the finite precision and acceptance of the detector. Solutions are based on chi2 minimization or iteratively using Bayes' theorem. Both approaches to unfold the spectrum are presented. Furthermore, the capabilities of the SPD fast OR trigger are shown that enable physics at very high multiplicities.Comment: Proceedings of poster presentation at Quark Matter 2008, 20th International Conference on Ultra-Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions in Jaipur, India; to be published in Indian Journal of Physics; 4 pages, 4 figure

Improving youth livelihoods : Ivory Coast

French version available in IDRC Digital LibraryThis policy brief reviews young people’s participation in the Ivory Coast economy. Unemployment rates are higher in urban areas, and youth experience higher unemployment rates than adults, with 9.7 percent of young men and 15 percent of young women unemployed. Only 9 percent of jobs are in the formal private or public sectors in Ivory Coast/Cote d’Ivoire. The issue of underemployment relates to increasingly prevalent forms of informal employment. The youth employment challenge requires specific action from leaders, yet much about young people's employment experiences remains unknown. Statistics on employment are often inconsistent and unavailable.MasterCard Foundatio

THE ANALYSIS OF YOUNG-OF-THE-YEAR CARP FEEDING WHEN FERTILIZING THE PONDS WITH DIFFERENT ORGANIC FERTILIZERS

В статті представлено результати досліджень щодо живлення цьоголіток коропа в ставах із застосуванням різних органічних удобрювачів.Встановлено, що внесення у дослідні стави пивної дробини та перегною ВРХ сприяло підвищенню рівня розвитку природної кормової бази. Отримані дані щодо живлення цьоголіток коропа в ставах з різними варіантами удобрення свідчать, що риба в усіх варіантах досліду була забезпечена природним кормом. Його відносний вміст в раціоні цьоголіток коропа дослідних груп складав 42,2±4,2–46,7±4,1 % і був у 1,2–1,3 рази вищий, ніж у контрольних (35,3±4,4 %). Індекс наповнення кишкового тракту риб при внесенні пивної дробини впродовж вегетаційного сезону поступово збільшувався; при внесенні перегною – збільшувався на початку періоду вирощування, із наступним зниженням його з початком годівлі штучними кормами; у контролі даний показник мав чітку тенденцію до зниження. Середні за вегетаційний сезон індекси наповнення кишкового тракту цьоголіток коропа в досліді були на рівні 256,5±22,4 – 348,1±23,5%, у контролі – 239,8±31,1 %.В статье представлены результаты исследования питания сеголеток карпа в прудах с применением различных органических  удобрителей. Установлено, что внесение в опытные пруды пивной дробины и перегноя КРС способствовало повышению уровня развития естественной кормовой базы. Полученные данные относительно питания сеголеток карпа в прудах с различными вариантами удобрения свидетельствуют, что рыба во всех вариантах опыта была обеспечена естественным кормом. Его относительное содержание в рационе сеголеток карпа опытных групп составляло 42,2±4,2–46,7±4,1 % и было в 1,2–1,3 раза выше, чем в контрольных (35,3±4,4 %). Индекс наполнения кишечного тракта рыб при внесении пивной дробины в течение вегетационного сезона постепенно увеличивался; при внесении перегноя – увеличивался в начале периода выращивания, с последующим снижением его с началом кормления искусственными кормами; в контроле данный показатель имел четкую тенденцию к снижению. Средние за вегетационный сезон индексы наполнения кишечного тракта сеголеток карпа в опыте были на уровне 256,5±22,4 – 348,1±23,5%, в контроле – 239,8±31,1%.The paper contains the results of the studies on young-of-the-year carp feeding in ponds with the application of different organic fertilizers.It was found that the application of brewer’s grains and cattle manure into ponds contributed to an increase in the level of the development of feeding organisms. The obtained data on young-of-the-year carp feeding in ponds with different fertilization variants indicate that fish in all experimental variants was supplied with natural feeds. Its relative content in young-of-the-year carp diet in experimental groups was 42.2±4.2-46.7±4.1% that was 1.2–1.3 times higher than in the control (35.3±4.4 %). Gut fullness index of the experimental fish when brewer’s grains were used gradually increased during the culture season; when manure was used – it increased in the beginning of the growing period and then reduced with the start of feeding fish with artificial feeds; in the control, this index had a clear tendency for decreasing. Mean gut fullness indices of young-of-the-year carp during the culture season were 256.5±22.4 – 348.1±23.5% in the experiment and 239.8±31.1% in the control

Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Akseptor Keluarga Berencana dan Peran Tenaga Kesehatan dengan Minat Penggunaan Kontrasepsi Jangka Panjang (MKJP)

Family planning aims at reducing maternal mortality rates and reducing population growth rate with the main target of couples of childbearing age. One of the family planning options offered is long-term reversible contraceptive method (MKJP). The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with interest in using MKJP in the work area of Camplong health center, Fatuleu sub-district, Kupang regency in 2018. The research was quantitive study with cross-sectional approach. The sample of 77 people was selected using simple random sampling. The instrument uses was a questionnaire. Data analysis techniques consisted of descriptive and bivariate analysis (chi-square test) with α= 0,05. The study indicated that knowledge (p-value= 0,09) and the role of health workers (p-value =0,001) were associated with the use of the MKJP while attitude (p-value = 0,765) and husband support (p-value = 0,131) had no relationship with MKJP. Health center needs to regularly provide information to the community about the advantages of MKJP especially for couples of childbearing age who have already had more than three children

Study of the condition and problems of providing diabetes patients with insulin preparations and means of glycemia monitoring

DM is a global medico-social problem, characterized by threatening trends in the spread and development of complications. One of the key elements of the system of effective treatment of DM is the continuous supply of patients with hypoglycemic preparations & means of means of glycemic control. Therefore, it is advisable to investigate approaches to ensuring the availability of MT for the prevention, diagnosis & treatment of DM in different countries. The purpose of the work is to analyze the condition & problems of providing patients with the necessary pharmaceuticals & diagnostic products to achieve the appropriate level of compensation for diabetes. The research used: analysis of documents, marketing analysis, comparison, generalization, mathematical and statistical methods, graphic method. The analysis of official statistics shows a constant increase in the incidence of diabetes in the world among the population of different ages. Analysis of international experience shows significant differences in approaches to the organization of care for patients with diabetes, in particular, reimbursement of the cost of insulin therapy & glycemic control. In low- and middle-income countries, due to insufficient financing of antidiabetic measures, higher rates of mortality & disability related to complications of DM are recorded. In Ukraine, a government program for the reimbursement of sugar-lowering drugs has been introduced to increase the availability of drugs. Reimbursement is subject to 45 insulin preparations for 12 INNs (of which 18 are without copayment). According to the NHS, 226,200 patients receive insulin under PMG (since 2019, 2.27 mln prescriptions have been paid). The analysis of prescriptions shows that insulin analogues of foreign production are most often used. Based on the results of the research on the availability of modern MTs for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes, it can be concluded that a wide range of glycemic control tools, including Continuous Monitoring Systems, are available on the domestic market. Providing patients with means of glycemic control is carried out at the expense of regional programs. The problem of providing patients with DM with the necessary medicines & medical devices requires a complex solution & coordination of central & local authorities actions. The priority direction of improving the efficiency and accessibility of medical care for patients with DM is to carry out proper OMT diagnosis & treatment of DM in order to include them in the reimbursement lists & procurement nomenclature

Jet Energy Density in Hadron-Hadron Collisions at High Energies

The average particle multiplicity density dN/deta is the dynamical quantity which reflects some regularities of particle production in low-pT range. The quantity is an important ingredient of z-scaling. Experimental results on charged particle density are available for pp, pA and AA collisions while experimental properties of the jet density are still an open question. The goal of this work is to find the variable which will reflect the main features of the jet production in low transverse energy range and play the role of the scale factor for the scaling function psi(z) and variable z in data z-presentation. The appropriate candidate is the variable we called "scaled jet energy density". Scaled jet energy density is the probability to have a jet with defined ET in defined xT and pseudorapidity regions. The PYTHIA6.2 Monte Carlo generator is used for calculation of scaled jet energy density in proton-proton collisions over a high energy range (sqrt s = 200-14000 GeV) and at eta = 0. The properties of the new variable are discussed and sensitivity to "physical scenarios" applied in the standard Monte Carlo generator is noted. The results of scaled jet energy density at LHC energies are presented and compared with predictions based on z-scaling.Comment: 11 pages, LaTeX, 8 figures, Presented at the XVII International Baldin Seminar on High Energy Physics Problems "Relativistic Nuclear Physics & Quantum Chromodynamics", Dubna, Russia, September 27 - October 2, 200

Total Cross Section, Inelasticity and Multiplicity Distributions in Proton -- Proton Collisions

Multiparticle production in high energy proton -- proton collisions has been analysed in the frame of Strongly Correlated Quark Model (SCQM) of the hadron structure elaborated by the author. It is shown that inelasticity decreases at high energies and this effect together with the total cross section growth and the increasing with collision energy the masses of intermediate clusters result in the violation of KNO -- scaling.Comment: 21 pages, 11 figures, submitted to Yad. Fisik

Disoriented Chiral Condensates, Pion Probability Distributions and Parallels with Disordered System

A general expression is discussed for pion probability distributions coming from relativistic heavy ion collisions. The general expression contains as limits: 1) The disoriented chiral condensate (DCC), 2) the negative binomial distribution and Pearson type III distribution, 3) a binomial or Gaussian result, 4) and a Poisson distribution. This general expression approximates other distributions such as a signal to noise laser distribution. Similarities and differences of the DCC distribution with these other distribution are studied. A connection with the theory of disordered systems will be discussed which include spin-glasses, randomly broken objects, random and chaotic maps.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure include